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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2018-11-06T00:00:00-05:00" class="date-display-single">November 6, 2018</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Method identifies disease-causing bacteria</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>A sensitive test accurately screened blood samples for the presence of any of the more than 300 bacteria known to cause disease in people.</li>
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<li>If validated in larger studies, the method could be used to diagnose bacterial infections for precise treatment with antibiotics.</li>
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</ul></div><div class="media-float-right"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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<picture title="Elderly man in hospital bed">
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<!--[if IE 9]><video style="display: none;"><![endif]-->
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2018/20181106-sepsis.jpg?itok=_dl9JM3L&timestamp=1541515993 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2018/20181106-sepsis.jpg?itok=fF5fOrE8&timestamp=1541515993 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2018/20181106-sepsis.jpg?itok=RnslUyJf&timestamp=1541515993 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2018/20181106-sepsis.jpg?itok=hiMgXwEA&timestamp=1541515993 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2018/20181106-sepsis.jpg?itok=mtwUExkp&timestamp=1541515993 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]-->
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2018/20181106-sepsis.jpg?itok=fF5fOrE8&timestamp=1541515993" alt="Elderly man in hospital bed with a blurred image of a nurse in the background" title="Elderly man in hospital bed" />
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</picture><span class="caption">Researchers are working to develop a tool that can quickly and precisely identify all known pathogenic bacteria, including those involved in sepsis. </span><span class="credit">kupicoo/Getty Images</span></div>
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</div><p>Sepsis is when the body has an extreme response to an infection. The infection, usually from bacteria, triggers a chain reaction throughout the body. It causes fever, chills, rapid breathing, and confusion. Without timely and effective treatment, sepsis can rapidly lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death. It’s a major cause of death in the United States. One-third of people who die in the hospital have sepsis.</p>
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<p>A key aspect of sepsis treatment is eliminating the infection with antibiotics. However, prescribing the right antibiotic often requires identifying the bacteria and testing which drugs may work. Identification can be slow and difficult. That’s why doctors prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics while waiting for lab test results.</p>
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<p>A better method of identifying bacteria and their drug susceptibility would help in the treatment of sepsis and other serious illnesses caused by bacterial infections. It would also help combat the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.</p>
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<p>A research team led by Drs. Thomas Briese and W. Ian Lipkin of Columbia University set out to develop a more effective method of diagnosing bacterial infections. Their work was supported by NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and published in <em>mBio</em> on October 23, 2018.</p>
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||
<p>The team created a set of more than 4 million probes, which can bind to bacterial gene sequences in a blood sample. To do this, they combined several databases to obtain sequences for 307 bacterial species, more than 30,000 virulence factors, and more than 2,000 antibiotic resistance genes. When a test is run, the resulting data are analyzed by a computer to identify bacteria.</p>
|
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||
<p>To test the probe set, the scientists spiked blood samples with bacterial DNA and with bacterial cells. They compared their bacterial capture sequence system, called BacCapSeq, to the usual method of sequencing, which is called unbiased high-throughput sequencing (UHTS). Their method proved more sensitive than UHTS.</p>
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||
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||
<p>Next, the researchers tested blood samples from six patients with bacteria in their blood, including two people with HIV/AIDS and sepsis. BacCapSeq was able to identify bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in the blood of the patients. In the samples from sepsis patients, it identified the same disease-causing bacteria as UHTS. But BacCapSeq was far more sensitive.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>These results suggest that the BacCapSeq method could enable screening for hundreds of disease-causing bacteria, even at low dilution. However, the method will need to be validated with a large number of clinical samples. And the system needs to be optimized to enable faster diagnosis.</p>
|
||
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<p>“Accurate, early differential diagnosis of infectious diseases and knowledge of drug sensitivity profiles will reduce mortality, morbidity, and health care costs,” Lipkin says.</p>
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<p>—by Geri Piazza</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/new-method-accurately-detects-prions-blood" target="_top">New Method Accurately Detects Prions in Blood</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/blood-test-detects-several-cancer-types" target="_top">Blood Test Detects Several Cancer Types</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2014/08/surviving-sepsis" target="_top">Surviving Sepsis</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2014/02/stop-spread-superbugs" target="_top">Stop the Spread of Superbugs: Help Fight Drug-Resistant Bacteria</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance" target="_top">Antimicrobial (Drug) Resistance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/pages/factsheet_sepsis.aspx" target="_top">Sepsis</a></li><li><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/index.html" target="_top">Sepsis (CDC)</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30352937">BacCapSeq: a Platform for Diagnosis and Characterization of Bacterial Infections</a>. Allicock OM, Guo C, Uhlemann AC, Whittier S, Chauhan LV, Garcia J, Price A, Morse SS, Mishra N, Briese T, Lipkin WI. <em>MBio</em>. 2018 Oct 23;9(5). pii: e02007-18. doi: 10.1128/mBio.02007-18. PMID: 30352937.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.</p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-can-we-slow-aging">Research in Context: Can we slow aging?</a></p>
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|
||
<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-changes-observed-during-pregnancy">Brain changes observed during pregnancy</a></p>
|
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|
||
<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-detecting-cancer">Research in Context: Detecting cancer</a></p>
|
||
|
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/risk-future-burden-dementia-united-states">Risk and future burden of dementia in the United States </a></p>
|
||
|
||
<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/complete-wiring-map-adult-fruit-fly-brain">Complete wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain</a></p>
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<h3 class="block__title">About NIH Research Matters</h3>
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong>Assistant Editors:</strong> Vicki Contie and Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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<p>ISSN 2375-9593</p>
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