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<h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <a href="/news-events">News & Events</a> » <a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters">NIH Research Matters</a></div> <div class="l-region l-region--section-header">
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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2025-02-25T00:00:00-05:00" class="date-display-single">February 25, 2025</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Creating an artificial sense of touch </h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<li>Tiny electrodes placed precisely in the brain let people with spinal cord injuries feel sensations of shape, motion, and the orientation of objects on the skin.</li>
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<li>Coupled with further advances in bionic limbs, such technology could eventually help provide an artificial sense of touch.</li>
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</ul></div><div class="media-float-right">
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<div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7vR5tu-SG44?autoplay=1" rel="shadowbox; width=640; height=360" title="Man with two devices implanted in his brain before a bionic arm controlling a steering wheel and a screen showing traffic. An inset illustration shows movement across a grid reflected on fingers. "><img alt="Man with two devices implanted in his brain before a bionic arm controlling a steering wheel and a screen showing traffic. An inset illustration shows movement across a grid reflected on fingers. " height="427" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/video_sidebar/public/media-youtube/7vR5tu-SG44.jpg?itok=K5E1ExLD" title="Man with two devices implanted in his brain before a bionic arm controlling a steering wheel and a screen showing traffic. An inset illustration shows movement across a grid reflected on fingers. " typeof="Image" width="640" /></a>
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<p class="caption">A participant used a bionic arm controlled by the brain to steer a wheel in response to movement cues (left, right, none) encoded via intracortical microstimulation across multiple fingers. <em>Valle et al., Science</em></p>
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<p>The sense of touch involves a complex network of nerve fibers running from the skin to the brain. If any link in this chain is broken, such as from the loss of a limb, a spinal cord injury, or a stroke, this sense can be disrupted or lost.</p>
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<p>Advanced bionic limbs could potentially tap directly into the brain to provide an artificial sense of touch. This would let people control and receive sensory feedback from robotic arms and hands, or even artificial limbs attached to a wheelchair instead of their bodies.</p>
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<p>To provide a simulated sense of touch for bionic limbs, researchers have been experimenting with intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of the brain. This technique involves placing tiny electrodes into an area of the brain called the somatosensory cortex. This brain region processes sensory information from the arms and hands.</p>
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<p>When different ICMS electrodes are activated at different times, they have been able to produce rough approximations of the location and intensity of touch sensation. But to date, they haven’t been able to replicate complex experiences such as texture and motion.</p>
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<p>In a new study, funded in part by the NIH BRAIN Initiative, a team led by Dr. Giacomo Valle from the University of Chicago and Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden tested a new ICMS system designed to provide a richer sense of touch. The team placed ICMS electrodes into the somatosensory cortex in two participants. Both had spinal cord injuries that disrupted communication between the brain and the hand.</p>
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<p>The researchers used recent breakthroughs in understanding the structure and organization of the somatosensory cortex to precisely place the electrodes. They then tested the ability of the electrodes to mimic the electrical signals that represent the sense of touch. Results were published on January 17, 2025, in <em>Science</em>.</p>
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<p>When the researchers activated the electrodes in a pattern designed to evoke the sensation of touching an edge, the participants reported feeling edge-like sensations. Other stimulation patterns let participants identify simple shapes that would normally require feedback from several different fingers at the same time. Some patterns mimicking multiple fingers gave participants complex touch sensations, such as grasping a can or holding a pencil or a ball.</p>
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<p>This brain activation was fast enough to enable real-time feedback to and from bionic limbs. The electrodes could also evoke the sensation of motion on the skin in four different directions. In a final experiment, one participant was able to use the electrodes to communicate with a stand-alone bionic arm and steer a wheel in response to the sensations of movement provided via the implanted electrodes.</p>
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<p>“This work went beyond anything that has been done before in the field of brain-computer interfaces. We conveyed tactile sensations related to orientation, curvature, motion and 3D shapes for a participant using a brain-controlled bionic limb. We are in another level of artificial touch now,” Valle says.</p>
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<p>More work will be needed before such systems could be tested in larger studies, including the development of smaller and more powerful sensors for bionic limbs.</p>
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<p>—by Sharon Reynolds</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-computer-interface-helps-paralyzed-man-speak" target="_top">Brain-Computer Interface Helps Paralyzed Man Speak</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-movement-after-paralysis" target="_top">Research in Context: Movement after Paralysis</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/scientists-translate-brain-activity-into-music" target="_top">Scientists Translate Brain Activity into Music</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-decoder-turns-person-s-brain-activity-into-words" target="_top">Brain Decoder Turns a Person’s Brain Activity into Words</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/spinal-cord-stimulation-improves-arm-hand-movements-after-stroke" target="_top">Spinal Cord Stimulation Improves Arm, Hand Movements after Stroke</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/system-uses-imagined-handwriting-turn-thoughts-into-text" target="_top">System Turns Imagined Handwriting into Text</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/thought-control-gives-paralyzed-people-helping-hand" target="_top">Thought-Control Gives Paralyzed People Helping Hand</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/04/trouble-touch" target="_top">Trouble With Touch? Feeling Your World</a></li><li><a href="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/spinal-cord-injury" target="_top">Spinal Cord Injury</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39818881/">Tactile edges and motion via patterned microstimulation of the human somatosensory cortex.</a> Valle G, Alamri AH, Downey JE, Lienkämper R, Jordan PM, Sobinov AR, Endsley LJ, Prasad D, Boninger ML, Collinger JL, Warnke PC, Hatsopoulos NG, Miller LE, Gaunt RA, Greenspon CM, Bensmaia SJ. <em>Science</em>. 2025 Jan 17;387(6731):315-322. doi: 10.1126/science.adq5978. Epub 2025 Jan 16. PMID: 39818881.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies® (BRAIN) Initiative and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); University of Chicago.</p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-detecting-cancer">Research in Context: Detecting cancer</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/risk-future-burden-dementia-united-states">Risk and future burden of dementia in the United States </a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/complete-wiring-map-adult-fruit-fly-brain">Complete wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain</a></p>
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<h3 class="block__title">About NIH Research Matters</h3>
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong>Assistant Editors:</strong> Vicki Contie and Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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<p>ISSN 2375-9593</p>
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