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<div about="/news-events/nih-research-matters/2012-research-highlights-promising-medical-advances" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document" class="ds-1col node node--nih-research-matters view-mode-full node--full node--nih-research-matters--full clearfix">
<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2012-12-31T00:00:00-05:00" class="date-display-single">December 31, 2012</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>2012 Research Highlights — Promising Medical Advances</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>Findings with Potential for Enhancing Human Health</h3>
<p>NIH conducts and funds wide-ranging research to improve the nation's health. With NIH support, scientists across the country and around the world uncover basic biomedical advances and conduct the clinical and translational research that transforms discoveries into medical practice. Groundbreaking NIH-funded research often receives top scientific honors. In 2012, these honors included the Nobel Prize in chemistry and several Lasker awards. Here is just a small sampling of the research accomplishments made by NIH-supported scientists in 2012.</p>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Oocyte." title="Oocyte" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2012/20120305-egg.jpg?itok=j3KCRiO2" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/egg-producing-stem-cells-found-women">Egg-Producing Stem Cells Found in Women</a></h4>
<p class="teaser-description">Researchers long believed that women are born with a fixed number of young egg cells, or oocytes, that must last through their reproductive years. NIH-supported scientists were able to isolate egg-producing stem cells from the ovaries of women and observe these cells giving rise to oocytes. The finding may point the way toward improved treatments for female infertility. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22366948" title="PubMed Abstract: Oocyte formation by mitotically active germ cells purified from ovaries of reproductive-age women.">PubMed Abstract »</a></p>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Woman holding a crumpled tissue." title="Woman holding a crumpled tissue" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2012/20120827-flu-cropped.jpg?itok=jQ0S_3h2" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/antibodies-protect-against-range-flu-viruses">Antibodies Protect Against Range of Flu Viruses</a></h4>
<p class="teaser-description">Scientists isolated antibodies that protect mice against a variety of lethal influenza B viruses. One of them also guards against influenza A viruses. A universal influenza vaccine—one effective against multiple strains for several years—would have an enormous impact on public health. This NIH-funded accomplishment points the way toward approaches to combat all influenza A and B viruses. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22878502" title="PubMed Abstract: Highly conserved protective epitopes on influenza B viruses.">PubMed Abstract »</a></p>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Confocal micrograph of several cells." title="Confocal micrograph of several cells" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2012/20120723-cancer.jpg?itok=gcCCJ8n4" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/neighbors-help-cancer-cells-resist-treatment">Neighbors Help Cancer Cells Resist Treatment</a></h4>
<p class="teaser-description">Drugs designed to target unique tumor proteins hold great promise for cancer treatment. However, many tumors become resistant to treatment over time. NIH-supported researchers showed that surrounding cells can help tumors develop resistance to drugs. The finding may change the way researchers approach the treatment of many cancers. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Tumour%20micro-environment%20elicits%20innate%20resistance%20to%20RAF%20inhibitors%20through%20HGF%20secretion" title="PubMed Abstract: Tumour micro-environment elicits innate resistance to RAF inhibitors through HGF secretion.">PubMed Abstract »</a></p>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Human eye." title="Human eye" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2012/20120827-sight.jpg?itok=DRdVs-D-" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/retinal-device-restores-sight-mice">Retinal Device Restores Sight in Mice</a></h4>
<p class="teaser-description">Researchers funded by NIH developed a new prosthetic technique that can restore vision to blind mice. The approach could potentially be further developed to improve sight in blind people. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Retinal%20prosthetic%20strategy%20with%20the%20capacity%20to%20restore%20normal%20vision" title="PubMed Abstract: Retinal prosthetic strategy with the capacity to restore normal vision.">PubMed Abstract »</a></p>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="A young girl." title="A young girl" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2012/20120423-malaria.jpg?itok=b-suvxRL" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/clues-emerging-drug-resistant-malaria">Clues to Emerging Drug-Resistant Malaria</a></h4>
<p class="teaser-description">Malaria kills more than a half million people and infects over 200 million each year. An international team of scientists reported that a first-line treatment for malaria is losing its effectiveness in parts of Asia. They also found regions of the parasites genome that seem to underlie its drug resistance. The NIH-supported studies may offer clues to help block the spread of hard-to-treat malaria.<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22484134">PubMed Abstract: Emergence of artemisinin-resistant malaria on the western border of Thailand: a longitudinal study »</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22491853">PubMed Abstract: A major genome region underlying artemisinin resistance in malaria »</a></p>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="pill box." title="Pill box" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2012/20120319-transplants.jpg?itok=CR7tfWhv" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/organ-transplants-without-life-long-drugs">Organ Transplants Without Life-Long Drugs</a></h4>
<p class="teaser-description">An experimental method allowed kidney transplant recipients to eventually stop taking harsh immune-suppressing medications, even though theyd received mismatched organs. The findings from this NIH-supported study may one day reduce the need for anti-rejection drugs and lead to more options for patients awaiting organ transplants. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22399264" title="PubMed Abstract: Chimerism and tolerance without GVHD or engraftment syndrome in HLA-mismatched combined kidney and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.">PubMed Abstract »</a></p>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Confocal micrograph of green and pink patches of cells." title="Confocal micrograph of green and pink patches of cells" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2012/20120827-heart.jpg?itok=sz2b8-vQ" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/implanted-heart-cells-stifle-irregular-rhythms">Implanted Heart Cells Stifle Irregular Rhythms</a></h4>
<p class="teaser-description">Heart cells derived from human stem cells can protect injured guinea pig hearts against abnormal rhythms, according to a study partly funded by NIH. Similar heart cell transplants might one day hold promise for treating damaged human hearts. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22864415" title="PubMed Abstract: Human ES-cell-derived cardiomyocytes electrically couple and suppress arrhythmias in injured hearts.">PubMed Abstract »</a></p>
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<img height="150" width="150" alt="Scanning electron micrograph of cilia." title="Scanning electron micrograph of cilia" class="media-element file-thumbnail" typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/news-events/research-matters/2012/20121001-smell.jpg?itok=2kqDoSbC" /> </div>
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<h4 class="teaser-title"><a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters/gene-therapy-restores-sense-smell-mice">Gene Therapy Restores Sense of Smell in Mice</a></h4>
<p class="teaser-description">Mice that were unable to smell from birth gained the ability to smell when NIH-funded researchers used gene therapy to regrow structures called cilia on cells that detect odor. The approach might one day lead to treatments for related human genetic disorders. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Gene%20therapy%20rescues%20cilia%20defects%20and%20restores%20olfactory%20function%20in%20a%20mammalian%20ciliopathy%20model" title="PubMed Abstract: Gene therapy rescues cilia defects and restores olfactory function in a mammalian ciliopathy model.">PubMed Abstract »</a></p>
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