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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2019-01-29T00:00:00-05:00" class="date-display-single">January 29, 2019</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Blood-brain barrier test may predict dementia</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>A study shows that people with early cognitive impairment develop damage to the blood-brain barrier.</li>
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<li>Measuring the breakdown of this barrier could be an early way to test for cognitive impairment in dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease.</li>
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</ul></div><div class="media-float-right"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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<picture title="Female nurse preparing a mature patient for an MRI Scan">
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<!--[if IE 9]><video style="display: none;"><![endif]-->
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190129-mri.jpg?itok=FHL_M1Ak&timestamp=1548774459 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190129-mri.jpg?itok=wgxa9kwn&timestamp=1548774459 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190129-mri.jpg?itok=8g4VEx-r&timestamp=1548774459 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190129-mri.jpg?itok=XjJH7r57&timestamp=1548774459 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190129-mri.jpg?itok=ynKzqTr2&timestamp=1548774459 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2019/20190129-mri.jpg?itok=wgxa9kwn&timestamp=1548774459" alt="Female nurse preparing a mature patient for an MRI Scan." title="Female nurse preparing a mature patient for an MRI Scan" />
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</picture><span class="caption">Researchers have been looking for ways to test for early signs of dementias and develop strategies that prevent disease progression.</span><span class="credit">Skynesher / E+ / Getty Images</span></div>
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</div><p>Cognitive impairment is when a person has problems remembering, learning, concentrating, or making decisions that affect everyday life. Millions of people in the U.S. show some sort of cognitive impairment. People with cognitive impairment are at higher risk for developing dementia, which is the loss of cognitive functioning. Alzheimer's disease is the most common dementia diagnosis.</p>
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<p>Researchers have been looking for ways to test for early signs of cognitive impairment and dementia. Early detection could open the door to strategies that prevent disease progression. Potential biomarkers include changes in the size and function of the brain and its parts, as well as levels of certain proteins seen on brain scans, in cerebrospinal fluid, and in blood. People with Alzheimer’s disease, for example, have abnormally high levels of plaques made up of beta-amyloid and tangles made of tau proteins.</p>
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<p>To look for earlier biomarkers of cognitive decline, a team led by Dr. Berislav V. Zlokovic at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, examined two markers involved in the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. This barrier controls the movement of cells and molecules between the blood and the fluid that surrounds the brain’s nerve cells. Past studies have found that abnormalities in the small blood vessels (capillaries) of the brain often contribute to dementia.</p>
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<p>The team enrolled more than 160 people with and without cognitive impairment. They measured levels of the soluble form of a protein called platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ). PDGFRβ is found in the capillaries that maintain the blood-brain barrier’s integrity. Levels of the soluble form rise in cerebrospinal fluid when the blood-brain barrier is compromised. The team also tracked the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in 73 participants using an MRI-based technique they’d <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25611508">previously developed</a>. The study was supported in part by NIH’s National Institute on Aging (NIA) and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Results were published online on January 14, 2018, in <em>Nature Medicine</em>.</p>
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<p>The researchers found that, compared with those without cognitive impairment, those with cognitive impairment had higher levels of soluble PDGFRβ and a greater breakdown in the blood-brain barrier of certain brain regions. Notably, both these measures were independent of beta-amyloid and tau protein levels. The findings suggest these measurements could pave the way for an early diagnostic test for cognitive impairment from Alzheimer’s disease as well as other causes.</p>
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||
<p>“This is a solid step towards an accurate and reliable test that could be an earliest sign of critical brain damage in some people with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias” says Dr. Roderick Corriveau, a program director at NINDS.</p>
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<p>“Because of our aging population and growing public health concerns, efforts to find a reliable and accurate predictor of cognitive impairment and dementia are very important to researchers and the public,” explains Dr. Suzana Petanceska, a program director at NIA. “These early results are showing one possible, promising way to quantify risk.”</p>
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<p>The researchers are planning to further validate these results by conducting a second trial with more participants.</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/compound-repairs-features-alzheimers-disease-mice" target="_top">Compound Repairs Features of Alzheimer’s Disease in Mice</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/sleep-deprivation-increases-alzheimers-protein" target="_top">Sleep Deprivation Increases Alzheimer’s Protein</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/lymphatic-vessels-discovered-central-nervous-system" target="_top">Lymphatic Vessels Discovered in Central Nervous System</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/clues-alzheimers-disease" target="_top">Clues to Alzheimer’s Disease </a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/alzheimers-disease-may-stem-protein-clearance-problem" target="_top">Alzheimer’s Disease May Stem from Protein Clearance Problem</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/clinical-trials" target="_top">Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Clinical Trials </a></li><li><a href="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers" target="_top">Alzheimer's Disease & Related Dementias </a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/special-issues/seniors/dealing-dementia" target="_top">Dealing with Dementia</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30643288">Blood-brain barrier breakdown is an early biomarker of human cognitive dysfunction.</a> Nation DA, Sweeney MD, Montagne A, Sagare AP, D'Orazio LM, Pachicano M, Sepehrband F, Nelson AR, Buennagel DP, Harrington MG, Benzinger TLS, Fagan AM, Ringman JM, Schneider LS, Morris JC, Chui HC, Law M, Toga AW, Zlokovic BV. <em>Nat Med</em>. 2019 Jan 14. doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0297-y. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 30643288.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Institute on Aging (NIA) and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); Alzheimer’s Association; Cure Alzheimer’s Fund; Foundation Leducq Transatlantic Network of Excellence for the Study of Perivascular Spaces in Small Vessel Disease; and Whittier Foundation.</p>
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NIH Research Matters<br />
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Bldg. 31, Rm. 5B52, MSC 2094<br />
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Bethesda, MD 20892-2094</p></div>
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<h3 class="block__title">Popular Stories</h3>
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<div about="/block/research-matters---popular-stori" class="ds-1col entity entity-bean bean-research-matters-block view-mode-default clearfix">
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-can-we-slow-aging">Research in Context: Can we slow aging?</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-changes-observed-during-pregnancy">Brain changes observed during pregnancy</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-detecting-cancer">Research in Context: Detecting cancer</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/risk-future-burden-dementia-united-states">Risk and future burden of dementia in the United States </a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/complete-wiring-map-adult-fruit-fly-brain">Complete wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain</a></p>
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<h3 class="block__title">About NIH Research Matters</h3>
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong>Assistant Editors:</strong> Vicki Contie and Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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<p>ISSN 2375-9593</p>
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