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<h2><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters">NIH Research Matters</a></h2> </div>
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<div about="/news-events/nih-research-matters/2016-research-highlights-promising-medical-advances" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document" class="ds-1col node node--nih-research-matters view-mode-full node--full node--nih-research-matters--full clearfix">
<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2016-12-21T00:00:00-05:00" class="date-display-single">December 21, 2016</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>2016 Research Highlights — Promising Medical Advances</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>Findings with Potential for Enhancing Human Health</h3>
<p>With NIH support, scientists across the United States and the world conduct wide-ranging research to improve the health of our nation. Groundbreaking NIH-funded research often receives top scientific honors. In 2016, these honors included 1 NIH-supported Nobel Prize winner and 5 NIH-funded recipients of top awards from the Lasker Foundation. Heres just a small sampling of the research accomplishments made by NIH-supported scientists in 2016. For more health and medical research findings from NIH, visit <a href="http://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters"><em>NIH Research Matters</em></a>.</p>
<p><a href="/sites/default/files/news-events/research-matters/2016/20161221-nihrm-fill-list.pdf">Full 2016 NIH Research Highlights List</a></p>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Zika virus" title="Zika virus" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160412-zika-virus-4.jpg?itok=Hcemv1Ru" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title">Zika research advances quickly</h4>
<p class="teaser-description">The Zika virus has spread worldwide since 2015, but there are no vaccines or effective treatments. This year, researchers decoded the <a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/zika-virus-structure-revealed">structure of the virus</a>, providing clues to how it enters human cells. They identified novel ways to inhibit Zika, testing a <a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/antibody-protects-mice-zika-infection">human-derived antibody in mice</a> and <a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/finding-compounds-inhibit-zika">screening for promising compounds</a>. Five <a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/vaccines-protect-monkeys-against-zika-infection">experimental vaccines</a> were evaluated in monkeys, <a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/dna-vaccines-protect-monkeys-against-zika-virus">with one now being tested in people</a>.</p>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Hand gripping glass of water." title="Hand gripping glass of water" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/ThinkstockPhotos-508538740.jpg?itok=tOcfGaHo" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/spinal-cord-stimulation-helps-paralyzed-people-move-hands">Spinal cord stimulation helps paralyzed people move hands</a></h4>
<p class="teaser-description">More than a quarter of a million Americans are living with spinal cord injuries. Spinal cord damage can lead to serious disabilities, including paralysis. In a proof-of-concept study, electrical stimulation of the spinal cord helped 2 people with quadriplegia improve voluntary movement and use of their hands. The study represents the first step in using the approach to improve hand function for people with cervical spinal cord injury.</p>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Illustration of inner ear anatomy" title="Anatomy of inner ear" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160927-ear.jpg?itok=NOK0HrpH" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/developing-novel-ear-infection-treatments">Developing novel ear infection treatments</a></h4>
<p class="teaser-description">Ear infections are the most common reason parents bring their children to the doctors office. Infections are often treated with a 710 day course of oral antibiotics. But getting young children to take the medication can be difficult. Researchers designed an easier way to administer ear infection medication by engineering a gel to deliver antibiotics directly into the ear. This method was used to successfully treated ear infections in chinchillas.</p>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/biomarker-signatures-prostate-cancer">Biomarker signatures of prostate cancer</a></h4>
<p class="teaser-description">Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men in the United States. More than half of prostate cancers dont become life-threatening, but doctors dont have a way to reliably predict which will likely to cause problems. Researchers discovered biomarkers in urine samples that were unique to 2 different prostate cancer stages. The findings suggest a noninvasive way to diagnose prostate cancer and assess tumor progression.</p>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Illustration of scissors cutting DNA." title="Illustration of scissors cutting DNA." class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160112-gene.jpg?itok=4Qa53hqp" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title">Gene editing shows promise in different disease models</h4>
<p class="teaser-description">Gene-editing techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 can successfully replace faulty genes, and scientists have been exploring their therapeutic potential. This year, NIH-funded scientists showed the approach holds promise as a gene therapy for 3 diseases in animal or cell models: <a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/gene-editing-improves-muscle-mice-muscular-dystrophy">Duchenne muscular dystrophy</a> (in mice); <a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/gene-editing-corrects-sickle-cell-mutation">sickle cell disease</a> (in blood stem cells from affected people); and <a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/novel-gene-editing-method-improves-vision-blind-rats">the inherited eye disorder retinitis pigmentosa</a> (in rats).</p>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="A computer model of the synthesized pain relieving compound PZM21 (blue) docked with the mu opioid receptor (grey)." title="A computer model of the pain relieving compound docked with the mu opioid receptor" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160913-opoids.jpg?itok=mARPNy9d" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/designing-more-effective-opioids">Designing more effective opioids</a></h4>
<p class="teaser-description">Opioids are a class of powerful pain-relieving drugs that are generally safe when taken for a short time and as prescribed by a doctor. However, theyre frequently misused because they also produce euphoria. Researchers used computer simulations to screen millions of molecules for opioid-like pain-relieving properties. The analyses allowed them to create a molecule that effectively alleviates pain in mice, but with fewer side effects than the opioid morphine.</p>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Illustration of artery narrowed by plaque." title="Illustration of artery narrowed by plaque." class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160322-hdl_0.jpg?itok=K_NY1b3X" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/when-hdl-cholesterol-doesnt-protect-against-heart-disease">When HDL cholesterol doesnt protect against heart disease</a></h4>
<p class="teaser-description">High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are thought to help remove cholesterol from the body. Higher levels of HDL have been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. However, scientists discovered a genetic mutation that raises HDL cholesterol levels but also increases the risk for heart disease. The findings suggest that levels of HDL cholesterol may not be as important as how well it functions to remove cholesterol from the body.</p>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Group of older adults socializing outdoors." title="Group of older adults socializing outdoors" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160614-adults.jpg?itok=fXF9JVHr" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/redefining-health-well-being-older-adults">Redefining health and well-being in older adults</a></h4>
<p class="teaser-description">Many traditional models for assessing health in older adults focus on disease. However, health is more than just the absence of disease. It also includes your physical, psychological, and social well-being. Researchers developed a “comprehensive model” to assess health that includes measures of health behaviors; psychological health; sensory function; and frailty. The findings may help doctors better assess and manage the quality of life and health of older adults.</p>
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