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<h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <a href="/news-events">News & Events</a> » <a href="/news-events/nih-research-matters">NIH Research Matters</a></div> <div class="l-region l-region--section-header">
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<p class="publishdate"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2015-07-13T00:00:00-04:00" class="date-display-single">July 13, 2015</span></p><div class='syndicate'><h1>Method for Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer</h1><div class="callout callout-with-border"><h3>At a Glance</h3>
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<ul class="spaced">
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<li>Researchers developed a noninvasive method to detect both early- and late-stage pancreatic cancer.</li>
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<li>If the findings are confirmed in a larger group, they could lead to routine tests that catch pancreatic tumors early and boost survival rates.</li>
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</div><div class="media-float-right"><div class="ds-1col file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-floated_media clearfix">
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<picture title="GPC1biomarker">
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<!--[if IE 9]><video style="display: none;"><![endif]-->
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-large/public/news-events/research-matters/2015/20150713pancreatic_0.jpg?itok=3OL6nGRg&timestamp=1439993477 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2015/20150713pancreatic_0.jpg?itok=UV1M1zbQ&timestamp=1439993477 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 800px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2015/20150713pancreatic_0.jpg?itok=-YNzBNuX&timestamp=1439993477 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 600px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-small/public/news-events/research-matters/2015/20150713pancreatic_0.jpg?itok=ETum77gP&timestamp=1439993477 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)" />
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<source srcset="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-tiny/public/news-events/research-matters/2015/20150713pancreatic_0.jpg?itok=q2r1oxQh&timestamp=1439993477 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 0)" />
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<!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]-->
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<img src="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/floated_media_breakpoint-medium/public/news-events/research-matters/2015/20150713pancreatic_0.jpg?itok=UV1M1zbQ&timestamp=1439993477" alt="Transmission electron micrograph of an exosome" title="GPC1biomarker" />
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</picture><span class="caption">The GPC1biomarker (black dots) on exosomes from 2 patients. Image by the researchers, courtesy of Nature.</span><span class="credit">Nature</span></div>
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</div><p>Nearly 50,000 Americans will be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in 2015, according to NIH’s National Cancer Institute (NCI). Only 7% are expected to survive 5 years or longer because the disease is difficult to detect early enough for effective treatment.</p>
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<p>One method of spotting cancer early is to find biomarkers—substances in the body that signal the presence of a disease. A team of scientists lead by Dr. Raghu Kalluri of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center searched for biomarkers on tiny, fluid-filled sacs called exosomes. Exosomes are released by cells and circulate in blood. The research, which was partially funded by NCI, was published in <em>Nature</em> on July 9, 2015.</p>
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||
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||
<p>The scientists compared exosomes from a human cancer cell line and several noncancerous cell lines. They tested a variety of biomarkers and found 48 that were unique to the cancer exosomes. One, called Glypican-1 or GPC1, was found at high levels in pancreatic and breast cancer cells.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>The team next isolated exosomes in blood samples taken from healthy people and patients with breast cancer or pancreatic cancer. The researchers found that 75% of the patients with breast cancer (24 out of 32) and all of the 251 pancreatic cancer patients had higher levels of GPC1-containing exosomes in their blood compared to healthy controls. Patients with late-stage pancreatic cancer had more of these exosomes in their blood than patients with early-stage disease.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>Patients with precancerous pancreatic lesions had more GPC1-positive exosomes in their blood than both healthy controls and patients with noncancer pancreatic illnesses like pancreatitis. In contrast, a commonly used pancreatic cancer biomarker called carbohydrate antigen 19-9 couldn’t distinguish people with precancerous lesions from healthy controls. This suggests that GPC1-positive exosomes may be a better biomarker than the current standard.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Finally, the group examined a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. GPC1-positive exosomes predicted cancer emergence before tumors could be detected with MRI or other techniques.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>If confirmed, this research could lead to fast and accurate tests for detecting early-stage pancreatic cancer, which would allow for earlier treatment and raise the disease’s survival rate.</p>
|
||
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||
<p>“This presents an unprecedented opportunity for informative early detection of pancreatic cancer and in designing potential curative surgical options,” Kalluri says.</p>
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||
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||
<p>—by Brandon Levy</p>
|
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</div><h2 class="label-above">Related Links</h2><ul class="spaced print-urls"><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/tumor-dna-blood-reveals-lymphoma-progression" target="_top">Tumor DNA in Blood Reveals Lymphoma Progression</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/killing-cancer-radioactive-bacteria" target="_top">Killing Cancer With Radioactive Bacteria</a></li><li><a href="http://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic" target="_top">Pancreatic Cancer</a></li></ul><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">References: </strong><strong>Reference: </strong><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26106858">Glypican-1 identifies cancer exosomes and detects early pancreatic cancer.</a> Melo SA, Luecke LB, Kahlert C, Fernandez AF, Gammon ST, Kaye J, LeBleu VS, Mittendorf EA, Weitz J, Rahbari N, Reissfelder C, Pilarsky C, Fraga MF, Piwnica-Worms D, Kalluri R. <em>Nature</em>. Jul 9;523(7559):177-82. doi: 10.1038/nature14581. Epub 2015 Jun 24. PMID: 26106858.</p><p class="footnote"><strong class="label-inline">Funding: </strong>NIH’s National Cancer Institute (NCI); Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas; and UT MD Anderson Cancer Center.</p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/risk-future-burden-dementia-united-states">Risk and future burden of dementia in the United States </a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/complete-wiring-map-adult-fruit-fly-brain">Complete wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain</a></p>
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<p><strong>Editor:</strong> Harrison Wein, Ph.D.</p>
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<p><strong><em>NIH Research Matters </em></strong>is a weekly update of NIH research highlights reviewed by NIH’s experts. It's published by the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison">Office of Communications and Public Liaison</a> in the <a href="/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</a>.</p>
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