769 lines
No EOL
60 KiB
Text
769 lines
No EOL
60 KiB
Text
<!doctype html>
|
||
|
||
<html lang="en-US">
|
||
|
||
<head>
|
||
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
|
||
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
|
||
<title>The A1C Test & Race/Ethnicity - NIDDK</title>
|
||
|
||
<meta name="msvalidate.01" content="7FEF9D64C9916EC9393EB5B21BD0037E">
|
||
|
||
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
|
||
<link rel="icon" href="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/favicon.ico">
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/images/apple-touch-icon.png">
|
||
|
||
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com">
|
||
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com">
|
||
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.google-analytics.com">
|
||
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com">
|
||
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://dap.digitalgov.gov">
|
||
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://livechat.niddk.nih.gov">
|
||
<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/styles/fonts/merriweather-v30-latin-regular.woff2" crossorigin>
|
||
<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/styles/fonts/open-sans-v29-latin-regular.woff2" crossorigin>
|
||
<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/styles/fonts/open-sans-v29-latin-600.woff2" crossorigin>
|
||
<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/styles/fonts/open-sans-v29-latin-700.woff2" crossorigin>
|
||
<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/styles/fonts/montserrat-v24-latin-regular.woff2" crossorigin>
|
||
<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/styles/fonts/dki.woff2" crossorigin>
|
||
|
||
<link rel="preload" as="fetch" href="/_internal/livechat/livechatstatus?id=6059fc4d-ef21-4638-b25e-53b881af4796" id="_lcstatuslink" crossorigin>
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" href="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/deps/slick-carousel/slick.min.css">
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" href="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/deps/jquery-scrolltabs/scrolltabs.min.css">
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" href="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/deps/magnific-popup/magnific-popup.min.css">
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" href="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/deps/tablesaw/tablesaw.min.css">
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/styles/niddk-web.css">
|
||
<noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/styles/niddk-nojs.css"></noscript>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/a1c-test-race-ethnicity" rel="canonical" />
|
||
<meta name="description" content="Overview of hemoglobin variants that can affect A1C test results, and how to ensure your diabetes is well controlled if you have one of these variants." />
|
||
<meta name="keywords" content="HbA1C, A1C, A1C test, hemoglobin, variant, hemoglobin variants, glycated, diabetes test, blood disorder, hemoglobinopathy, sickle cell disease, anemia, spleen, gallstones, African, African American, Mediterranean, Asian, Southeast Asian, Hispanic, ancestry, descent, red blood cells, blood glucose, blood sugar, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia" />
|
||
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/a1c-test-race-ethnicity">
|
||
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
|
||
<meta property="og:title" content="The A1C Test & Race/Ethnicity - NIDDK" />
|
||
<meta property="og:description" content="Overview of hemoglobin variants that can affect A1C test results, and how to ensure your diabetes is well controlled if you have one of these variants." />
|
||
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/-/media/Images/Components/Default-Social-Media-Images/Health-Information-Card-ALT3.png" />
|
||
<meta property="og:site_name" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:site:id" content="1901405066" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:title" content="The A1C Test & Race/Ethnicity - NIDDK" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Overview of hemoglobin variants that can affect A1C test results, and how to ensure your diabetes is well controlled if you have one of these variants." />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/-/media/Images/Components/Default-Social-Media-Images/Health-Information-Card-ALT3.png" />
|
||
<script>
|
||
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
|
||
