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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2017-08-29T00:00:00-04:00" class="date-display-single">August 29, 2017</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Probiotic prevents infant infections in rural India</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<li>A probiotic preparation reduced the risk of sepsis in a large study of newborns in rural India.</li>
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<li>The low-cost approach might help reduce sepsis in newborns around the world.</li>
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2017/20180829-probiotic.jpg?itok=XMXsUrLN&timestamp=1504010409 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2017/20180829-probiotic.jpg?itok=3BP_usOT&timestamp=1504010409 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2017/20180829-probiotic.jpg?itok=K6V98eNd&timestamp=1504010409 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2017/20180829-probiotic.jpg?itok=XMXsUrLN&timestamp=1504010409" alt="Doctor with four women, one holding a baby" title="Doctor with four women, one holding a baby" />
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</picture><span class="caption">Dr. Pinaki Panigrahi monitors a baby's progress in a clinical study in India. </span><span class="credit">University of Nebraska Medical Center</span></div>
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</div><p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in">Sepsis is a life-threatening condition in which the body launches a massive immune response to an infection. It can be triggered by many different types of microbes. Sepsis is a major cause of death in newborns, particularly among low birth weight and preterm infants. People with sepsis are usually treated in the hospital. In areas without access to advanced medical care, it can be particularly devastating. Effective interventions could save several hundreds of thousands of lives worldwide every year.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in">While some microbes cause illness, most of the trillions of microbes in the human body are harmless. Many are even beneficial. Studies have found that taking probiotics—harmless microbes similar to those found in the human gut—may improve gut function and other aspects of human health. Probiotics might also help to prevent sepsis, but early results have been mixed.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in">In pilot studies, a research team led by Dr. Pinaki Panigrahi at the University of Nebraska Medical Center had promising results using combinations of probiotics and prebiotics, nutrients that help probiotic bacteria thrive in the gut. Such combinations are called synbiotics. In their new study, the team used the most effective combination they found: a bacterium called <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> and a plant-derived sugar compound called fructooligosaccharide. The work was supported by NIH’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). Results were published on August 24, 2017, in <em>Nature</em>.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in">The study took place in 149 randomly chosen villages in Odisha state, where neonatal and infant mortality rates are among the highest in India. More than 4,500 infants were randomly assigned to receive either the synbiotic or placebo. They were given daily doses by mouth for seven days beginning two to four days after birth. The infants were monitored for 60 days, a critical period for infant survival.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in">The team found that the synbiotic reduced the risk of sepsis by about 40%—from 8.9% (202) of the infants in the placebo group to 5.1% (117) in the synbiotic group. These results were so much better than expected that the study was stopped when about half of the intended infants had been enrolled. The synbiotic also significantly reduced the number of lower respiratory tract infections requiring antibiotic treatment—from 139 infants (6.1%) in the placebo group to 92 (4%) in the synbiotic group.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in">There were few deaths overall (4 infants in the placebo group and 6 in the synbiotic group). The synbiotic caused no obvious health problems. At 60 days, infants in the synbiotic group had gained more weight than those in the placebo group.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in">The researchers estimate that the week-long treatment costs about $1 per infant. This could be a cost-effective approach in developing areas. Further work will be needed to see if the synbiotic would need to be tailored for different regions. Practical challenges, such as shipping and storage, also remain.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in">“This study has to be replicated in different countries and under different circumstances,” Panigrahi explains. “We maintained tight controls on the administration of the synbiotic and conducted a rigorous follow-up which will not be available in real life.”</p>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in">—by Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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</div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/drug-might-help-treat-sepsis" target="_top">Drug Might Help Treat Sepsis</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/healthy-human-microbiome" target="_top">The Healthy Human Microbiome</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/issue/Aug2014/feature2" target="_top">Surviving Sepsis: Taming a Deadly Immune Response</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nigms.nih.gov/Education/pages/factsheet_sepsis.aspx" target="_top">Sepsis Fact Sheet</a></li><li><a href="https://nccih.nih.gov/health/probiotics/introduction.htm" target="_top">Probiotics: In Depth</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/issue/may2017/feature1" target="_top">Keeping Your Gut in Check</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/issue/nov2012/feature1" target="_top">Your Microbes and You</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28813414">A randomized synbiotic trial to prevent sepsis among infants in rural India.</a> Panigrahi P, Parida S, Nanda NC, Satpathy R, Pradhan L, Chandel DS, Baccaglini L, Mohapatra A, Mohapatra SS, Misra PR, Chaudhry R, Chen HH, Johnson JA, Morris JG, Paneth N, Gewolb IH. <em>Nature</em>. 2017 Aug 24;548(7668):407-412. doi: 10.1038/nature23480. Epub 2017 Aug 16. PMID: 28813414.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD).</p>
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Bldg. 31, Rm. 5B52, MSC 2094<br />
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Bethesda, MD 20892-2094</p></div>
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<h3 class="block__title">Popular Stories</h3>
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<div about="/block/research-matters---popular-stori" class="ds-1col entity entity-bean bean-research-matters-block view-mode-default clearfix">
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-can-we-slow-aging">Research in Context: Can we slow aging?</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-changes-observed-during-pregnancy">Brain changes observed during pregnancy</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-detecting-cancer">Research in Context: Detecting cancer</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/risk-future-burden-dementia-united-states">Risk and future burden of dementia in the United States </a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/complete-wiring-map-adult-fruit-fly-brain">Complete wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain</a></p>
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<h3 class="block__title">About NIH Research Matters</h3>
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong>Assistant Editors:</strong> Vicki Contie and Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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<p>ISSN 2375-9593</p>
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