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<h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <a href="/news-events">News & Events</a> » <a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters">NIH Research Matters</a></div> <div class="l-region l-region--section-header">
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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2019-04-09T00:00:00-04:00" class="date-display-single">April 9, 2019</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Virus helps bacteria evade immune system</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>When a certain type of virus infect bacteria that cause chronic wound infections, they can serve as a decoy and allow bacteria to escape immune system detection.</li>
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<li>Vaccinating mice against the virus allowed the immune system to fight off the bacteria.</li>
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<li>The results point to potential strategies to combat bacteria that cause chronic wound infections.</li>
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</ul></div><div class="media-float-right"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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<picture title="Pseudomonas aeruginosa">
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<!--[if IE 9]><video style="display: none;"><![endif]-->
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190406-bacteria.jpg?itok=lsRLdjxx&timestamp=1554813652 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190406-bacteria.jpg?itok=8_q6Po15&timestamp=1554813652 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190406-bacteria.jpg?itok=F3n8IOBZ&timestamp=1554813652 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190406-bacteria.jpg?itok=nBNbZ7Wj&timestamp=1554813652 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190406-bacteria.jpg?itok=gB1chOR1&timestamp=1554813652 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]-->
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190406-bacteria.jpg?itok=8_q6Po15&timestamp=1554813652" alt="Pseudomonas aeruginosa" title="Pseudomonas aeruginosa" />
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||
</picture><span class="caption">3D computer-generated image of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, which can cause chronic wound infections. </span><span class="credit">CDC/James Archer</span></div>
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||
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||
</div><p>Infected wounds that can’t heal properly can cause pain, hospitalization, and even death. Often, the bacteria that cause these infections are resistant to antibiotics. Preventing such infections is a major public health priority.</p>
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||
<p>One bacterium that causes chronic wound infections, called <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> <em>(Pa)</em>, is often infected by a bacteriophage (or phage)—a type of virus that targets bacteria. Some phages kill the bacteria they infect. Others—like the one that infects <em>Pa</em>, called Pf phage—use the bacteria to copy themselves but don’t kill them in the process.</p>
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||
|
||
<p>Researchers led by Dr. Paul Bollyky from the Stanford University School of Medicine had previously found that <em>Pa</em> can harness Pf phages to help produce biofilms. Biofilms are complex, multi-layered microbial communities that provide a protective haven for germs in the body. The infectious phages thus help the bacteria survive.</p>
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||
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||
<p>To further understand the role that these phages play in <em>Pa </em>wound infections, the research team first tested wounds in patients at their hospital for phage-infected <em>Pa</em>. Their work was funded in part by NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Results were published on March 29, 2019, in <em>Science.</em></p>
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||
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||
<p>Out of 37 patients in their hospital with chronic <em>Pa </em>infections, 25 (68%) also had phage in their wounds. The longer a wound had gone without healing, the more likely it was to harbor phage-infected <em>Pa</em>.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>In mice, phage-infected <em>Pa</em> were more likely to infect wounds and to prove fatal than <em>Pa</em> that didn’t harbor phage.</p>
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<div class="media-float-right"><div class="media media-element-container media-floated_media"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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<picture title="Pf bacteriophages" class="media-element file-floated-media">
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190406-phage-blue.jpg?itok=u-Aakpk6&timestamp=1554813753 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)"></source>
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190406-phage-blue.jpg?itok=qgkKoexE&timestamp=1554813753 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)"></source>
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||
<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190406-phage-blue.jpg?itok=YEXcPkVG&timestamp=1554813753 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)"></source>
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190406-phage-blue.jpg?itok=5UUfKkrr&timestamp=1554813753 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)"></source>
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190406-phage-blue.jpg?itok=RXMPpCht&timestamp=1554813753 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)"></source>
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<!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]-->
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<img class="media-element file-floated-media" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190406-phage-blue.jpg?itok=qgkKoexE&timestamp=1554813753" alt="Pf bacteriophages" title="Pf bacteriophages" />
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</picture><span class="caption">Filamentous Pf bacteriophages under an electron microscope. </span><span class="credit">University of Montana</span></div>
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</div></div>
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<p>The researchers used cultured immune cells to look closely at immune cell interactions with <em>Pa</em>. They found that the the phages served as decoys for the immune system. Immune cells used virus-fighting mechanisms to engage the phages instead of mounting an attack on the bacteria. The result was that <em>Pa</em> infections could flourish.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>The team tested two therapies in mice to see if they could keep phage-infected <em>Pa</em> from establishing itself in wounds. One was a vaccine using part of a protein on the surface of the Pf phage. Another was a ready-made antibody against the phage.</p>
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||
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||
<p>Both therapies reduced the risk of <em>Pa</em> wound infection by about half. Surprisingly, the strategies seemed to work by causing the immune system to activate its bacteria-fighting mechanisms. The researchers suggest that this reaction might be directed at phage stuck to the surface of the bacteria.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>In addition to identifying potential strategies to reduce wound infections, these findings suggest that phages may also interact with human immune cells to affect other types of bacterial infections.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>“We’ve long known that you’ve got up to 10 quadrillion phages in your body, but we just figured whatever they were doing was strictly between them and the bacteria in your body,” Bollyky says. “Now we know that phages can get inside your cells, too, and make you sick.”</p>
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<p>—by Sharon Reynolds</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/protein-folding-gene-helps-heal-wounds" target="_top">A Protein-Folding Gene Helps Heal Wounds</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/new-drug-effective-against-mrsa-mice" target="_top">New Drug Effective Against MRSA in Mice</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/method-can-target-specific-microbes" target="_top">Method Can Target Specific Microbes</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/preventing-bacterial-infections-medical-devices" target="_top">Preventing Bacterial Infections from Medical Devices</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html" target="_top">Antibiotic Resistance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance" target="_top">Antimicrobial (Drug) Resistance</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30923196">Bacteriophage trigger antiviral immunity and prevent clearance of bacterial infection.</a> Sweere JM, Van Belleghem JD, Ishak H, Bach MS, Popescu M, Sunkari V, Kaber G, Manasherob R, Suh GA, Cao X, de Vries CR, Lam DN, Marshall PL, Birukova M, Katznelson E, Lazzareschi DV, Balaji S, Keswani SG, Hawn TR, Secor PR, Bollyky PL. <em>Science</em>. 2019 Mar 29;363(6434). pii: eaat9691. doi: 10.1126/science.aat9691. PMID: 30923196.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), and National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); Stanford SPARK; Falk Medical Research Trust; Cystic Fibrosis Foundation; Gabilan Stanford Graduate Fellowship; Lubert Stryer Bio-X Stanford Interdisciplinary Graduate Fellowship</p>
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