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<h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <a href="/news-events">News & Events</a> » <a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters">NIH Research Matters</a></div> <div class="l-region l-region--section-header">
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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2008-12-22T00:00:00-05:00" class="date-display-single">December 22, 2008</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>2008 Research Highlights — Clinical Breakthroughs</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Disease</h3>
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<p>NIH has nearly 6,000 NIH staff scientists and supports more than 325,000 researchers with competitive grants to all 50 states, the territories and more than 90 countries around the world. Here's just a small sampling of the accomplishments made by NIH-supported scientists in 2008.</p>
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<div class="teaser">
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<div class="teaser-thumbnail"><div class="media media-element-container media-thumbnail"><div id="file-12311" class="file file-image file-image-jpeg">
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<h2 class="element-invisible"><a href="/2008/12152008-dietsuplprostate.jpg">12152008-dietsupl_prostate.jpg</a></h2>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Photo of multiple vitamin pills and spoon" title="Photo of multiple vitamin pills and spoon" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2008/12152008-dietsupl_prostate.jpg?itok=BsUITLu6" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/dietary-supplements-fail-prevent-prostate-cancer">Dietary Supplements Fail to Prevent Prostate Cancer</a></h4>
|
||
|
||
<p class="teaser-description">Two large NIH-funded clinical trials found that taking vitamin E, vitamin C or selenium does not reduce the risk of prostate cancer or other cancers in older men, as some previous studies had suggested. The results highlight the fact that dietary supplements can sometimes seem beneficial in small observational studies, but large, carefully controlled trials are needed to test whether they really live up to their hoped-for benefits.<br />
|
||
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19066370?ordinalpos=21&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum">PubMed Abstract: Effect of selenium and vitamin E on risk of prostate cancer and other cancers: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) »</a><br />
|
||
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19066368?ordinalpos=23&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum">PubMed Abstract: Vitamins E and C in the prevention of prostate and total cancer in men: the Physicians' Health Study II randomized controlled trial »</a></p>
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||
</div>
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<div class="teaser">
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<div class="teaser-thumbnail"><div class="media media-element-container media-thumbnail"><div id="file-11386" class="file file-image file-image-jpeg">
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<h2 class="element-invisible"><a href="/2008/20080623-diabetes.jpg">20080623-diabetes.jpg</a></h2>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Photo of a person administering a blood glucose test" title="Photo of a person administering a blood glucose test" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2008/20080623-diabetes.jpg?itok=_6nACDct" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/intensive-blood-sugar-control-type-2-diabetes">Intensive Blood Sugar Control in Type 2 Diabetes</a></h4>
|
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|
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<p class="teaser-description">People with type 2 diabetes need to keep their blood sugar from getting too high. But a large NIH-funded clinical trial found that tighter control isn't always better. A therapeutic strategy designed to aggressively control blood sugar in adults with diabetes who are also at high risk for cardiovascular disease not only failed to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events; it actually raised patients' risk of death. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18539917?ordinalpos=6&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum" title="PubMed Abstract: Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes.">Pubmed Abstract »</a></p>
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<div class="teaser-thumbnail"><div class="media media-element-container media-thumbnail"><div id="file-11411" class="file file-image file-image-jpeg">
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Phot of a crushed cigarette" title="Phot of a crushed cigarette" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2008/20080602-cigarette.jpg?itok=7dpp1SON" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/smokers-band-together-quit-together">Smokers Band Together and Quit Together</a></h4>
|
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|
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<p class="teaser-description">Spouses, friends, siblings and co-workers usually decide to light up or stub out their cigarettes for good around the same time, an NIH-funded study found. Married couples seemed to exert the greatest influence on each other. When one spouse quit smoking, the other’s likelihood of smoking dropped by nearly 70%. A better understanding of how social ties affect smoking behavior may lead to more effective ways to prevent or reduce smoking. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18499567?ordinalpos=10&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum" title="PubMed Abstract: The collective dynamics of smoking in a large social network.">Pubmed Abstract »</a></p>
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<div class="teaser-thumbnail"><div class="media media-element-container media-thumbnail"><div id="file-11626" class="file file-image file-image-jpeg">
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<h2 class="element-invisible"><a href="/2008/20080908-infants.jpg">20080908-infants.jpg</a></h2>
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<div class="content">
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Photo of a baby and mother" title="Photo of a baby and mother" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2008/20080908-infants.jpg?itok=OvxVW7Ax" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/treatment-lowers-preterm-infants-risk-cerebral-palsy">Treatment Lowers Preterm Infants’ Risk for Cerebral Palsy</a></h4>
|
||
|
||
<p class="teaser-description">Preterm infants born to mothers receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate-a common treatment to delay labor-are less likely to develop cerebral palsy than those whose mothers don't receive it, according to NIH-supported research. The study, involving more than 2,200 pregnant women, is the largest, most comprehensive effort to date to examine the link between the often-used drug and cerebral palsy. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18753646?ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum" title="PubMed Abstract: A randomized, controlled trial of magnesium sulfate for the prevention of cerebral palsy.">Pubmed Abstract »</a></p>
