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<h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <a href="/news-events">News & Events</a> » <a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters">NIH Research Matters</a></div> <div class="l-region l-region--section-header">
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<div about="/news-events/nih-research-matters/time-restricted-eating-metabolic-syndrome" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document" class="ds-1col node node--nih-research-matters view-mode-full node--full node--nih-research-matters--full clearfix">
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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2024-10-22T00:00:00-04:00" class="date-display-single">October 22, 2024</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Time-restricted eating for metabolic syndrome</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>People with metabolic syndrome who limited their eating to an 8 to 10 hour period each day had modest health benefits after three months.</li>
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<li>Longer-term studies will be needed to better understand the potential benefits and drawbacks of this type of eating strategy for people with metabolic syndrome.</li>
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</ul></div><div class="media-float-right"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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<picture title="Young woman gazing at a salad beside an alarm clock showing 10:45.">
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<!--[if IE 9]><video style="display: none;"><![endif]-->
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20241022-eating-time.jpg?itok=S0ZLjdsU&timestamp=1729599911 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20241022-eating-time.jpg?itok=50ljG2rs&timestamp=1729599911 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20241022-eating-time.jpg?itok=-W5FSNDS&timestamp=1729599911 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20241022-eating-time.jpg?itok=WSiuV7fX&timestamp=1729599911 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20241022-eating-time.jpg?itok=5OBbw-7B&timestamp=1729599911 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]-->
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20241022-eating-time.jpg?itok=50ljG2rs&timestamp=1729599911" alt="Young woman gazing at a salad beside an alarm clock showing 10:45." title="Young woman gazing at a salad beside an alarm clock showing 10:45." />
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</picture><span class="caption">The study adds to growing research suggesting the benefits of intermittent fasting. </span><span class="credit">Kmpzzz / Shutterstock</span></div>
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</div><p>In recent years, there’s been a growing interest in an eating pattern called time-restricted eating, or intermittent fasting. With this approach, eating is limited to about an 8 to 10 hour window of time each day. There’s no calorie counting. Several animal and clinical studies have found evidence that this approach can lead to metabolic improvements, including weight loss and better control of blood glucose, or blood sugar. But the results of clinical trials have been mixed.</p>
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||
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<p>Many previous trials of time-restricted eating focused on people with obesity but no other identified metabolic conditions. In a new study, a research team led by Drs. Satchidananda Panda of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and Pam R. Taub of the University of California, San Diego, decided to look instead at people who have both metabolic syndrome and prediabetes, including those taking medications for those disorders. Metabolic syndrome is a set of conditions that can raise the risk for serious health problems, including heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. Prediabetes occurs when blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be considered diabetes.</p>
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<p>The study included 108 adults—56 women and 52 men. Their average age was around 59. At the start of the study, participants on average ate during an approximately 14-hour time period each day.</p>
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||
<p>All participants were given standard nutritional guidance and asked to track their daily food intake via a smartphone app. Half of the participants were randomly assigned to also follow an 8 to 10 hour eating pattern. Each person’s eating period was based on their normal sleep and eating patterns at the start of the study. Researchers aimed to reduce each person’s eating window by at least four hours. Eating periods began at least one hour after waking and ended at least three hours before sleep.</p>
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<p>At the start of the study and three months later, the scientists measured all participants’ body weight, blood glucose, and other metabolic factors. Results were published on October 1, 2024, in <em>Annals of Internal Medicine.</em></p>
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||
<p>People in the time-restricted eating group showed a modest but statistically significant improvement in their hemoglobin A1C levels, a marker of blood glucose control. This group also had about 3% to 4% reductions in weight, body mass index (BMI), and trunk fat. This type of fat is a risk factor for diabetes and other metabolic diseases. The average weight loss of about 6.6 pounds in the restricted eating group was mainly due to loss of fat and not lean muscle mass, which is a potential problem with weight loss.</p>
|
||
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<p>Although these results are promising, the researchers point out that larger, longer-lasting clinical trials are needed to understand the long-term effects of time-restricted eating.</p>
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<p>“For many patients, metabolic syndrome is the tipping point that leads to serious and chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease,” Taub says. “There is an urgent need for more effective lifestyle interventions that are accessible, affordable, and sustainable for the average American.”</p>
|
||
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||
<p>“Unlike expensive pharmaceuticals [that] require lifetime use, time-restricted eating is a simple lifestyle change that doesn’t cause side effects and can be maintained indefinitely,” says study first author Dr. Emily Manoogian at Salk. “Patients appreciate that they don’t have to change <em>what</em> they eat, just <em>when</em> they eat.”</p>
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<p>—by Vicki Contie</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/intermittent-fasting-weight-loss-people-type-2-diabetes" target="_top">Intermittent Fasting for Weight Loss in People With Type 2 Diabetes</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-obesity-metabolic-health" target="_top">Research in Context: Obesity and Metabolic Health </a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-timing-eating-affects-metabolism-weight-gain" target="_top">How Timing of Eating Affects Metabolism and Weight Gain </a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/daytime-meals-may-reduce-health-risks-night-shift-work" target="_top">Daytime Meals May Reduce Health Risks of Night Shift Work </a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/intermittent-dietary-restriction-may-boost-physical-endurance" target="_top">Intermittent Dietary Restriction May Boost Physical Endurance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/health-effects-diet-mimics-fasting" target="_top">Health Effects of a Diet that Mimics Fasting</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/12/fast-or-not-fast" target="_top">To Fast or Not to Fast: Does When You Eat Matter?</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/04/tick-tock-your-body-clocks" target="_top">Tick Tock, Your Body Clocks: Understanding Your Daily Rhythms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/calorie-restriction-and-fasting-diets-what-do-we-know" target="_top">Calorie Restriction and Fasting Diets: What Do We Know?</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/metabolic-syndrome" target="_top">What Is Metabolic Syndrome?</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/prediabetes-insulin-resistance" target="_top">Insulin Resistance & Prediabetes</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39348690/" title=" A Randomized Controlled Trial.">Time-Restricted Eating in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.</a> Manoogian ENC, Wilkinson MJ, O'Neal M, Laing K, Nguyen J, Van D, Rosander A, Pazargadi A, Gutierrez NR, Fleischer JG, Golshan S, Panda S, Taub PR. Ann Intern Med. 2024 Oct 1. doi: 10.7326/M24-0859. Online ahead of print. PMID: 39348690.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Cancer Institute (NCI), and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS); Larry L. Hillblom Foundation, and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.</p>
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