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<h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <a href="/news-events">News & Events</a> » <a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters">NIH Research Matters</a></div> <div class="l-region l-region--section-header">
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<div about="/news-events/nih-research-matters/potential-blood-test-parkinson-s-disease" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document" class="ds-1col node node--nih-research-matters view-mode-full node--full node--nih-research-matters--full clearfix">
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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2023-09-19T00:00:00-04:00" class="date-display-single">September 19, 2023</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>A potential blood test for Parkinson’s disease </h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>A blood test that measures damage to cells’ mitochondria was able to distinguish people with Parkinson’s disease from those without.</li>
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<li>Such a test may be able to identify people with Parkinson’s who might benefit from studies of new treatments to reverse mitochondrial damage.</li>
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</ul></div><div class="media-float-right"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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<picture title="Senior man with a walker and a younger woman strolling outdoors in an urban park.">
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2023/20230919-pd.jpg?itok=ylXwEA2H&timestamp=1695065637 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2023/20230919-pd.jpg?itok=SGAwhQIL&timestamp=1695065637 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2023/20230919-pd.jpg?itok=3Bq0Sc0O&timestamp=1695065637 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2023/20230919-pd.jpg?itok=jY4s830I&timestamp=1695065637 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2023/20230919-pd.jpg?itok=8qDHbigQ&timestamp=1695065637 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]-->
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2023/20230919-pd.jpg?itok=SGAwhQIL&timestamp=1695065637" alt="Senior man with a walker and a younger woman strolling outdoors in an urban park." title="Senior man with a walker and a younger woman strolling outdoors in an urban park." />
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</picture><span class="caption">Researchers have been working to develop blood tests to diagnose Parkinson’s disease early, when damage might still be preventable.</span><span class="credit">Halfpoint / Shutterstock</span></div>
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</div><p>In Parkinson’s disease, neurons that normally produce a compound called dopamine start to die in the part of the brain that controls movement. This eventually leads to symptoms such as shaking, stiffness, and difficulty with balance and coordination.</p>
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||
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||
<p>Some drugs used to treat the condition boost dopamine levels. These can relieve symptoms for a while, but they don’t slow progression of the disease and eventually stop working. New treatments for Parkinson’s disease are badly needed.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>The lack of simple blood tests to diagnose Parkinson’s disease early, before extensive damage occurs, has hampered drug development. Recent research has suggested that Parkinson’s disease is likely a group of disorders with different causes, which end up causing similar damage but may need different treatments.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>One likely cause of Parkinson’s disease in some people is damage to neurons’ mitochondria—the structures within cells that produce energy. To effectively test drugs that boost mitochondrial function, an assay to identify people whose disease is driven by mitochondrial damage would be needed.</p>
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||
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||
<p>In a new study, an NIH-funded research team led by Dr. Laurie Sanders from Duke University developed a blood test to detect damage to the DNA in mitochondria, called mtDNA. They built their test, which they call Mito DNA<sub>DX</sub>, on polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, technology. Results were published on August 30, 2023, in <em>Science Translational Medicine</em>.</p>
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||
<p>Initial results showed that Mito DNA<sub>DX</sub> could detect mtDNA damage that more conventional assays could not. The test then found that mtDNA damage was elevated in cells taken from the blood of people with Parkinson’s disease compared with people without the condition.</p>
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|
||
<p>Mito DNA<sub>DX</sub> detected mtDNA damage both in people with a rare genetic mutation known to cause Parkinson’s and in those with the disease who didn’t have any known genetic risk factors. It worked whether or not people were currently taking medications to treat Parkinson’s. The test results were also consistent over time. Finally, the researchers calculated a cutoff value for mtDNA damage that effectively separated people with Parkinson’s disease from healthy volunteers.</p>
|
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|
||
<p>Further experiments showed that the abnormal activity of a protein called LRRK2 kinase increased levels of mtDNA damage. Decreasing abnormal LRRK2 activity is currently a target of drug development for Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, Mito DNA<sub>DX</sub> might be used to monitor treatment effects in real time.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>“Our hope is that this assay could not only diagnose Parkinson’s disease, but also identify drugs that reverse or halt mitochondrial DNA damage and the disease process,” Sanders says. “This disease takes a terrible toll on people, and we are still just treating the symptoms. It’s important to get new, effective treatments over the finish line.”</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Further research is needed to validate the test in larger, more diverse populations. Longer-term studies are also needed to see if mtDNA damage changes as Parkinson’s disease progresses. In addition, mtDNA damage is not unique to Parkinson’s disease. Researchers are working on other ways to diagnose and track Parkinson’s disease that may prove to be more specific for the disease.</p>
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<p>—by Sharon Reynolds</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/night-breathing-patterns-identify-people-parkinson-s-disease" target="_top">Night Breathing Patterns Identify People with Parkinson’s Disease</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/test-distinguishes-parkinsons-disease-related-condition" target="_top">Test Distinguishes Parkinson’s Disease from Related Condition</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/tracking-spread-parkinsons-proteins-gut-brain" target="_top">Tracking the Spread of Parkinson’s Proteins from Gut to Brain</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/adaptive-deep-brain-stimulation-parkinsons-disease" target="_top">Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/water-changes-mark-parkinsons-disease-progression" target="_top">Water Changes Mark Parkinson’s Disease Progression</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/study-details-process-involved-parkinsons-disease" target="_top">Study Details Process Involved in Parkinson’s Disease</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/insights-into-mutations-cause-parkinsons-disease" target="_top">Insights into Mutations That Cause Parkinson’s Disease</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/04/progress-parkinsons" target="_top">Progress in Parkinson’s</a></li><li><a href="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/parkinsons-disease" target="_top">Parkinson's Disease</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/parkinsons-disease" target="_top">Parkinson’s Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37647388/">A blood-based marker of mitochondrial DNA damage in Parkinson's disease.</a> Qi R, Sammler E, Gonzalez-Hunt CP, Barraza I, Pena N, Rouanet JP, Naaldijk Y, Goodson S, Fuzzati M, Blandini F, Erickson KI, Weinstein AM, Lutz MW, Kwok JB, Halliday GM, Dzamko N, Padmanabhan S, Alcalay RN, Waters C, Hogarth P, Simuni T, Smith D, Marras C, Tonelli F, Alessi DR, West AB, Shiva S, Hilfiker S, Sanders LH. <em>Sci Transl Med</em>. 2023 Aug 30;15(711):eabo1557. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo1557. Epub 2023 Aug 30. PMID: 37647388.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Institute on Aging (NIA) and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research; Mitochondria, Aging and Metabolism Seed Grant Program; William N. and Bernice E. Bumpus Foundation; UKRI Medical Research Council; Scottish Government Health Directorates Chief Scientist Office; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia; Busch Biomedical Grant Program.</p>
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