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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2016-06-14T00:00:00-04:00" class="date-display-single">June 14, 2016</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Strategy may improve seasonal flu vaccines</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Scientists developed a novel strategy for predicting how circulating influenza viruses may evolve.</li>
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<li>The approach could help scientists create more effective seasonal flu vaccines.</li>
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160614-flu.jpg?itok=TjgpQfoB&timestamp=1465904690 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160614-flu.jpg?itok=VSTQKmUN&timestamp=1465904690 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160614-flu.jpg?itok=MDGL3GwN&timestamp=1465904690 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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</picture><span class="caption">Colorized electron micrograph of H1N1 influenza virus particles.</span><span class="credit">NIAID</span></div>
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</div><p>Flu viruses constantly change, or mutate, as they circulate in nature. Seasonal influenza vaccines need to be updated each year to match new emerging strains. Scientists monitor flu strains circulating around the globe to predict which 3 or 4 strains will be most prevalent during the next flu season. To allow enough time for the vaccine to be made, the strains must be selected more than 6 months before the influenza season begins. Sometimes, an unexpected strain predominates or emerges too late to be included in the vaccine. This happened during the 2014-2015 flu season. That season’s vaccine was less than 20% effective at protecting against influenza infection.</p>
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<p>A research team led by Dr. Yoshihiro Kawaoka at the University of Wisconsin-Madison developed a strategy to predict flu mutations before they occur in nature by simulating viral evolution in the laboratory. Their work was funded in part by NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). The approach was described in the June 2016 issue of <em>Nature Microbiology</em>.</p>
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<p>The scientists obtained samples of naturally occurring human H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses from different flu seasons. They generated variants of these viruses by making random mutations in the virus surface protein hemagglutinin (HA). Seasonal flu vaccines are currently developed and evaluated in part based on their ability to induce production of antibodies against HA.</p>
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<p>The researchers mixed these mutated virus collections with antibodies targeting the flu viruses the study began with. Mutations in some strains allowed the virus to replicate despite the presence of the antibodies. These viral strains continued to replicate and mutate. If such changes occurred during natural infections, vaccinated people might not have the right antibodies to fight the mutated strains.</p>
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<p>The scientists mapped the mutational patterns of the viruses by using a process called antigenic cartography. This mapping revealed that the laboratory-developed mutations matched how these viruses evolved in nature.</p>
|
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<p>To test whether the lab-developed viruses could avoid detection by the immune system, the researchers tested mutated H1N1 viruses in mice and ferrets immunized against naturally occurring H1N1 influenza. Nearly all the viruses replicated efficiently in the immunized animals.</p>
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<p>This laboratory-based approach could help researchers predict which viruses have the potential to cause future epidemics, and thus guide which strains to include in seasonal flu vaccines. “This is the first demonstration that one can accurately anticipate in the lab future seasonal influenza strains,” Kawaoka says.</p>
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</div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/finding-factors-protect-against-flu" target="_top">Finding Factors That Protect Against Flu</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/progress-toward-h7n9-avian-flu-vaccine" target="_top">Progress Toward an H7N9 Avian Flu Vaccine</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/antibodies-protect-against-range-flu-viruses" target="_top">Antibodies Protect Against Range of Flu Viruses</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/learning-what-h5n1-needs-spread" target="_top">Learning What H5N1 Needs to Spread</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/issue/nov2015/capsule2" target="_top">Sidestep the Flu: Get Vaccinated</a></li><li><a href="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/flu/Pages/default.aspx" target="_top">Flu (Influenza) </a></li><li><a href="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/labsandresources/resources/ceirs/Pages/default.aspx" target="_top">Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="http://www.nature.com/articles/nmicrobiol201658">Selection of antigenically advanced variants of seasonal influenza viruses</a>. <em>Nature Microbiology</em>. 2016 May 23. DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.58.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; ERATO (Japan Science and Technology Agency); Japan Initiative for Global Research Network on Infectious Diseases; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan; Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED); and Royal Society, UK.</p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-detecting-cancer">Research in Context: Detecting cancer</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/risk-future-burden-dementia-united-states">Risk and future burden of dementia in the United States </a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/complete-wiring-map-adult-fruit-fly-brain">Complete wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain</a></p>
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<h3 class="block__title">About NIH Research Matters</h3>
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong>Assistant Editors:</strong> Vicki Contie and Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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<p>ISSN 2375-9593</p>
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