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<h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <a href="/news-events">News & Events</a> » <a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters">NIH Research Matters</a></div> <div class="l-region l-region--section-header">
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<div about="/news-events/nih-research-matters/antiviral-drug-shows-promise-against-covid-19-rsv" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document" class="ds-1col node node--nih-research-matters view-mode-full node--full node--nih-research-matters--full clearfix">
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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2021-12-14T00:00:00-05:00" class="date-display-single">December 14, 2021</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Antiviral drug shows promise against COVID-19 and RSV</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>A drug called 4’-fluorouridine effectively treated both COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, in animals.</li>
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<li>The compound can be given in pill form once a day, making it a promising candidate for a treatment that could be given outside hospital settings.</li>
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</ul></div><div class="media-float-right"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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<picture title="3D rendering of different types of viruses">
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<!--[if IE 9]><video style="display: none;"><![endif]-->
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2021/202211214-virus.jpg?itok=9s_mGaj8&timestamp=1639423879 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2021/202211214-virus.jpg?itok=UzK4voNn&timestamp=1639423879 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2021/202211214-virus.jpg?itok=cLrJ-jcI&timestamp=1639423879 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2021/202211214-virus.jpg?itok=iC9Z7syZ&timestamp=1639423879 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2021/202211214-virus.jpg?itok=RyJBxnjL&timestamp=1639423879 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]-->
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2021/202211214-virus.jpg?itok=UzK4voNn&timestamp=1639423879" alt="3D rendering of different types of viruses" title="3D rendering of different types of viruses" />
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</picture><span class="caption">Scientists are working to develop antiviral compounds that could be effective against a range of different kinds of viruses. </span><span class="credit">CROCOTHERY / Shutterstock</span></div>
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</div><p>Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, have saved hundreds of thousands of lives in the U.S. alone. But treatment options for COVID-19 are limited. One antiviral drug has been approved by the FDA to date, remdesivir. It can shorten recovery time for patients hospitalized with COVID-19. However, remdesivir needs to be given intravenously and has limited use. Other antiviral drugs are in development, including one called molnupiravir, which can be taken orally and is currently under review by the FDA for emergency use authorization.</p>
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<p>Other antiviral drugs to treat COVID-19, especially ones available as pills to take at home, are urgently needed. The development of antivirals that could also be used to treat other serious respiratory infections, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), is a priority as well. RSV infections hospitalize almost a quarter of a million young children and older adults every year in the U.S. There are currently no effective drugs for treating RSV.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>A research team led by Dr. Richard Plemper from Georgia State University has been searching for broad-spectrum antivirals. These are drugs that can inhibit many different types of viruses. If a broad-spectrum antiviral were approved for human use, it could potentially be used quickly to help fight future pandemics.</p>
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||
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||
<p>The researchers have been testing whether drugs related to molnupiravir might be able to serve as broad-spectrum antivirals. They began with molnupiravir because it is active against RSV as well as SARS-CoV-2. In a new study, they focused on one related compound called 4’-fluorouridine, or 4’-FIU.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>The work was funded by NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Results were published on December 2, 2021, in <em>Science</em>.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>In studies in cells, 4’-FIU interfered with the ability of RSV to copy itself without altering the metabolism of the cells. It also interfered with SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as infection by several other viruses with pandemic potential, such as avian influenza.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Further experiments showed that 4’-FIU works by stalling the proteins that RSV and SARS-CoV-2 use to copy themselves. This type of protein, called an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), is used by many types of virus.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>In human airway organoids—3-D models of human lung tissue—4’-FIU treatment after RSV infection almost eliminated the virus from airway cells. Based on these results, the team next tested the drug in animals.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>When mice were given the drug either a day before or up to a day after infection with RSV, viral replication in the lungs was reduced and pneumonia didn’t occur. Similar results were seen in ferrets infected with SARS-CoV-2, including the alpha, gamma, and delta variants. When 4’-FIU was given 12 hours after infection, the amount of virus found in the nose was reduced by almost three orders of magnitude. Shedding of infectious virus particles ceased completely by 3 days after infection.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>“There is an urgent need to expand the therapeutic arsenal against SARS-CoV-2, and 4’-FIU has strong potential to become an additional therapeutic option,” Plemper says.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>4’-FIU could potentially be given as a pill once a day, making it an attractive candidate for treatment outside a hospital setting. Early studies of the safety of 4’-FlU in people are now being planned.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>—by Sharon Reynolds</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/measuring-protection-after-covid-19-vaccination" target="_top">Measuring Protection After COVID-19 Vaccination</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/potential-oral-treatment-covid-19-identified" target="_top">Potential Oral Treatment for COVID-19 Identified</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/oral-antiviral-drug-effective-against-covid-19-hamsters" target="_top">Oral Antiviral Drug Effective Against COVID-19 in Hamsters</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/final-report-confirms-remdesivir-benefits-covid-19" target="_top">Final Report Confirms Remdesivir Benefits for COVID-19</a></li><li><a href="https://covid19.nih.gov/" target="_top">Coronavirus (COVID-19)</a></li><li><a href="https://www.coronaviruspreventionnetwork.org/" target="_top">Coronavirus Prevention Network</a></li><li><a href="https://www.coronavirus.gov/" target="_top">Coronavirus (COVID-19) (CDC)</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34855509/">4'-Fluorouridine is an oral antiviral that blocks respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2 replication.</a> Sourimant J, Lieber CM, Aggarwal M, Cox RM, Wolf JD, Yoon JJ, Toots M, Ye C, Sticher Z, Kolykhalov AA, Martinez-Sobrido L, Bluemling GR, Natchus MG, Painter GR, Plemper RK. <em>Science</em>. 2021 Dec 2:eabj5508. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34855509.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).</p>
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NIH Research Matters<br />
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-can-we-slow-aging">Research in Context: Can we slow aging?</a></p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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