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<h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <a href="/news-events">News & Events</a> » <a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters">NIH Research Matters</a></div> <div class="l-region l-region--section-header">
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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2021-07-13T00:00:00-04:00" class="date-display-single">July 13, 2021</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Making a wireless, biodegradable pacemaker</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Researchers developed a temporary pacemaker that is powered wirelessly and breaks down harmlessly in the body after use.</li>
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<li>Studies in animals and human heart tissue showed that the device can generate enough power to pace a human heart without causing damage or inflammation.</li>
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</ul></div><div class="media-float-right"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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<picture title="Temporary pacemaker mounted on the heart. ">
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<!--[if IE 9]><video style="display: none;"><![endif]-->
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2021/20210713-heart.jpg?itok=54xMq85Y&timestamp=1626184953 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2021/20210713-heart.jpg?itok=J_3VEUS2&timestamp=1626184953 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2021/20210713-heart.jpg?itok=qaFgKbh-&timestamp=1626184953 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2021/20210713-heart.jpg?itok=2sgxxtQf&timestamp=1626184953 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2021/20210713-heart.jpg?itok=hTEruyxY&timestamp=1626184953 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]-->
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2021/20210713-heart.jpg?itok=J_3VEUS2&timestamp=1626184953" alt="Temporary pacemaker mounted on the heart. " title="Temporary pacemaker mounted on the heart. " />
|
||
</picture><span class="caption">An illustration of the transient pacemaker mounted on the heart. </span><span class="credit">Northwestern University / George Washington University. </span></div>
|
||
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||
</div><p>Pacemakers are a vital part of medical care for many people with heart rhythm disorders. These tiny devices can also help some people with heart failure, a condition that occurs when the heart can’t pump enough blood to the body.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Permanent pacemakers are surgically placed in the chest or abdomen. They send electrical pulses to help the heart beat at a normal rate and rhythm, or to help the heart chambers beat in sync.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Sometimes, such as after a heart attack or heart surgery, people only need a temporary pacemaker. Temporary pacemakers use wires connected to a power source outside the body. But these devices can cause complications. Potential problems include infection from the wires crossing the skin, scar tissue formation, and damage to the heart upon removal.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Researchers led by Drs. John Rogers and Rishi Arora from Northwestern University and Dr. Igor Efimov from George Washington University developed a new type of temporary pacemaker. They built the device entirely from components that naturally break down in the body over time. The pacemaker is also powered wirelessly, using technology similar to that used for the wireless charging of portable electronic devices.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>The team tested the new dissolvable pacemaker in heart-tissue samples taken from mice, rabbits, and people, and in live dogs and rats. The study was funded in part by NIH’s National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). Results were published on June 28, 2021, in <em>Nature Biotechnology</em>.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>In tests in heart tissue samples, the temporary pacemaker was able to wirelessly absorb and transmit enough power to control the rhythm of either the upper or lower chambers of the heart (the atria and the ventricles).</p>
|
||
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||
<div class="media-float-right">
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||
<div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/embed/cx-DyVZg4o0?autoplay=1" rel="shadowbox; width=640; height=360" title="Researchers have developed the first-ever transient pacemaker — a wireless, battery-free, fully implantable pacing device that disappears after it’s no longer needed. "><img alt="Researchers have developed the first-ever transient pacemaker — a wireless, battery-free, fully implantable pacing device that disappears after it’s no longer needed. " height="427" src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/video_sidebar/public/media-youtube/cx-DyVZg4o0.jpg?itok=ynaeIIn7" title="Researchers have developed the first-ever transient pacemaker — a wireless, battery-free, fully implantable pacing device that disappears after it’s no longer needed. " typeof="Image" width="640" /></a>
|
||
|
||
<p class="caption">Researchers have developed the first-ever transient pacemaker — a wireless, battery-free, fully implantable pacing device that disappears after it’s no longer needed.</p>
|
||
</div>
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||
</div>
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||
|
||
<p>The researchers next tested the device in live dogs. The temporary pacemaker absorbed enough power to control the heart’s rhythm when the wireless charger was held about 6 inches from the chest or closer. The power generated was equivalent to that required to pace a human heart.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>For longer-term studies, the team implanted smaller versions of the device into rats. The pacemaker was able to control the heart’s ventricles for 4 days after surgery. After that, its function began to break down. Using serial CT scans to track the device, the team found that the pacemakers broke down entirely in the body by the seventh week after surgery.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Further analysis of the scans showed that heart tissue was unharmed by the device. Blood tests also found no signs of inflammation.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>“Hardware placed in or near the heart creates risks for infection and other complications,” Rogers says. “Our wireless, transient pacemakers overcome key disadvantages of traditional temporary devices by eliminating the need for [wires that cross the skin and] surgical extraction procedures.”</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Further work will be needed before testing in people. Changing the types and thickness of the materials can alter how long the device functions before breaking down in the body. This could provide temporary heart pacing for periods ranging from several days to several weeks.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>—by Sharon Reynolds</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/stopping-scar-tissue-improves-healing-after-heart-attack-mice" target="_top">Stopping Scar Tissue Improves Healing after Heart Attack in Mice</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/wearable-ultrasound-patch-tracks-blood-pressure" target="_top">Wearable Ultrasound Patch Tracks Blood Pressure</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/bioengineered-vessels-transform-into-living-blood-vessels" target="_top">Bioengineered Vessels Transform into Living Blood Vessels</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/biodegradable-implantable-pressure-sensors" target="_top">Biodegradable, Implantable Pressure Sensors</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/blocking-scar-tissue-formation-around-medical-device-implants" target="_top">Blocking Scar Tissue Formation Around Medical Device Implants</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/nature-inspired-surgical-glue-mends-hearts" target="_top">Nature-Inspired Surgical Glue Mends Hearts</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/arrhythmia" target="_top">Arrhythmia</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/pacemakers" target="_top">Pacemakers</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34183859/">Fully implantable and bioresorbable cardiac pacemakers without leads or batteries.</a> Choi YS, Yin RT, Pfenniger A, Koo J, Avila R, Benjamin Lee K, Chen SW, Lee G, Li G, Qiao Y, Murillo-Berlioz A, Kiss A, Han S, Lee SM, Li C, Xie Z, Chen YY, Burrell A, Geist B, Jeong H, Kim J, Yoon HJ, Banks A, Kang SK, Zhang ZJ, Haney CR, Sahakian AV, Johnson D, Efimova T, Huang Y, Trachiotis GD, Knight BP, Arora RK, Efimov IR, Rogers JA. <em>Nat Biotechnol</em>. 2021 Jun 28. doi: 10.1038/s41587-021-00948-x. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34183859.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); Leducq Foundation; American Heart Association; National Science Foundation; Ford Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Mr. and Mrs. Ronald and JoAnne Willens.</p>
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<p><strong>Mailing Address:</strong><br />
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NIH Research Matters<br />
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Bldg. 31, Rm. 5B52, MSC 2094<br />
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Bethesda, MD 20892-2094</p></div>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-can-we-slow-aging">Research in Context: Can we slow aging?</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-changes-observed-during-pregnancy">Brain changes observed during pregnancy</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-context-detecting-cancer">Research in Context: Detecting cancer</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/risk-future-burden-dementia-united-states">Risk and future burden of dementia in the United States </a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/complete-wiring-map-adult-fruit-fly-brain">Complete wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain</a></p>
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong>Assistant Editors:</strong> Vicki Contie and Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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