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<h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <a href="/news-events">News & Events</a> » <a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters">NIH Research Matters</a></div> <div class="l-region l-region--section-header">
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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2024-12-10T00:00:00-05:00" class="date-display-single">December 10, 2024</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Wildfire smoke exposure and dementia risk</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Wildfire smoke exposure was associated with greater odds of being diagnosed with dementia.</li>
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<li>The findings suggest that reducing wildfire smoke exposure could potentially reduce the risk of dementia.</li>
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</ul></div><div class="media-float-right"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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<picture title="A lone car far in the distance travels on a highway away from a large, blazing forest fire.">
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<!--[if IE 9]><video style="display: none;"><![endif]-->
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20241210-fire.jpeg?itok=2GHIzcsM&timestamp=1733931450 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20241210-fire.jpeg?itok=o0yDadXG&timestamp=1733931450 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20241210-fire.jpeg?itok=rslmK9mw&timestamp=1733931450 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20241210-fire.jpeg?itok=FjoCok_X&timestamp=1733931450 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20241210-fire.jpeg?itok=e1OgNWht&timestamp=1733931450 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]-->
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20241210-fire.jpeg?itok=o0yDadXG&timestamp=1733931450" alt="A lone car far in the distance travels on a highway away from a large, blazing forest fire." title="A lone car far in the distance travels on a highway away from a large, blazing forest fire." />
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</picture><span class="caption">The study suggests that fine particulate pollution from wildfires may significantly raise the risk of dementia. </span><span class="credit">Dave Mills / Stocksy / Adobe Stock</span></div>
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</div><p>Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), a type of air pollution, has been linked to an increased risk of dementia. In the Western United States, wildfires are becoming a common source of airborne PM<sub>2.5</sub>. But it isn’t clear whether the fine particles from wildfires confer a similar dementia risk to those from other sources.</p>
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<p>An NIH-funded research team, led by Dr. Joan Casey of the University of Washington School of Public Health, compared the links between exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> from wildfire or other sources and new cases of dementia. To do so, they looked at electronic health records of more than 1.2 million Kaiser Permanente Southern California members aged 60 or older who were initially free from dementia. The health data spanned the years 2008-2019. The researchers estimated total PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations by census tract (a small, defined area) from 2006-2019 using air quality and weather data. They also used data on wildfires to separate wildfire PM<sub>2.5</sub> from other sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Results appeared in <em>JAMA Neurology </em>on November 25, 2024.</p>
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||
<p>More than 80,000 people in the study received a dementia diagnosis. The team looked at how dementia diagnoses varied with average PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations over the previous three years. They found that for every 1 μg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in average wildfire PM<sub>2.5</sub>, the odds of receiving a dementia diagnosis increased by 18%. In contrast, a 1 μg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in average PM<sub>2.5</sub> from other sources was associated with only a 1% increase in the odds of a dementia diagnosis.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>The researchers next looked at how these associations varied with age, sex, race/ethnicity, and neighborhood poverty. The association between wildfire PM<sub>2.5</sub> and dementia incidence was stronger among people who were less than 75 years old at baseline compared to those who were 75 and older. People who lived in poorer areas also showed a stronger association between wildfire PM<sub>2.5</sub> and dementia. And the association was stronger among certain minority groups, such as Asian and non-Hispanic Black people.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>The findings suggest that PM<sub>2.5</sub> from wildfires is a greater risk factor for dementia than PM<sub>2.5</sub> from other sources. This risk may be particularly pronounced among socially and economically disadvantaged groups. Interventions that reduce wildfire PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure could potentially reduce dementia incidence. They might also reduce socioeconomic disparities in dementia incidence.</p>
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<p>As the earth’s climate changes, wildfires are becoming a bigger problem. “It’s a global problem,” Casey says. “While individuals can protect themselves with air filters and masks, we need a global solution to climate change. It’s going to have to be many-pronged—many people have to be involved to solve this highly complex problem.” </p>
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<p>—by Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/deaths-associated-pollution-coal-power-plants" target="_top">Deaths Associated with Pollution from Coal Power Plants</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/air-pollution-linked-dementia-cases" target="_top">Air Pollution Linked to Dementia Cases</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/poor-air-quality-across-northeastern-public-transit-systems" target="_top">Poor Air Quality Across Northeastern Public Transit Systems</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/drop-coal-power-plant-emissions-associated-asthma-improvements" target="_top">Drop In Coal Power Plant Emissions Associated with Asthma Improvements</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/air-pollution-associated-worsening-emphysema" target="_top">Air Pollution Associated with Worsening Emphysema</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/air-pollution-associated-increase-nicu-admissions" target="_top">Air Pollution Associated with Increase in NICU Admissions</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/air-pollution-linked-risk-premature-death" target="_top">Air Pollution Linked to Risk of Premature Death</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/09/breathe-easier" target="_top">Breathe Easier: Dealing with Bad Air Quality</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/air-pollution" target="_top">Air Pollution and Your Health</a></li><li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution" target="_top">Particulate Matter (PM) Pollution (EPA)</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39585704/">Wildfire Smoke Exposure and Incident Dementia.</a> Elser H, Frankland TB, Chen C, Tartof SY, Mayeda ER, Lee GS, Northrop AJ, Torres JM, Benmarhnia T, Casey JA. <em>JAMA Neurol</em>. 2024 Nov 25:e244058. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.4058. Online ahead of print. PMID: 39585704.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Institute on Aging (NIA) and National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS).</p>
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Bldg. 31, Rm. 5B52, MSC 2094<br />
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Bethesda, MD 20892-2094</p></div>
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<h3 class="block__title">Popular Stories</h3>
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<div about="/block/research-matters---popular-stori" class="ds-1col entity entity-bean bean-research-matters-block view-mode-default clearfix">
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-can-we-slow-aging">Research in Context: Can we slow aging?</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-changes-observed-during-pregnancy">Brain changes observed during pregnancy</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-detecting-cancer">Research in Context: Detecting cancer</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/risk-future-burden-dementia-united-states">Risk and future burden of dementia in the United States </a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/complete-wiring-map-adult-fruit-fly-brain">Complete wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain</a></p>
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<h3 class="block__title">About NIH Research Matters</h3>
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong>Assistant Editors:</strong> Vicki Contie and Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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<p>ISSN 2375-9593</p>
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