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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2024-04-30T00:00:00-04:00" class="date-display-single">April 30, 2024</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Green space may improve young children’s mental health</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Researchers found that young children (2 to 5 years old) living in areas with more green spaces had fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression.</li>
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<li>The results suggest that kids’ access to green space may influence certain mental health risks.</li>
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</ul></div><div class="media-float-right"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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<picture title="AI-generated young children tending to plants in a community garden.">
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/news-releases/2024/20240430-children.jpeg?itok=nxMIiwgh&timestamp=1714408330 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/news-releases/2024/20240430-children.jpeg?itok=Vex0p4u3&timestamp=1714408330 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/news-releases/2024/20240430-children.jpeg?itok=TsmhzU62&timestamp=1714408330 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/news-releases/2024/20240430-children.jpeg?itok=0pqtqNsC&timestamp=1714408330 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/news-releases/2024/20240430-children.jpeg?itok=oOyP2-Dk&timestamp=1714408330 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/news-releases/2024/20240430-children.jpeg?itok=Vex0p4u3&timestamp=1714408330" alt="AI-generated young children tending to plants in a community garden." title="AI-generated young children tending to plants in a community garden." />
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</picture><span class="caption">Better mental health among young children may be one of the many benefits of outdoor activities in parks, gardens, and other green spaces. </span><span class="credit">Keitma / Adobe Stock</span></div>
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</div><p>Mental health problems affect millions of children in the U.S., and some have recently been on the rise. The symptoms of mental health disorders fall into two categories: internalizing (staying within) and externalizing (acting out). Examples of internalizing symptoms include anxiety and depression. Examples of externalizing symptoms are aggression and rule breaking.</p>
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<p>Evidence suggests that exposure to green space is associated with improved mood and reduced risk of mental disorders. But most research has been limited to one or a few cities at a time and has focused on adolescent and adult health. Few studies have looked at whether green space is associated with mental health symptoms in children.</p>
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||
<p>A team of researchers from NIH’s Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program led by Dr. Nissa Towe-Goodman at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, aimed to address this gap. They studied more than 2,000 children born between 2007 and 2013 and living in almost 200 counties across 41 states.</p>
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||
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||
<p>The team used satellite imagery to estimate live vegetation density up to three-quarters of a mile around each child’s home. Parents reported the children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms using standard checklists. The researchers looked for associations between green space and symptoms in early childhood (ages 2 to 5 years) and middle childhood (ages 6 to 11 years). Results appeared in <em>JAMA Network Open </em>on April 10, 2024.</p>
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||
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||
<p>Green space around the home was associated with fewer internalizing and externalizing symptoms during early childhood. For internalizing symptoms, the association remained strong after accounting for the child’s sex, prematurity, parent education, age at birth, and neighborhood socioeconomic vulnerability. For externalizing symptoms, accounting for these factors, particularly neighborhood socioeconomic vulnerability, reduced the association with green space.</p>
|
||
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<p>No relationships were found between green space and any symptoms during middle childhood. The researchers suggest this may be because children in this age range spend more time at school and less at home.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>The results suggest that improving access to green spaces might be good for children’s mental health nationwide. Ways to do this include parks, urban forest programs, and protected natural areas. The researchers recommend further research to confirm whether increasing access to green space leads to better mental health in children.</p>
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||
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<p>“Our research supports existing evidence that being in nature is good for kids,” Towe-Goodman says. “It also suggests that the early childhood years are a crucial time for exposure to green spaces.”</p>
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<p>—by Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/social-safety-nets-may-blunt-effects-poverty-children-s-mental-health" target="_top">Social Safety Nets May Blunt Effects of Poverty on Children’s Mental Health</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/factors-affect-depression-risk" target="_top">Factors That Affect Depression Risk</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/infant-temperament-predicts-introversion-adulthood" target="_top">Infant Temperament Predicts Introversion in Adulthood</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/physical-activity-helps-reduce-depression-symptoms" target="_top">Physical Activity May Reduce Depression Symptoms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/low-levels-lead-linked-problems-children" target="_top">Low Levels of Lead Linked to Problems in Children</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/01/shake-it-off" target="_top">Shake it Off: Boosting Your Mood</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/child-and-adolescent-mental-health" target="_top">Child and Adolescent Mental Health</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/echo" target="_top">Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38598238/">Green Space and Internalizing or Externalizing Symptoms Among Children.</a> Towe-Goodman N, McArthur KL, Willoughby M, Swingler MM, Wychgram C, Just AC, Kloog I, Bennett DH, Berry D, Hazlehurst MF, James P, Jimenez MP, Lai JS, Leve LD, Gatzke-Kopp L, Schweitzer JB, Bekelman TA, Calub C, Carnell S, Deoni S, D'Sa V, Kelly C, Koinis-Mitchell D, Petriello M, Thapaliya G, Wright RJ, Zhang X, Kress AM; Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes program collaborators. <em>JAMA Netw Open</em>. 2024 Apr 1;7(4):e245742. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.5742.PMID: 38598238.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s Office of the Director (OD) and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS).</p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-can-we-slow-aging">Research in Context: Can we slow aging?</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-changes-observed-during-pregnancy">Brain changes observed during pregnancy</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/risk-future-burden-dementia-united-states">Risk and future burden of dementia in the United States </a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/complete-wiring-map-adult-fruit-fly-brain">Complete wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain</a></p>
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong>Assistant Editors:</strong> Vicki Contie and Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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