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<div about="/news-events/nih-research-matters/new-method-accurately-detects-prions-blood" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document" class="ds-1col node node--nih-research-matters view-mode-full node--full node--nih-research-matters--full clearfix">
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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2017-01-10T00:00:00-05:00" class="date-display-single">January 10, 2017</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>New method accurately detects prions in blood </h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>A sensitive blood test accurately detected variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, an incurable and fatal neurodegenerative disorder.</li>
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<li>If validated in larger studies, the method could be used to diagnose prion diseases and prevent disease transmission through blood transfusions.</li>
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<picture title="Scientist working with blood samples">
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2017/20170110-prion.jpg?itok=QSkBeZ6U&timestamp=1484056456 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2017/20170110-prion.jpg?itok=PZupwMUJ&timestamp=1484056456 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2017/20170110-prion.jpg?itok=Oob1Zjn7&timestamp=1484056456 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2017/20170110-prion.jpg?itok=SFMRhqCn&timestamp=1484056456 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2017/20170110-prion.jpg?itok=nfdkujVq&timestamp=1484056456 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2017/20170110-prion.jpg?itok=PZupwMUJ&timestamp=1484056456" alt="Scientist working with blood samples" title="Scientist working with blood samples" />
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</picture><span class="caption">A new, sensitive test can accurately detect prions in blood samples.</span><span class="credit">psphotograph/iStock/Thinkstock</span></div>
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</div><p>Prion diseases are a group of rare, fatal brain diseases that affect animals and humans. They are caused by normally harmless proteins that become abnormal and form clumps in the brain. One form, called variant CJD (vCJD), is associated with eating meat from cattle infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy, commonly known as “mad cow” disease.</p>
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<p>People may have vCJD for years before symptoms—such as depression, hallucinations, moving difficulties, and dementia—appear. These “silent” carriers have small amounts of prions in their bloodstreams and can transmit the disease to others via blood transfusions. The only current method to diagnose vCJD is to perform a biopsy or a postmortem analysis of brain tissue. Thus, a noninvasive test to detect prions in blood is a medical priority.</p>
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<p>Two research groups recently developed blood tests to detect prions. The results appeared in a pair of papers published on December 21, 2016, in <em>Science Translational Medicine.</em> One of the groups, led by Dr. Claudio Soto of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, was funded in part by NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS).</p>
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<p>Prions are scarce in the bloodstream and difficult to measure. Both teams developed methods to amplify the prions in blood samples using a technique called protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA). PMCA relies on the characteristic nature of prions to cause certain healthy proteins to clump abnormally and convert into prions.</p>
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<p>Soto’s group first combined healthy proteins with known concentrations of infectious vCJD prions. They intermittently agitated these mixtures with sound waves. The agitation helped break the prions into smaller chunks. This increased the number of prions that could then convert healthy proteins into prions. Using this method, the scientists were able to detect more than a billion-fold dilution of prions using an anti-prion antibody.</p>
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||
<p>The scientists next tested whether the technique could be used to detect prions in blood samples from 14 people with vCJD and 153 controls. The controls included healthy people as well as people with different neurological or neurodegenerative disorders, including sporadic CJD, the most common form of CJD. The assay flagged all the vCJD samples correctly.</p>
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<p>In the second paper, a French research group described a similar approach testing a blinded panel of blood samples. That team identified 18 vCJD patients in a group of 256 samples.</p>
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<p>“Our findings, which need to be confirmed in further studies, suggest that our method of detection could be useful for the noninvasive diagnosis of this disease in pre-symptomatic individuals,” Soto says. Early diagnosis would allow potential therapies to be tested before substantial brain damage occurred. This technique would also allow blood contaminated with prions to be detected and removed from the blood supply.</p>
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<p>Both teams are now working to validate their methods using larger samples sizes.</p>
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<p>―by Anita Ramanathan </p>
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</div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/detecting-human-prion-disease" target="_top">Detecting Human Prion Disease</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/early-prion-detection-may-be-possible" target="_top">Early Prion Detection May Be Possible</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/prion-diseases" target="_top">Prion Diseases</a></li><li><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/prions/index.html" target="_top">Prion Diseases (CDC)</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28003548">Detection of prions in blood from patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.</a> Concha-Marambio L, Pritzkow S, Moda F, Tagliavini F, Ironside JW, Schulz PE, Soto C. <em>Sci Transl Med. </em>2016 Dec 21;8(370):370ra183. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6188. PMID: 28003548<br /><br />
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<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28003547">Detection of prions in the plasma of presymptomatic and symptomatic patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.</a> Bougard D, Brandel JP, Bélondrade M, Béringue V, Segarra C, Fleury H, Laplanche JL, Mayran C, Nicot S, Green A, Welaratne A, Narbey D, Fournier-Wirth C, Knight R, Will R, Tiberghien P, Haïk S, Coste J. <em>Sci Transl Med.</em> 2016 Dec 21;8(370):370ra182. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag1257. PMID: 28003547</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS); Italian Ministry of Health; Associazione Italiana Encefalopatie da Prioni; La Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale; U.K. Department of Health, Scottish Government; Etablissement Français du Sang; Alliance Biosecure Foundation, INSERM, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, program Investissements d’avenir; and U.K. Department of Health Policy Research Programme.</p>
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<p><strong>Mailing Address:</strong><br />
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NIH Research Matters<br />
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Bldg. 31, Rm. 5B52, MSC 2094<br />
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-can-we-slow-aging">Research in Context: Can we slow aging?</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-changes-observed-during-pregnancy">Brain changes observed during pregnancy</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-detecting-cancer">Research in Context: Detecting cancer</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/risk-future-burden-dementia-united-states">Risk and future burden of dementia in the United States </a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/complete-wiring-map-adult-fruit-fly-brain">Complete wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain</a></p>
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong>Assistant Editors:</strong> Vicki Contie and Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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