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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2016-03-01T00:00:00-05:00" class="date-display-single">March 1, 2016</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Benefits of moderate weight loss in people with obesity </h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<li>People with obesity who reduced their weight by 5% had improvements in metabolic function in many tissues, including fat, liver, and muscle.</li>
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<li>Further weight loss of 10 to 15% resulted in some additional improvements.</li>
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<picture title="Overweight man buttoning his jeans.">
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160301-obese.jpg?itok=HT7AiL-O&timestamp=1456767368 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160301-obese.jpg?itok=fxHojm36&timestamp=1456767368 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160301-obese.jpg?itok=3GwhCjqO&timestamp=1456767368 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160301-obese.jpg?itok=hWSsxzAV&timestamp=1456767368 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160301-obese.jpg?itok=xI4CtbCp&timestamp=1456767368 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2016/20160301-obese.jpg?itok=fxHojm36&timestamp=1456767368" alt="Overweight man buttoning his jeans." title="Overweight man buttoning his jeans." />
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</picture><span class="caption">Researchers investigated the metabolic effects of progressive 5%, 10%, and 15% weight loss. </span><span class="credit">monkeybusinessimages/iStock/Thinkstock</span></div>
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</div><p>More than 1 in 3 Americans is obese. Obesity is a risk factor for many diseases, including type 2 diabetes and heart disease. These health issues stem from a range of underlying metabolic abnormalities that affect the liver, pancreas, muscle, fat, and other tissues.</p>
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<p>Most treatment guidelines recommend that people who are overweight or obese aim to lose 5% to 10% of their weight to achieve improvements in health. A team led by Dr. Samuel Klein at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis set out to characterize the metabolic benefits when people with obesity lose 5% and more of their weight. The study was supported in part by NIH’s National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and other NIH components.</p>
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<p>The scientists randomly assigned 40 sedentary people with obesity to maintain their body weight or to go on a diet to lose 5% of their body weight, followed by targets of 10% and 15%. Participants averaged 44 years of age with a body mass index (BMI) of 38 (average weight of about 235 pounds). The participants didn’t smoke or have diabetes. The findings appeared online on February 22, 2016, in <em>Cell Metabolism.</em></p>
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<p>People in the weight loss group consumed a low-calorie diet with 50-55% of energy as carbohydrate, 30% as fat, and 15-20% as protein. They were provided with weekly diet and behavioral education sessions.</p>
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<p>Nineteen participants achieved the initial target of 5% weight loss (average of 12 pounds) after about 3.5 months. The researchers found that these people had significantly decreased body fat, including abdominal fat and fat in the liver. They had decreased plasma levels of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and leptin, which are risk factors for heart disease and diabetes. They also showed improved function of insulin-secreting β cells, as well as the ability of fat, liver, and muscle tissue to respond to insulin.</p>
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<p>Markers of inflammation are elevated in people with obesity. The researchers, however, found no changes in systemic or fat tissue markers of inflammation with 5% weight loss.</p>
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||
<p>Nine of the participants reached the subsequent targets, achieving about 11% weight loss (at about 7 months) and 16% loss (at about 10 months). The decreases in fat mass, plasma insulin, leptin, and triglyceride concentrations continued in tandem with the weight loss. These participants showed continued improvements in β cell function and in insulin sensitivity in muscle. Insulin sensitivity in liver and fat tissue, however, didn’t improve further with weight loss beyond 5%.</p>
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<p>“Our findings demonstrate that you get the biggest bang for your buck with 5% weight loss,” Klein says. “If you weigh 200 pounds, you will be doing yourself a favor if you can lose 10 pounds and keep it off. You don’t have to lose 50 pounds to get important health benefits.”</p>
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<p>The study wasn’t designed to determine whether these effects are sustained for longer periods of time. Further research will also be needed to determine whether people with diabetes have the same types and patterns of metabolic adaptations following progressive weight loss.</p>
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<p>—by Carol Torgan, Ph.D.</p>
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</div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/food-choice-may-affect-ability-keep-weight" target="_top">Food Choice May Affect Ability to Keep Weight Off</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/issue/Jan2016/feature2" target="_top">Online Weight Management Gets Personal: NIH Body Weight Planner </a></li><li><a href="http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-communication-programs/win/Pages/default.aspx" target="_top">Weight-control Information Network</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/obe/" target="_top">Overweight and Obesity</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/index.htm" target="_top">Aim for a Healthy Weight</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26916363">Effects of Moderate and Subsequent Progressive Weight Loss on Metabolic Function and Adipose Tissue Biology in Humans with Obesity.</a> Magkos F, Fraterrigo G, Yoshino J, Luecking C, Kirbach K, Kelly SC, de Las Fuentes L, He S, Okunade AL, Patterson BW, Klein S. <em>Cell Metab</em>. 2016 Feb 22. pii: S1550-4131(16)30053-5. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.02.005. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 26916363.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS); Pershing Square Foundation; and Longer Life Foundation.</p>
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<div about="/block/research-matters---popular-stori" class="ds-1col entity entity-bean bean-research-matters-block view-mode-default clearfix">
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-can-we-slow-aging">Research in Context: Can we slow aging?</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-changes-observed-during-pregnancy">Brain changes observed during pregnancy</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-detecting-cancer">Research in Context: Detecting cancer</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/risk-future-burden-dementia-united-states">Risk and future burden of dementia in the United States </a></p>
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||
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||
<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/complete-wiring-map-adult-fruit-fly-brain">Complete wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain</a></p>
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</div>
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<h3 class="block__title">About NIH Research Matters</h3>
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<div about="/block/research-matters---about" class="ds-1col entity entity-bean bean-research-matters-block view-mode-default clearfix">
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong>Assistant Editors:</strong> Vicki Contie and Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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<p>ISSN 2375-9593</p>
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