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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2022-06-14T00:00:00-04:00" class="date-display-single">June 14, 2022</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Improved dietary supplement for age-related macular degeneration</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Replacing a component of a dietary supplement for treating age-related macular degeneration improved its safety and efficacy over a 10-year period.</li>
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<li>The results demonstrate the merits of the supplement formulation, called AREDS2.</li>
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</ul></div><div class="media-float-right"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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<picture title="Two children obstructed by black splotch in center.">
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<!--[if IE 9]><video style="display: none;"><![endif]-->
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2022/20220614-amd.jpg?itok=m84_R817&timestamp=1655212210 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2022/20220614-amd.jpg?itok=hU-vaDeJ&timestamp=1655212210 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2022/20220614-amd.jpg?itok=WqbVnTfJ&timestamp=1655212210 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2022/20220614-amd.jpg?itok=LLqDUNXe&timestamp=1655212210 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2022/20220614-amd.jpg?itok=PbO4LocN&timestamp=1655212210 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]-->
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2022/20220614-amd.jpg?itok=hU-vaDeJ&timestamp=1655212210" alt="Two children obstructed by black splotch in center." title="Two children obstructed by black splotch in center." />
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</picture><span class="caption">A scene as someone with age-related macular degeneration might see it.</span><span class="credit">NEI</span></div>
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</div><p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disease of the eye that is the most common cause of blindness in older Americans. The first Age-Related Eye Diseases Study (AREDS), conducted from 1996 to 2001, showed that a dietary supplement could slow the progression of AMD. The AREDS supplement contained a mixture of antioxidant vitamins, including vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene, as well as zinc and copper. But other studies showed that beta-carotene increased the risk of lung cancer in people who smoked.</p>
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<p>A <a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/refining-supplements-blinding-eye-disease">second AREDS study</a>, AREDS2, began in 2006 and ran for five years. This study looked at the effects of adding two other antioxidants, lutein and zeaxanthin, to the original AREDS supplement. It also looked at the effects of removing beta-carotene. Beta-carotene, it found, doubled the risk of lung cancer, particularly in people who used to smoke. (Beta-carotene was not given to people who smoked during AREDS2.) Adding lutein and zeaxanthin did not affect lung cancer risk while still reducing the risk of AMD progression</p>
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<p>Even after AREDS2, questions remained about the long-term effects of the new supplement. The researchers wanted to know if the increased risk of lung cancer from beta-carotene lasted after the study ended. They also wanted to know if adding lutein and zeaxanthin provided a long-term benefit over the original supplement. To answer these questions, a team led by Dr. Emily Chew of NIH’s National Eye Institute (NEI) followed up with more than 90% of AREDS2 participants for five more years. The results appeared in <em>JAMA Ophthalmology </em>on June 2, 2022.</p>
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||
<p>The follow-up study showed no effect of lutein and zeaxanthin on lung cancer risk. After the end of the initial study, almost all the participants switched to the AREDS2 supplement without beta-carotene. But by the end of the follow-up, those who had taken beta-carotene still had nearly twice the risk of lung cancer as those who hadn't.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>Lutein and zeaxanthin were also more effective than beta-carotene at preventing AMD progression. Replacing beta-carotene with lutein and zeaxanthin reduced the risk of AMD progression by 15%.</p>
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<p>The findings show that the AREDS2 supplement is safe and effective for long-term use. “These results confirmed that switching our formula from beta-carotene to lutein and zeaxanthin was the right choice,” Chew says. “Not only is the new formula safer, it’s actually better at slowing AMD progression.”</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/repurposing-drugs-treat-age-related-macular-degeneration" target="_top">Repurposing Drugs to Treat Age-Related Macular Degeneration</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/lab-made-eye-cells-restore-vision-mice" target="_top">Lab-Made Eye Cells Restore Vision in Mice</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/patch-replaces-damaged-retinal-cells" target="_top">Patch Replaces Damaged Retinal Cells</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-diet-may-affect-age-related-macular-degeneration" target="_top">How Diet May Affect Age-Related Macular Degeneration</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/long-term-benefits-age-related-macular-degeneration-treatments" target="_top">Long-Term Benefits of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/refining-supplements-blinding-eye-disease" target="_top">Refining Supplements for a Blinding Eye Disease</a></li><li><a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2015/05/keep-your-vision-healthy" target="_top">Keep Your Vision Healthy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/age-related-macular-degeneration" target="_top">Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nei.nih.gov/research/clinical-trials/age-related-eye-disease-studies-aredsareds2" target="_top">Age-Related Eye Disease Studies (AREDS/AREDS2)</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35653117/">Long-term Outcomes of Adding Lutein/Zeaxanthin and ω-3 Fatty Acids to the AREDS Supplements on Age-Related Macular Degeneration Progression: AREDS2 Report 28.</a> Chew EY, Clemons TE, Agrón E, Domalpally A, Keenan TDL, Vitale S, Weber C, Smith DC, Christen W; AREDS2 Research Group. <em>JAMA Ophthalmol.</em> 2022 Jun 2. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.1640. Online ahead of print. PMID: 35653117.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Eye Institute (NEI), National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); Research to Prevent Blindness.</p>
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Bldg. 31, Rm. 5B52, MSC 2094<br />
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Bethesda, MD 20892-2094</p></div>
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<h3 class="block__title">Popular Stories</h3>
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<div about="/block/research-matters---popular-stori" class="ds-1col entity entity-bean bean-research-matters-block view-mode-default clearfix">
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-can-we-slow-aging">Research in Context: Can we slow aging?</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-changes-observed-during-pregnancy">Brain changes observed during pregnancy</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-detecting-cancer">Research in Context: Detecting cancer</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/risk-future-burden-dementia-united-states">Risk and future burden of dementia in the United States </a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/complete-wiring-map-adult-fruit-fly-brain">Complete wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain</a></p>
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<h3 class="block__title">About NIH Research Matters</h3>
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong>Assistant Editors:</strong> Vicki Contie and Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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<p>ISSN 2375-9593</p>
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