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<h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <a href="/news-events">News & Events</a> » <a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters">NIH Research Matters</a></div> <div class="l-region l-region--section-header">
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<div about="/news-events/nih-research-matters/supplement-targets-gut-microbes-boost-growth-malnourished-children" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document" class="ds-1col node node--nih-research-matters view-mode-full node--full node--nih-research-matters--full clearfix">
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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2021-04-20T00:00:00-04:00" class="date-display-single">April 20, 2021</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Supplement targets gut microbes to boost growth in malnourished children</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Malnourished children who received a food supplement designed to boost normal gut microbes gained more weight than those given a standard nutritional supplement.</li>
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<li>The microbiome-targeted supplement also raised levels of proteins in the blood associated with bone, cartilage, and brain health.</li>
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<li>Longer studies are needed to see if these improvements lead to better physical and cognitive health as children age.</li>
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</ul></div><div class="media-float-right"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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<picture title="Mother feeding young child">
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<!--[if IE 9]><video style="display: none;"><![endif]-->
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2021/20210420-malnutrition-thumb.jpg?itok=9cSKEp02&timestamp=1618924158 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2021/20210420-malnutrition-thumb.jpg?itok=6f-sHPPH&timestamp=1618924158 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2021/20210420-malnutrition-thumb.jpg?itok=0ewRu2bE&timestamp=1618924158 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2021/20210420-malnutrition-thumb.jpg?itok=_pTIg9ro&timestamp=1618924158 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2021/20210420-malnutrition-thumb.jpg?itok=jzV1KxYa&timestamp=1618924158 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]-->
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2021/20210420-malnutrition-thumb.jpg?itok=6f-sHPPH&timestamp=1618924158" alt="Mother feeding young child" title="Mother feeding young child" />
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</picture><span class="caption">A mother feeds her child one of the therapeutic foods as part of the clinical trial in Bangladesh. </span><span class="credit">International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</span></div>
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</div><p>More than 45 million children around the world live with moderate to severe acute malnutrition. Inadequate nutrition can make children more susceptible to disease and death.</p>
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<p>The impacts of malnutrition can last a lifetime. Children who don’t get adequate nutrition can end up stunted—much smaller than they would have been if they’d received enough food. They may also have problems with their immune system, metabolism, and nervous system that affect their adult lives.</p>
|
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<p>Calorie-dense supplemental foods have been developed to prevent death and encourage normal growth in malnourished children. However, these products have showed a limited ability to prevent long-term damage to the body.</p>
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<p>Previous research has found that the bacteria, viruses, and fungi normally found in the digestive system—called the gut microbiome—are also harmed by malnutrition. Some studies have suggested that the resulting state of microbiome disrepair contributes to ongoing malnutrition. Ongoing studies have been testing whether therapeutic foods designed to repair the gut microbiome could better improve children’s health.</p>
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||
<p>In a new trial of this concept, researchers led by Dr. Jeffrey Gordon of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and Dr. Tahmeed Ahmed of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research in Bangladesh tested a microbiome-boosting supplement in malnourished children.</p>
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|
||
<p>The team enrolled 123 Bangladeshi children between the ages of 12 and 18 months with moderate acute malnutrition, called wasting. Half received a standard nutritional supplement for 3 months. The other half received a supplement made from locally sourced foods shown to repair defects in the developing microbiome. The ingredients included chickpeas, soy, bananas, and peanuts.</p>
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||
<p>The research team then followed the children for an additional month to track growth and changes in their microbiomes. A total of 118 children finished the trial. The work was funded in part by NIH’s National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Results were published on April 7, 2021, in <em>NEJM</em>.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Growth deficits were similar between the two groups at the start of the study. By the end of the trial, children who received the microbiome-targeted supplement had greater improvements in weight gain than those who received the standard supplement. This advantage was seen even though the microbiome-targeted supplement contained 20% fewer calories.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Blood samples taken before, during, and at the end of supplementation also showed changes. Children who received the microbiome-targeted supplement had greater increases in proteins associated with healthy bone, cartilage, and brain growth. They also had lower levels of proteins associated with harmful inflammation. These changes correlated with the positive improvements seen in weight.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>The team found that almost two dozen types of gut bacteria were associated with weight gain during the study. Notably, levels of 21 beneficial bacteria increased more in the children fed the microbiome-targeted supplement.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>“Our findings reveal that the effects of the developing microbiome extend well beyond the walls of the gut and that a healthy microbiome is linked to healthy growth,” Gordon says.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>Longer term studies in diverse groups of children are needed to see if the changes seen during this study translate to lasting improvements in physical and cognitive health.</p>
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<p>—by Sharon Reynolds</p></div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://directorsblog.nih.gov/2019/07/23/targeting-the-microbiome-to-treat-malnutrition" target="_top">Targeting the Microbiome to Treat Malnutrition</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/nutrition-supplement-increases-infant-birth-size" target="_top">Nutrition Supplement Increases Infant Birth Size</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mothers-gut-microbes-may-influence-offsprings-immunity" target="_top">Mother’s Gut Microbes May Influence Offspring’s Immunity</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/microbiome-influences-risk-preterm-birth" target="_top">Microbiome Influences Risk of Preterm Birth</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/probiotic-prevents-infant-infections-rural-india" target="_top">Probiotic Prevents Infant Infections in Rural India</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/poor-maternal-diet-affects-future-generations-mice" target="_top">Poor Maternal Diet Affects Future Generations of Mice</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/healthy-human-microbiome" target="_top">The Healthy Human Microbiome</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33826814/">A Microbiota-Directed Food Intervention for Undernourished Children.</a> Chen RY, Mostafa I, Hibberd MC, Das S, Mahfuz M, Naila NN, Islam MM, Huq S, Alam MA, Zaman MU, Raman AS, Webber D, Zhou C, Sundaresan V, Ahsan K, Meier MF, Barratt MJ, Ahmed T, Gordon JI. <em>N Engl J Med</em>. 2021 Apr 7;384(16):1517-28. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2023294. Online ahead of print. PMID: 33826814.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Washington University School of Medicine; Agilent Technologies.</p>
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