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<h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <a href="/news-events">News & Events</a> » <a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters">NIH Research Matters</a></div> <div class="l-region l-region--section-header">
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<div about="/news-events/nih-research-matters/2011-research-highlights-clinical-breakthroughs" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document" class="ds-1col node node--nih-research-matters view-mode-full node--full node--nih-research-matters--full clearfix">
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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2011-12-31T00:00:00-05:00" class="date-display-single">December 31, 2011</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>2011 Research Highlights — Clinical Breakthroughs</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Disease</h3>
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<p>NIH conducts and funds wide-ranging research to improve the nation's health. With NIH support, scientists across the country and around the world uncover basic biomedical advances and conduct the clinical and translational research that transforms discoveries into medical practice. Here's just a small sampling of the accomplishments made by NIH-supported scientists in 2011.</p>
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<div class="teaser-thumbnail"><div class="media media-element-container media-thumbnail"><div id="file-8651" class="file file-image file-image-jpeg">
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<h2 class="element-invisible"><a href="/2011/20110228-surgery.jpg">20110228-surgery.jpg</a></h2>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Microscopic image of a cluster of large cancer cells among smaller cells" title="Microscopic image of a cluster of large cancer cells among smaller cells" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2011/20110228-surgery.jpg?itok=RdE2hd6D" /> </div>
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</div></div>
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||
<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/less-invasive-surgery-just-effective-some-breast-cancer-patients">Less Invasive Surgery Just as Effective for Some Breast Cancer Patients</a></h4>
|
||
|
||
<p class="teaser-description">When breast cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, many doctors believe that removing several more nodes provides better treatment. But an NIH-funded study found no difference in survival rates 5 years after surgery, whether patients had had about 2 or more than 10 lymph nodes removed. The finding may change the way early-stage breast cancer is treated in some patients. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21304082" title="PubMed Abstract: Axillary dissection vs no axillary dissection in women with invasive breast cancer and sentinel node metastasis: a randomized clinical trial.">Pubmed Abstract »</a></p>
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<div class="teaser-thumbnail"><div class="media media-element-container media-thumbnail"><div id="file-22656" class="file file-image file-image-jpeg">
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<h2 class="element-invisible"><a href="/2011/hiv-virions-budding-cultured-lymphocyte.jpg">hiv-virions-budding-cultured-lymphocyte.jpg</a></h2>
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<div class="content">
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Scanning electron micrograph of HIV-1 virions budding from a cultured lymphocyte." title="Scanning electron micrograph of HIV-1 virions budding from a cultured lymphocyte" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2011/hiv-virions-budding-cultured-lymphocyte.jpg?itok=CK7SnK-O" /> </div>
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</div></div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/news-releases/hiv-study-named-2011-breakthrough-year-science">Treating HIV Early Prevents Transmission</a></h4>
|
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<p class="teaser-description">Treating HIV-positive patients with anti-retroviral therapy early—before their T-cell counts start to drop—can significantly lower the risk of transmitting HIV. In a large NIH-funded clinical trial, researchers selected over 1,700 couples from around the world in which one partner was HIV-positive. Half the HIV-positive patients started anti-retroviral therapy immediately, while the other half received standard clinical treatment. Early therapy reduced the rate of HIV transmission by 96%. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21767103" title="PubMed Abstract: Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy.">Pubmed Abstract »</a></p>
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<div class="teaser-thumbnail"><div class="media media-element-container media-thumbnail"><div id="file-9491" class="file file-image file-image-jpeg">
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Photo of children cropped" title="Photo of children cropped" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2011/20111212-wheezing-cropped.jpg?itok=fXFrjiTW" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/less-medication-effective-wheezing-preschoolers">Less Medication Effective for Wheezing Preschoolers</a></h4>
|
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|
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<p class="teaser-description">Recurrent wheezing in children at risk for developing asthma can be controlled using far less medication by giving higher doses of an inhaled corticosteroid only as needed instead of lower doses every day. In an NIH-funded study, researchers found no significant differences in symptoms or number of doctor visits, but the children who took medication intermittently received one-third the total medication of those on a daily regimen. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22111718" title="PubMed Abstract: Daily or intermittent budesonide in preschool children with recurrent wheezing.">Pubmed Abstract »</a></p>
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<div class="teaser-thumbnail"><div class="media media-element-container media-thumbnail"><div id="file-9381" class="file file-image file-image-jpeg">
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<h2 class="element-invisible"><a href="/2011/20111017-supplements.jpg">20111017-supplements.jpg</a></h2>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="3D graphic of a sphere with stubby spikes" title="3D graphic of a sphere with stubby spikes" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2011/20111017-supplements.jpg?itok=cPhiaB6K" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/dna-primer-boosts-antibodies-against-avian-flu">DNA Primer Boosts Antibodies Against Avian Flu</a></h4>
