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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2018-07-10T00:00:00-04:00" class="date-display-single">July 10, 2018</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Medications reduce risk of death after opioid overdose</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<li>Methadone and buprenorphine reduced the risk of death by about half for people who’d previously had a non-fatal opioid overdose.</li>
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<li>However, less than a third of those who’d had a non-fatal opioid overdose received these drugs.</li>
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<li>The results highlight missed opportunities to help people at high risk of death from opioid use.</li>
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</ul></div><div class="media-float-right"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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<picture title="Illustration of an electrocardiogram of cardiac arrest on a background of pills">
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2018/20180703-pills.jpg?itok=bt_1OjYc&timestamp=1531229638 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2018/20180703-pills.jpg?itok=2Nkomsak&timestamp=1531229638 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2018/20180703-pills.jpg?itok=Pz-DHQr4&timestamp=1531229638 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2018/20180703-pills.jpg?itok=vqwcHCC6&timestamp=1531229638 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2018/20180703-pills.jpg?itok=dkJG0OXR&timestamp=1531229638 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2018/20180703-pills.jpg?itok=2Nkomsak&timestamp=1531229638" alt="Illustration of an electrocardiogram of cardiac arrest on a background of pills" title="Illustration of an electrocardiogram of cardiac arrest on a background of pills" />
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</picture><span class="caption">Every day, more than 115 people nationwide die after overdosing on opioids. </span><span class="credit">wildpixel/iStock/Thinkstock </span></div>
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</div><p>America remains in the grip of an opioid use crisis. In 2016, more than 42,000 people died from an opioid overdose. Since then, the monthly rate of opioid overdoses has continued to rise. Overdoses can be caused by either prescription opioids or their illegal counterparts, such as heroin.</p>
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<p>Not all opioid overdoses are fatal. But people who experience a non-fatal overdose are at increased risk of a later fatal overdose. Three drugs are currently approved by the FDA for the treatment of opioid-use disorder: methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. These drugs have been shown to reduce opioid use and its health consequences. But whether they can reduce the risk of death after a non-fatal opioid overdose hasn’t been clear.</p>
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<p>Researchers led by Dr. Marc Larochelle of the Boston University School of Medicine examined this question using hospital and death records in Massachusetts from 2012 to 2014. They tracked the treatment of more than 17,000 adults who had a nonfatal overdose during that period. People with a recent cancer diagnosis were excluded because of their higher risk of death overall. The study was funded by NIH’s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Results appeared online on June 19, 2018, in the <em>Annals of Internal Medicine</em>.</p>
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<p>In the year after a non-fatal overdose, 807 study participants died of any cause. Of those, 368 died of an opioid overdose. Less than a third of participants were prescribed one or more medications to treat opioid use disorder after their overdose. Only 11% received methadone, 17% received buprenorphine, and 6% received naltrexone. The median duration of treatment for all three drugs was less than six months.</p>
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||
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||
<p>During treatment with methadone, people were 59% less likely to die of an opioid overdose than people who didn’t receive medication for opioid-use disorder. People who received buprenorphine were 38% less likely to die of an opioid overdose during the same time period. No association was seen between naltrexone use and risk of death. However, this might be because of the small number of people who were prescribed naltrexone.</p>
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||
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||
<p>The results also showed that guidelines about prescription opioid use are often not followed. In the year after a non-fatal overdose, 34% of participants received a new prescription for opioid painkillers. In addition, 26% percent received a prescription for benzodiazepines, which increase the risk of an overdose if taken with opioids.</p>
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<p>“A great part of the tragedy of this opioid crisis is that, unlike in previous such crises America has seen, we now possess effective treatment strategies that could address it and save many lives, yet tens of thousands of people die each year because they have not received these treatments,” says NIDA Director Dr. Nora Volkow.</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-opioid-drugs-activate-receptors" target="_top">How Opioid Drugs Activate Receptors</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/longer-treatment-improves-outcomes-opioid-addicted-youth" target="_top">Longer Treatment Improves Outcomes for Opioid-Addicted Youth </a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/treatment-addicted-moms-has-better-outcomes-babies" target="_top">Treatment for Addicted Moms Has Better Outcomes for Babies</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/close-opioid-receptors" target="_top">Up Close With Opioid Receptors</a></li><li><a href="https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids" target="_top">Opioids</a></li><li><a href="https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids/opioid-overdose-crisis" target="_top">Opioid Overdose Crisis</a></li><li><a href="https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids/benzodiazepines-opioids" target="_top">Benzodiazepines and Opioids</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29913516">Medication for Opioid Use Disorder After Nonfatal Opioid Overdose and Association With Mortality: A Cohort Study.</a> Larochelle MR, Bernson D, Land T, Stopka TJ, Wang N, Xuan Z, Bagley SM, Liebschutz JM, Walley AY. <em>Ann Intern Med.</em> 2018 Jun 19. doi: 10.7326/M17-3107. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 29913516.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); Boston University School of Medicine; and GE Foundation.</p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-can-we-slow-aging">Research in Context: Can we slow aging?</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-changes-observed-during-pregnancy">Brain changes observed during pregnancy</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/risk-future-burden-dementia-united-states">Risk and future burden of dementia in the United States </a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/complete-wiring-map-adult-fruit-fly-brain">Complete wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain</a></p>
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong>Assistant Editors:</strong> Vicki Contie and Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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