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<h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <a href="/news-events">News & Events</a> » <a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters">NIH Research Matters</a></div> <div class="l-region l-region--section-header">
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<div about="/news-events/nih-research-matters/gut-bacteria-may-reduce-cholesterol-lower-heart-disease-risk" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document" class="ds-1col node node--nih-research-matters view-mode-full node--full node--nih-research-matters--full clearfix">
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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2024-04-16T00:00:00-04:00" class="date-display-single">April 16, 2024</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Gut bacteria may reduce cholesterol and lower heart disease risk</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Researchers pinpointed gut bacteria that affect levels of cholesterol and other compounds linked to heart disease.</li>
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<li>The findings suggest that the risk of heart disease might be lowered with strategies to alter the levels of specific gut bacteria.</li>
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</ul></div><div class="media-float-right"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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<picture title="A young woman and older man preparing a salad.">
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<!--[if IE 9]><video style="display: none;"><![endif]-->
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20240416-cholesterol.jpeg?itok=0Jt-mXV_&timestamp=1713276380 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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||
<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20240416-cholesterol.jpeg?itok=Csc2gBhe&timestamp=1713276380 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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||
<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20240416-cholesterol.jpeg?itok=DfuJLcZY&timestamp=1713276380 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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||
<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20240416-cholesterol.jpeg?itok=FQ959BAh&timestamp=1713276380 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
|
||
<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20240416-cholesterol.jpeg?itok=yFC8X07e&timestamp=1713276380 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]-->
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20240416-cholesterol.jpeg?itok=Csc2gBhe&timestamp=1713276380" alt="A young woman and older man preparing a salad." title="A young woman and older man preparing a salad." />
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||
</picture><span class="caption">A healthy diet can help lower cholesterol and the risk for heart disease. New research shows that certain gut microbes can affect your risk, too. </span><span class="credit">forenna / Adobe Stock</span></div>
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||
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||
</div><p>Different people have different resident microbes in and on their bodies. The trillions of microbes in the human intestines influence not just digestion and gut health, but how organs throughout the body function. Levels of certain microbes in the gut have been associated with the risk of health conditions like diabetes, liver disease, and cancer.</p>
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||
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||
<p>Scientists have thought that certain gut microbes may also play a role in cardiovascular disease (CVD). But which microbes might affect the risk of CVD—and how they might do this—has been unclear. Much remains unknown about how gut microbes process, or metabolize, compounds like cholesterol that affect CVD risk.</p>
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||
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||
<p>In a new study, funded in part by NIH, researchers led by Dr. Ramnik Xavier from the Broad Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard studied bacteria in the stool of more than 1,400 people participating in the Framingham Heart Study, a long-term study of heart health.</p>
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||
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||
<p>The team analyzed the bacterial genomes (the complete sets of genes) in the stool samples. They also studied blood samples and cardiovascular health measurements from the participants to identify microbes and metabolic pathways that are associated with CVD. The results were published on April 2, 2024, in <em>Cell</em>.</p>
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||
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||
<p>The researchers identified several species of bacteria whose levels were associated with blood markers of CVD. Such markers included cholesterol, triglyceride, and blood glucose levels.</p>
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<div class="media-float-right"><div class="media media-element-container media-floated_media"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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<picture title="Microscope image of green, rod-shaped Oscillibacter bacteria." class="media-element">
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<!--[if IE 9]><video style="display: none;"><![endif]-->
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20240416-cholesterol-paper-orig.jpg?itok=XFK9yZCN&timestamp=1713199149 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)"></source>
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||
<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20240416-cholesterol-paper-orig.jpg?itok=Q7906GKB&timestamp=1713199149 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)"></source>
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20240416-cholesterol-paper-orig.jpg?itok=S22ZcESe&timestamp=1713199149 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)"></source>
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||
<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20240416-cholesterol-paper-orig.jpg?itok=cx2mVAtn&timestamp=1713199149 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)"></source>
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||
<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20240416-cholesterol-paper-orig.jpg?itok=wFQ0IiMy&timestamp=1713199149 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)"></source>
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||
<!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]-->
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||
<img class="media-element" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2024/20240416-cholesterol-paper-orig.jpg?itok=Q7906GKB&timestamp=1713199149" alt="Microscope image of green, rod-shaped Oscillibacter bacteria." title="Microscope image of green, rod-shaped Oscillibacter bacteria." />
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||
</picture><span class="caption">Oscillibacter bacteria take up fluorescently labeled cholesterol (here shown in green). </span><span class="credit">Ahmed Mohamed</span></div>
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</div></div>
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||
<p>Higher levels of one group of bacteria called <em>Oscillibacter</em> were strongly associated with lower levels of cholesterol, both in the stool and the blood. <em>Oscillibacter</em> were also linked with other blood markers of reduced CVD risk, such as lower triglycerides and glucose and higher HDL (high-density lipoprotein).</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>The reductions in cholesterol by <em>Oscillibacter</em> appeared to be related to genes for enzymes that break down cholesterol in the intestines. This might lead to less cholesterol making its way into the bloodstream.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>To confirm that <em>Oscillibacte</em>r could process cholesterol, the researchers grew several <em>Oscillibacter</em> strains from the stool samples and then fed them cholesterol. The bacteria took up the cholesterol and broke it down into smaller molecules that don’t raise the risk of CVD.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>The team identified enzymes from other bacteria that were also associated with lower cholesterol levels. A detailed knowledge of the microbes and metabolic pathways that affect CVD risk may eventually lead to personalized therapies that manipulate gut bacteria.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>“Our research integrates findings from human subjects with experimental validation to ensure we achieve actionable mechanistic insight that will serve as starting points to improve cardiovascular health,” Xavier says.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>—by Sharon Reynolds</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/gut-microbes-may-affect-motivation-exercise" target="_top">Gut Microbes May Affect Motivation to Exercise</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/covid-19-disrupts-gut-microbiome" target="_top">COVID-19 Disrupts Gut Microbiome</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/gut-bacteria-may-contribute-abnormal-blood-vessel-formation" target="_top">Gut Bacteria May Contribute to Abnormal Blood Vessel Formation</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/gut-microbe-drives-autoimmunity" target="_top">Gut Microbe Drives Autoimmunity</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/when-hdl-cholesterol-doesnt-protect-against-heart-disease" target="_top">When HDL Cholesterol Doesn’t Protect Against Heart Disease</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/gut-microbe-provokes-release-inflammatory-substance" target="_top">Gut Microbe Provokes Release of Inflammatory Substance</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/08/your-bodys-bugs" target="_top">Your Body’s Bugs: Nurturing Healthy Microbes</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/science/microbiome" target="_top">The Microbiome</a></li><li><a href="https://hmpdacc.org" target="_top">NIH Human Microbiome Project</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-cholesterol" target="_top">Blood Cholesterol</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/science/framingham-heart-study-fhs" target="_top">Framingham Heart Study</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38569543/">Gut microbiome and metabolome profiling in Framingham heart study reveals cholesterol-metabolizing bacteria.</a> Li C, Stražar M, Mohamed AMT, Pacheco JA, Walker RL, Lebar T, Zhao S, Lockart J, Dame A, Thurimella K, Jeanfavre S, Brown EM, Ang QY, Berdy B, Sergio D, Invernizzi R, Tinoco A, Pishchany G, Vasan RS, Balskus E, Huttenhower C, Vlamakis H, Clish C, Shaw SY, Plichta DR, Xavier RJ. <em>Cell</em>. 2024 Apr 11;187(8):1834-1852.e19. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.014. Epub 2024 Apr 2. PMID: 38569543.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics.</p>
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