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<h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <a href="/news-events">News & Events</a> » <a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters">NIH Research Matters</a></div> <div class="l-region l-region--section-header">
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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2024-11-26T00:00:00-05:00" class="date-display-single">November 26, 2024</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>How sleep leads to healing after heart attack</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<li>Scientists found that after heart injury, immune cells called monocytes travel to the brain and trigger a deep sleep that promotes recovery in both mice and people.</li>
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<li>The results highlight the importance of quality sleep after a heart attack, although more research is needed to better understand the underlying processes in humans.</li>
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</ul></div><div class="media-float-right"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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<picture title="Mature Latino man sleeping peacefully in bed.">
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<!--[if IE 9]><video style="display: none;"><![endif]-->
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20241126-sleep-heart.jpg?itok=cjXYtinR&timestamp=1732569780 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20241126-sleep-heart.jpg?itok=afHcztHO&timestamp=1732569780 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20241126-sleep-heart.jpg?itok=XhXsigth&timestamp=1732569780 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20241126-sleep-heart.jpg?itok=cNDK_kVL&timestamp=1732569780 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20241126-sleep-heart.jpg?itok=hjIcOP_L&timestamp=1732569780 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]-->
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20241126-sleep-heart.jpg?itok=afHcztHO&timestamp=1732569780" alt="Mature Latino man sleeping peacefully in bed." title="Mature Latino man sleeping peacefully in bed." />
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</picture><span class="caption">The study sheds new light on how sleep helps the body to heal. </span><span class="credit">Krakenimages.com / Shutterstock</span></div>
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</div><p>Many studies in recent years have found links between sleep and heart health, and getting enough sleep has been shown to reduce the risk of heart attack. But less has been known about the role of sleep after a heart attack. It’s been unclear if and how heart damage might trigger changes to sleep patterns. Also unclear is whether such sleep changes might affect inflammation and recovery after heart damage. </p>
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<p>Recent studies suggest that the immune system plays a role in how the brain detects changes in heart physiology. The immune system is known to respond quickly after a heart attack. But how it might transmit information about the heart’s health status to the brain has not been well understood.</p>
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||
<p>To learn more, a team of researchers led by Dr. Cameron S. McAlpine of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai conducted a series of studies in both mice and humans. They examined the interactions between immune cells, the brain’s sleep circuits, and the impact of sleep on how the heart heals after injury. The study, which was funded in part by NIH, was published in <em>Nature </em>on October 30, 2024.</p>
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<p>The researchers first assessed whether heart-related injuries could affect sleep. By studying mouse brainwaves, they found that immediately after a heart attack, mice spent much more time asleep and had a significant increase in deep sleep that lasted for at least a week. Deep sleep, or slow-wave sleep, is thought to be restorative, helping to strengthen tissues and immune function.</p>
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<p>Additional analyses showed that after heart attack, immune cells called monocytes quickly accumulate in the mouse brain. This, in turn, triggers the monocytes to produce a protein called tumor necrosis factor (TNF). TNF then activates sleep-regulating nerve cells in the brain to induce deep sleep and healing. Studies of patients who died from heart attacks likewise showed that monocytes tend to gather in the human brain in the initial days after a heart attack.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>To learn more about the effects of TNF-induced sleep, the researchers interrupted the sleep of some mice after a heart attack. Other mice were left to sleep undisturbed. The mice with poor sleep had worsened cardiac function, increased heart inflammation, and a higher death rate than mice with undisrupted sleep.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>The researchers saw similar outcomes in studies of people. They examined data from about 80 patients with a cardiac condition that reduces blood flow to the heart. People who slept poorly in the following month had twice as many health problems during two years of follow-up than those who had healthy sleep patterns.</p>
|
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<p>Taken together, the findings suggest that heart attacks trigger production of immune cells that rush to the brain, prompt restorative sleep, and aid recovery.</p>
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||
<p>“Our study uncovers new ways in which the heart and brain communicate to regulate sleep and supports including sleep as part of the clinical care of patients after a heart attack,” McAlpine says. “Physicians should inform their patients to prioritize restful sleep during cardiac rehabilitation to help the heart heal and recover after a heart attack.”</p>
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<p>—by Vicki Contie</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/poor-sleep-linked-higher-blood-sugar-levels-african-americans" target="_top">Poor Sleep Linked with Higher Blood Sugar Levels in African Americans </a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/irregular-sleep-patterns-may-raise-risk-heart-disease" target="_top">Irregular Sleep Patterns May Raise Risk of Heart Disease </a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-disrupted-sleep-may-lead-heart-disease" target="_top">How Disrupted Sleep May Lead to Heart Disease </a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/weekend-catch-cant-counter-chronic-sleep-deprivation" target="_top">Weekend Catch-Up Can’t Counter Chronic Sleep Deprivation </a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/04/good-sleep-good-health" target="_top">Good Sleep for Good Health: Get the Rest You Need</a></li><li><a href="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-understanding-sleep" target="_top">Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39478215/">Myocardial infarction augments sleep to limit cardiac inflammation and damage.</a> Huynh P, Hoffmann JD, Gerhardt T, Kiss MG, Zuraikat FM, Cohen O, Wolfram C, Yates AG, Leunig A, Heiser M, Gaebel L, Gianeselli M, Goswami S, Khamhoung A, Downey J, Yoon S, Chen Z, Roudko V, Dawson T, Ferreira da Silva J, Ameral NJ, Morgenroth-Rebin J, D'Souza D, Koekkoek LL, Jacob W, Munitz J, Lee D, Fullard JF, van Leent MMT, Roussos P, Kim-Schulze S, Shah N, Kleinstiver BP, Swirski FK, Leistner D, St-Onge MP, McAlpine CS. <em>Nature.</em> 2024 Nov;635(8037):168-177. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-08100-w. Epub 2024 Oct 30. PMID: 39478215.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute on Aging (NIA), and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS); Cure Alzheimer’s Fund; ISMMS Karen Strauss Cook Research Scholar Award; American Heart Association postdoctoral fellowship; EMBO Long Term Fellowship; Kayden-Lambert MGH Research Scholar Award.</p>
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