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<div class="teaser-thumbnail"><div class="media media-element-container media-thumbnail"><div id="file-11516" class="file file-image file-image-jpeg">
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<h2 class="element-invisible"><a href="/2008/20080804-nei.jpg">20080804-nei.jpg</a></h2>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Photo of a female doctor performing laser eye therapy on a female patient" title="Photo of a female doctor performing laser eye therapy on a female patient" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2008/20080804-nei.jpg?itok=vAdS0LT3" /> </div>
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</div></div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/laser-treatment-best-diabetic-macular-edema">Laser Treatment Best for Diabetic Macular Edema</a></h4>
|
||
|
||
<p class="teaser-description">Traditional laser therapy proved more effective than newer steroid injections for treating people with diabetes who have abnormal swelling in the eye, a condition called diabetic macular edema. About 700 patients were studied in the NIH-funded clinical trial, which showed that laser therapy protected against vision loss and had far fewer side effects than the corticosteroid treatments. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18662829?ordinalpos=5&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum" title="PubMed Abstract: A randomized trial comparing intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and focal/grid photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema.">Pubmed Abstract »</a></p>
|
||
</div>
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||
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<div class="teaser">
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<div class="teaser-thumbnail"><div class="media media-element-container media-thumbnail"><div id="file-11376" class="file file-image file-image-jpeg">
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<h2 class="element-invisible"><a href="/2008/20080623-waist.jpg">20080623-waist.jpg</a></h2>
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<div class="content">
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Photo of a person taking a waist measurement" title="Photo of a person taking a waist measurement" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2008/20080623-waist.jpg?itok=_TV2yoQa" /> </div>
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</div>
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</div></div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/wide-waists-boost-mortality-risk">Wide Waists Boost Mortality Risk</a></h4>
|
||
|
||
<p class="teaser-description">Even if your weight is in the normal range, your risk of death increases if your waist is wide, according to research by NIH scientists. The investigators studied nearly a quarter-million people over age 50. Those with the largest waists had about a 25% higher mortality risk than those with a normal-sized waist. Normal-weight people with large waists had a 20% higher risk of death than those with both a normal weight and waist size. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18417494?ordinalpos=16&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum" title="PubMed Abstract: Waist circumference and mortality.">Pubmed Abstract »</a></p>
|
||
</div>
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||
<div class="teaser">
|
||
<div class="teaser-thumbnail"><div class="media media-element-container media-thumbnail"><div id="file-11431" class="file file-image file-image-jpeg">
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<h2 class="element-invisible"><a href="/2008/20080721-activity.jpg">20080721-activity.jpg</a></h2>
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<div class="content">
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Photo of a boy and a girl playing leap frog" title="Photo of a boy and a girl playing leap frog" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2008/20080721-activity.jpg?itok=zSRX54fU" /> </div>
|
||
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||
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||
</div>
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||
</div></div>
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||
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||
<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/childrens-physical-activity-drops-age-9-15">Children’s Physical Activity Drops from Age 9 to 15</a></h4>
|
||
|
||
<p class="teaser-description">Physical activity levels sharply declined in a large group of American children between the ages of 9 and 15, according to a long-term study by NIH-supported scientists. At ages 9 and 11, more than 90% of the children met recommended activity levels—at least 60 minutes of physical activities most days of the week. By age of 15, however, only 31% met the recommended level on weekdays, and only 17% on weekends. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18632544?ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum" title="PubMed Abstract: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from ages 9 to 15 years.">Pubmed Abstract »</a></p>
|
||
</div>
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<div class="teaser-thumbnail"><div class="media media-element-container media-thumbnail"><div id="file-11231" class="file file-image file-image-jpeg">
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<h2 class="element-invisible"><a href="/2008/20080310-allergen.jpg">20080310-allergen.jpg</a></h2>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Computer rendered image of microscopic allergens" title="Computer rendered image of microscopic allergens" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2008/20080310-allergen.jpg?itok=7Tr2xbaX" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/increased-allergen-levels-homes-linked-asthma">Increased Allergen Levels in Homes Linked to Asthma</a></h4>
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<p class="teaser-description">A little housecleaning may help to reduce asthma symptoms in people who have both asthma and allergies, suggests a study by NIH scientists and their colleagues. A survey of more than 2,500 people showed that allergy-triggering substances, called allergens, were common in most homes. Households with asthmatic people were more likely to have higher levels of multiple allergens, including those from dog, cat, mouse and dust mite. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18255132?ordinalpos=8&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum" title="PubMed Abstract: Exposure to multiple indoor allergens in US homes and its relationship to asthma.">Pubmed Abstract »</a></p>
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