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<h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <a href="/news-events">News & Events</a> » <a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters">NIH Research Matters</a></div> <div class="l-region l-region--section-header">
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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2018-03-06T00:00:00-05:00" class="date-display-single">March 6, 2018</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>New stem cell identified for lung tissue regeneration</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Researchers identified and characterized a stem cell that produces new air sac cells in mouse models of lung injury and in human lung tissue.</li>
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<li>The findings uncover potentially new targets for stimulating lung regeneration.</li>
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</ul></div><div class="media-float-right"><div class="media media-element-container media-floated_media"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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<picture title="Lung organoids" class="media-element file-floated-media">
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<!--[if IE 9]><video style="display: none;"><![endif]-->
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2018/20180306-lung-org.jpg?itok=DCmBxPwn&timestamp=1520349246 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)"></source>
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2018/20180306-lung-org.jpg?itok=B56yyd_I&timestamp=1520349246 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)"></source>
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2018/20180306-lung-org.jpg?itok=t_YtSUfq&timestamp=1520349246 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)"></source>
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2018/20180306-lung-org.jpg?itok=q-PbI9AE&timestamp=1520349246 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)"></source>
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2018/20180306-lung-org.jpg?itok=ADtYioqh&timestamp=1520349246 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)"></source>
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<img class="media-element file-floated-media" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2018/20180306-lung-org.jpg?itok=B56yyd_I&timestamp=1520349246" alt="Lung organoids" title="Lung organoids" />
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</picture><span class="caption">Mouse (left) and human (right) AEP cells grow into large lung organoids in culture and make multiple types of epithelial cells, including gas exchange type 1 cells (red) and surfactant-producing type 2 cells (green).</span><span class="credit">Ed Morrisey lab, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.</span></div>
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<p>Breathing is a vital function of life. Your lungs allow your body to take in oxygen from the air and get rid of carbon dioxide, a waste gas that can be toxic.</p>
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<p>The intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide in the lung is called gas exchange. When you breathe in, air travels down your windpipe and into your lungs. After passing through your bronchial tubes, the air enters the alveoli (air sacs). Oxygen from the air passes through the very thin walls of the alveoli to the surrounding blood vessels. At the same time, carbon dioxide moves from the blood vessels into the air sacs to be exhaled.</p>
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||
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||
<p>Air sacs can be damaged from injuries, viruses, or lung disease. Damage to the air sacs can make it harder to breathe. Lung tissue is slow to regenerate. A team led by Dr. Edward E. Morrisey of the University of Pennsylvania characterized the molecular underpinnings of air sac regeneration in the lungs. The research was supported primarily by NIH’s National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). Results were published online in <em>Nature </em>on February 28, 2018.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>The researchers compared alveoli cell activity over time in mice with lung damage from the influenza (flu) virus and healthy mice. They tracked cells that contained known markers of cells that turn into alveolar type 2 cells (AT2). AT2 cells produce the surfactant that protects alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells, which form the gas-exchange surface of the air sacs.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>The team found that a month after an influenza-induced lung injury, the tracked cells rapidly expanded and produced a large increase in both AT2 and AT1 cells. The cells self-renewed and, after three months, the majority of AT2 and AT1 cells in the alveoli that had regenerated had come from the injury-induced cells, which the scientists now call alveolar epithelial progenitor (AEP) cells.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>The team next characterized the gene and protein expression of the AEP cells from mouse lung. Using this information, they were able to isolate AEP cells from human lung tissue. The cells were used to grow 3D organ-like structures, called organoids, in the laboratory for further study. The researchers found molecular similarities in the cells that appear to be evolutionarily conserved between species.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>“From our organoid culture system, we were able to show that AEPs are an evolutionarily conserved alveolar progenitor that represents a new target for human lung regeneration strategies,” Morrisey says.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>“We are very excited at this novel finding,” says Dr. James P. Kiley, director of NHLBI’s Division of Lung Diseases. “Basic studies are fundamental stepping stones to advance our understanding of lung regeneration. Furthermore, the NHLBI support of investigators from basic to translational science helps promote collaborations that bring the field closer to regenerative strategies for both acute and chronic lung diseases."</p>
|
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<p>—by Tianna Hicklin, Ph.D.</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/making-lung-replacement" target="_top">Making a Lung Replacement</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/stem-cell-therapy-rebuilds-heart-muscle-primates" target="_top">Stem Cell Therapy Rebuilds Heart Muscle in Primates</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/stem-cells-coaxed-create-working-blood-vessels" target="_top">Stem Cells Coaxed To Create Working Blood Vessels</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/engineering-cartilage" target="_top">Engineering Cartilage</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/how-lungs-work" target="_top">How the Lungs Work</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/tissue-engineering-and-regenerative-medicine" target="_top">Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2015/02/fixing-flawed-body-parts" target="_top">Fixing Flawed Body Parts</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/copd" target="_top">COPD</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29489752">Regeneration of the lung alveolus by an evolutionarily conserved epithelial progenitor</a>. Zacharias WJ, Frank DB, Zepp JA, Morley MP, Alkhaleel FA, Kong J, Zhou S, Cantu E, Morrisey EE. <em>Nature</em>. 2018 Feb 28. doi: 10.1038/nature25786. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 29489752.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD).</p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-can-we-slow-aging">Research in Context: Can we slow aging?</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-changes-observed-during-pregnancy">Brain changes observed during pregnancy</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/risk-future-burden-dementia-united-states">Risk and future burden of dementia in the United States </a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/complete-wiring-map-adult-fruit-fly-brain">Complete wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain</a></p>
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong>Assistant Editors:</strong> Vicki Contie and Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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