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<div about="/news-events/nih-research-matters/islet-transplantation-restores-blood-sugar-control-type-1-diabetes" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document" class="ds-1col node node--nih-research-matters view-mode-full node--full node--nih-research-matters--full clearfix">
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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2016-04-26T00:00:00-04:00" class="date-display-single">April 26, 2016</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Islet transplantation restores blood sugar control in type 1 diabetes </h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Pancreatic islet cell transplantation successfully treated people with difficult cases of type 1 diabetes.</li>
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<li>The transplant procedure and the use of antirejection drugs were associated with some side effects.</li>
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<li>Researchers are continuing to monitor participants and work toward licensure of the islet transplantation product.</li>
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<picture title="Woman checking blood sugar level">
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160426-islet.jpg?itok=4ErY09C-&timestamp=1461676813 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160426-islet.jpg?itok=wklvD66D&timestamp=1461676813 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160426-islet.jpg?itok=fDxBkkGB&timestamp=1461676813 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160426-islet.jpg?itok=ECrEdcZY&timestamp=1461676813 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160426-islet.jpg?itok=yRJdegMH&timestamp=1461676813 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160426-islet.jpg?itok=wklvD66D&timestamp=1461676813" alt="Woman checking blood sugar level" title="Woman checking blood sugar level" />
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</picture><span class="caption">People with type 1 diabetes need to closely monitor their blood glucose levels. </span><span class="credit">AndreyPopov/iStock/Thinkstock</span></div>
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</div><p>Diabetes is a disorder in the regulation and use of glucose in the blood. Glucose is a sugar that serves as fuel for the body. When blood glucose levels rise, beta cells in the islets of the pancreas normally make and secrete the hormone insulin. Insulin triggers cells to take up sugar from the blood.</p>
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<p>In type 1 diabetes, the body’s own immune system attacks and destroys pancreatic beta cells. People with type 1 diabetes require lifelong treatment that involves frequent (3 or more times daily) measurement of blood glucose and administration of insulin to maintain blood sugar levels. </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>If blood sugar levels become very low (hypoglycemia), symptoms such as tremors and sweating typically prompt a person to eat or drink to raise their blood sugar levels. However, about 1 in 3 people with type 1 diabetes can’t tell when their blood sugar is low. This impaired awareness puts them at risk for severe hypoglycemia, which can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, and death. </p>
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||
<p>One strategy to treat type 1 diabetes is to replace the destroyed beta cells with pancreatic islets transplanted from deceased human donors. An international team of researchers—the NIH-sponsored Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium—set out to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this experimental procedure. The study was designed with guidance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to potentially serve as the basis for future licensure for the manufacture of purified human pancreatic islet cells.</p>
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||
<p>The scientists enrolled 48 people who had type 1 diabetes for more than 5 years, impaired awareness of hypoglycemia, and frequent hypoglycemic events despite expert care. The participants received at least 1 transplant of islets and were given immunosuppressive drugs to prevent their immune systems from rejecting the transplants. The research was supported by NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), and other NIH components. Results appeared online on April 18, 2016, in <em>Diabetes Care</em>.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>During the first year after the initial transplant, 88% of participants were free of severe hypoglycemic events, had near-normal control of blood glucose levels, and had restored hypoglycemic awareness. After 2 years, 71% continued to meet these criteria for transplant success.</p>
|
||
|
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<p>Adverse reactions included bleeding associated with the transplant procedure as well as infections and lowered kidney function associated with the immune-suppressing drugs. Although some of the side effects were serious, none led to death or disability.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>“While still experimental, and with risks that must be weighed carefully, the promise of islet transplantation is undeniable and encouraging,” says NIDDK Director Dr. Griffin P. Rodgers. The researchers are continuing to monitor the participants to assess the benefits and risks of the transplant therapy.</p>
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</div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/encapsulated-cells-treat-diabetes-mice" target="_top">Encapsulated Cells Treat Diabetes in Mice</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/developing-insulin-producing-cells-treat-diabetes" target="_top">Developing Insulin-Producing Cells to Treat Diabetes</a></li><li><a href="http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/Diabetes/pancreatic-islet-transplantation/Pages/index.aspx" target="_top">Pancreatic Islet Transplantation</a></li><li><a href="http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/diabetes/Pages/default.aspx" target="_top">Diabetes A-Z</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you/basics" target="_top">NIH Clinical Research Trials and You: The Basics</a></li><li><a href="http://www.citisletstudy.org/" target="_top">Clinical Islet Transplantation (CIT) Consortium</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong>Phase 3 trial of transplantation of human islets in type 1 diabetes complicated by severe hypoglycemia. BJ Hering <em>et al</em>. <em>Diabetes Care.</em> April 18, 2016. DOI: 10.2337/dc15-1988.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS).</p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-can-we-slow-aging">Research in Context: Can we slow aging?</a></p>
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|
||
<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-changes-observed-during-pregnancy">Brain changes observed during pregnancy</a></p>
|
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|
||
<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-detecting-cancer">Research in Context: Detecting cancer</a></p>
|
||
|
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/risk-future-burden-dementia-united-states">Risk and future burden of dementia in the United States </a></p>
|
||
|
||
<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/complete-wiring-map-adult-fruit-fly-brain">Complete wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain</a></p>
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<h3 class="block__title">About NIH Research Matters</h3>
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong>Assistant Editors:</strong> Vicki Contie and Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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<p>ISSN 2375-9593</p>
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