|
||
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<p class="teaser-description">Avian flu-fighting antibodies rose significantly in adults who received a DNA “primer” vaccine followed by an avian flu shot. In an NIH study, people given the primer, followed 6 months later with an inactivated H5N1 vaccine, had 4 times the amount of antibody of those who received 2 vaccine doses. The technique holds promise for blocking several strains of influenza. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21975270" title="PubMed Abstract: DNA priming and influenza vaccine immunogenicity: two phase 1 open label randomised clinical trials.">Pubmed Abstract »</a></p>
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<div class="teaser">
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<div class="teaser-thumbnail"><div class="media media-element-container media-thumbnail"><div id="file-9091" class="file file-image file-image-jpeg">
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<h2 class="element-invisible"><a href="/2011/20110613-salvia-cropped.jpg">20110613-salvia-cropped.jpg</a></h2>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Photo of a mother’s hands touching her infant - cropped" title="Photo of a mother’s hands touching her infant - cropped" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2011/20110613-salvia-cropped.jpg?itok=qPcxD5u1" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/saliva-testing-catches-cmv-infection-newborns">Saliva Testing Catches CMV Infection in Newborns</a></h4>
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<p class="teaser-description">A saliva sample from a newborn can be used to quickly and effectively detect cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, a major cause of hearing loss in children. NIH-funded researchers, using a common technique called polymerase chain reaction, found CMV in liquid saliva samples in 100% of cases identified by the current standard. Better screening might lead to earlier treatment for affected babies. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21631323" title="PubMed Abstract: Saliva polymerase-chain-reaction assay for cytomegalovirus screening in newborns.">Pubmed Abstract »</a></p>
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</div>
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<div class="teaser-thumbnail"><div class="media media-element-container media-thumbnail"><div id="file-9416" class="file file-image file-image-jpeg">
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<h2 class="element-invisible"><a href="/2011/20111003-alzheimers.jpg">20111003-alzheimers.jpg</a></h2>
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<div class="content">
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Photo of an older woman caring for her husband" title="Photo of an older woman caring for her husband" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2011/20111003-alzheimers.jpg?itok=hRGY54LJ" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/insulin-nasal-spray-shows-promise-alzheimers-disease">Insulin Nasal Spray Shows Promise for Alzheimer’s Disease</a></h4>
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||
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<p class="teaser-description">A small NIH-funded clinical trial found that daily doses of an insulin nasal spray can slow memory loss and preserve thinking skills in people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Patients given either a 20 IU (international units) or 40 IU dose of insulin directly to the nose showed improvement in general function, and those given the lower dose also showed improved memory. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21911655" title="PubMed Abstract: Intranasal Insulin Therapy for Alzheimer Disease and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Clinical Trial.">Pubmed Abstract »</a></p>
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</div>
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<div class="teaser">
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<div class="teaser-thumbnail"><div class="media media-element-container media-thumbnail"><div id="file-9221" class="file file-image file-image-jpeg">
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<h2 class="element-invisible"><a href="/2011/20110808-kidney.jpg">20110808-kidney.jpg</a></h2>
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<div class="content">
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Illustration of kidneys in a translucent body" title="Illustration of kidneys in a translucent body" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2011/20110808-kidney.jpg?itok=Zq9-5UWp" /> </div>
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</div></div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/treatment-helps-kidney-transplants">Treatment Helps With Kidney Transplants</a></h4>
|
||
|
||
<p class="teaser-description">About 1 in 3 candidates for kidney transplantation has a condition that causes their bodies to immediately reject transplanted organs. In an NIH-funded study, transplant patients underwent several rounds of plasmapheresis, a process that removes transplant-reactive antibodies from the blood, and received an “incompatible” organ. The patients had an 80% survival rate after 8 years, significantly higher than those who waited for a compatible transplant. The technique could lead to thousands more kidney transplants every year. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21793744" title="PubMed Abstract: Desensitization in HLA-incompatible kidney recipients and survival.">Pubmed Abstract »</a></p>
|
||
</div>
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<div class="teaser">
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<div class="teaser-thumbnail"><div class="media media-element-container media-thumbnail"><div id="file-9111" class="file file-image file-image-jpeg">
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<h2 class="element-invisible"><a href="/2011/20110606-paralyzed.jpg">20110606-paralyzed.jpg</a></h2>
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<div class="content">
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Photo of a standing man supported by hand rails and physical therapists" title="Photo of a standing man supported by hand rails and physical therapists" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2011/20110606-paralyzed.jpg?itok=uU4JNlUi" /> </div>
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