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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2017-12-12T00:00:00-05:00" class="date-display-single">December 12, 2017</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Dietary fats influence endoplasmic reticulum membrane </h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<li>A lab study found that saturated fatty acids stiffened the normally flexible membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and impaired its function, while unsaturated fatty acids had the opposite effect.</li>
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<li>These findings may help explain on the molecular level why saturated fat can harm cells and unsaturated fat can be protective.</li>
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<picture title="Solid-like domains in the ER">
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<!--[if IE 9]><video style="display: none;"><![endif]-->
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2017/20171212-membrane.jpg?itok=AMXTtSXz&timestamp=1513090556 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2017/20171212-membrane.jpg?itok=ehGM9ggn&timestamp=1513090556 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2017/20171212-membrane.jpg?itok=uSC-7gKX&timestamp=1513090556 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2017/20171212-membrane.jpg?itok=o6dfiTsW&timestamp=1513090556 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2017/20171212-membrane.jpg?itok=UtHqTa1X&timestamp=1513090556 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]-->
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2017/20171212-membrane.jpg?itok=ehGM9ggn&timestamp=1513090556" alt="Magnification of a solid-like patch in the ER shows a more ordered lipid structure than in another section of the ER" title="Solid-like domains in the ER" />
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</picture><span class="caption">Saturated fatty acids build lipids that form stiff, “solid-like” areas (blue) in the ER membrane (green). </span><span class="credit">Nicoletta Barolini, Columbia University</span></div>
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</div><p>Your body consists of trillions of cells. Inside each cell are many structures. The <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?cdrid=763770">endoplasmic reticulum</a> (ER) is a large, complex structure that makes and transports substances the cell needs, such as proteins and lipids (a group that includes fats). Lipids are made, in part, from molecules called fatty acids, which come from digested dietary fats. Various lipids and proteins make up the membrane around the ER, which is the largest membrane system inside a cell. This system controls the traffic of substances that are continuously moving into, within, and out of the ER.</p>
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<p>Past research suggests that consuming unsaturated fatty acids, such as those found in fish and peanut butter, protects against certain diseases. In contrast, consuming saturated fatty acids, such as those in meat and cheese, can contribute to disease. Scientists have been developing imaging methods and other technologies to investigate on a molecular level how cells are helped or harmed by certain types of lipids.</p>
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<p>A research team led by Dr. Wei Min at Columbia University developed an advanced microscope technique to visualize small molecules in living cells. The technique relies on an approach known as stimulated Raman scattering. The team used the technique to determine how saturated and unsaturated fatty acids become incorporated into the ER membranes of living cells. The research was supported in part by NIH’s National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) and an NIH Director’s New Innovator Award. Results appeared online on December 1, 2017, in <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em>.</p>
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<p>After exposing human cells in the laboratory to a saturated fatty acid known as palmitate, the team discovered that the ER membrane was not entirely flexible and fluid. A fluid, flexible membrane allows for the ER to do its work, such as the easy transport of substances in and out of the ER. Instead, the ER membrane now had stiff, solid-like patches.</p>
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||
<p>Next, the team showed that a common unsaturated fatty acid known as oleate did not form stiff portions after being incorporated into the membrane. When both oleate and palmitate were added to living cells, fewer stiff portions were observed than with palmitate alone. A polyunsaturated fatty acid also had the same beneficial effect as oleate. These findings may reveal one way that consuming a high level of saturated fat contributes to cell damage—and how unsaturated fat counteracts the damage.</p>
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<p>“The behavior of saturated fatty acids once they’ve entered cells contributes to major and often deadly diseases,” Min says. “Visualizing how fatty acids are contributing to lipid metabolic disease gives us the direct physical information we need to begin looking for effective ways to treat them. Perhaps, for example, we can find a way to block the toxic lipid accumulation.”</p>
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<p>—by Geri Piazza</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/re-envisioning-endoplasmic-reticulum" target="_top">Re-Envisioning the Endoplasmic Reticulum</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/omega-3s-linked-lower-risk-fatal-heart-attacks" target="_top">Omega-3s Linked with Lower Risk of Fatal Heart Attacks</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-dietary-factors-influence-disease-risk" target="_top">How Dietary Factors Influence Disease Risk</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2012/07/digging-vegetarian-diet" target="_top">Digging a Vegetarian Diet: Plant-Based Eating Can Reap Rewards</a></li><li><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/cell" target="_top">What Is a Cell?</a></li><li><a href="https://biobeat.nigms.nih.gov/2017/05/the-endoplasmic-reticulum-networking-inside-the-cell/" target="_top">The Endoplasmic Reticulum: Networking Inside the Cell</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29196526">Metabolic activity induces membrane phase separation in endoplasmic reticulum</a>. Shen Y, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Shi L, Shahriar S, Chan RB, Di Paolo G, Min W. <em>Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A. </em>2017 Dec 1. pii: 201712555. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1712555114. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 29196526.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); NIH Director’s New Innovator Award; and the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation.</p>
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<div about="/block/research-matters---popular-stori" class="ds-1col entity entity-bean bean-research-matters-block view-mode-default clearfix">
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-can-we-slow-aging">Research in Context: Can we slow aging?</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-changes-observed-during-pregnancy">Brain changes observed during pregnancy</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-detecting-cancer">Research in Context: Detecting cancer</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/risk-future-burden-dementia-united-states">Risk and future burden of dementia in the United States </a></p>
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||
|
||
<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/complete-wiring-map-adult-fruit-fly-brain">Complete wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain</a></p>
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<h3 class="block__title">About NIH Research Matters</h3>
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong>Assistant Editors:</strong> Vicki Contie and Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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<p>ISSN 2375-9593</p>
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