dataLayer.push({"pageID":"6059fc4d-ef21-4638-b25e-53b881af4796","topicID":"0001","topicName":"A1C Test and Race/Ethnicity","pagePath":"/health-information/diagnostic-tests/a1c-test-race-ethnicity","pageTitle":"The A1C Test & Race/Ethnicity","pageDiseaseArea":"Diagnostic Tests","pageLanguage":"English","pageAudience":"Patients","lastReviewedDate":"2020-03-01"});
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script type="application/ld+json">
|
||
{
|
||
"@context": "https://schema.org",
|
||
"@type": "Article",
|
||
"headline": "The A1C Test &amp; Race/Ethnicity",
|
||
"description": "Overview of hemoglobin variants that can affect A1C test results, and how to ensure your diabetes is well controlled if you have one of these variants.",
|
||
"url": "https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/a1c-test-race-ethnicity",
|
||
"datePublished": "2024-12-13 15:59:36 -05:00",
|
||
"dateModified": "2024-12-13 15:59:36 -05:00",
|
||
"publisher": {
|
||
"@type": "Organization",
|
||
"name": "NIDDK - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases",
|
||
"logo": {
|
||
"@type": "ImageObject",
|
||
"url": "https://www.niddk.nih.gov/-/media/Images/Components/common/site-logo-full.svg"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
|
||
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
|
||
j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
|
||
'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
|
||
})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MBRL4D');</script></head>
|
||
<body itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/MedicalWebPage" class="page-lang-en">
|
||
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MBRL4D" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" name="Google Tag Manager" title="Google Tag Manager"></iframe></noscript>
|
||
<div class="site-wrap">
|
||
<header class="site-header">
|
||
<a href="#main" class="skip-link">Skip to main content</a>
|
||
<div class="site-alerts">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<section class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official website of the United States government">
|
||
<div class="usa-accordion grid">
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__header">
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__inner">
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__inner-flag">
|
||
<img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAALCAMAAABBPP0LAAAAG1BMVEUdM7EeNLIeM7HgQCDaPh/bPh/bPx/////bPyBEby41AAAAUElEQVQI123MNw4CABDEwD3jC/9/MQ1BQrgeOSkIqYe2o2FZtthXgQLgbHVMZdlsfUQFQnHtjP1+8BUhBDKOqtmfot6ojqPzR7TjdU+f6vkED+IDPhTBcMAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="U.S. flag">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__inner-text">
|
||
<p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p>
|
||
<p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true">Here’s how you know</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<button type="button" class="usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner">
|
||
<span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner" hidden>
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__guidance">
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" width="64" height="64" viewBox="0 0 64 64"><title>Official government website icon</title><path fill="#2378C3" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M32 0c17.673 0 32 14.327 32 32 0 17.673-14.327 32-32 32C14.327 64 0 49.673 0 32 0 14.327 14.327 0 32 0zm0 1.208C14.994 1.208 1.208 14.994 1.208 32S14.994 62.792 32 62.792 62.792 49.006 62.792 32 49.006 1.208 32 1.208zm10.59 38.858a.857.857 0 0 1 .882.822v1.642H18.886v-1.642a.857.857 0 0 1 .882-.822H42.59zM25.443 27.774v9.829h1.642v-9.83h3.273v9.83H32v-9.83h3.272v9.83h1.643v-9.83h3.272v9.83h.76a.857.857 0 0 1 .882.821v.821h-21.3v-.809a.857.857 0 0 1 .88-.82h.762v-9.842h3.272zm5.736-8.188l12.293 4.915v1.642h-1.63a.857.857 0 0 1-.882.822H21.41a.857.857 0 0 1-.882-.822h-1.642v-1.642l12.293-4.915z" /></svg>
|
||
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<strong>Official websites use .gov</strong>
|
||
<br>
|
||
A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__guidance">
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" width="64" height="64" viewBox="0 0 64 64"><title>icon-https</title><path fill="#719F2A" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M32 0c17.673 0 32 14.327 32 32 0 17.673-14.327 32-32 32C14.327 64 0 49.673 0 32 0 14.327 14.327 0 32 0zm0 1.208C14.994 1.208 1.208 14.994 1.208 32S14.994 62.792 32 62.792 62.792 49.006 62.792 32 49.006 1.208 32 1.208zm0 18.886a7.245 7.245 0 0 1 7.245 7.245v3.103h.52c.86 0 1.557.698 1.557 1.558v9.322c0 .86-.697 1.558-1.557 1.558h-15.53c-.86 0-1.557-.697-1.557-1.558V32c0-.86.697-1.558 1.557-1.558h.52V27.34A7.245 7.245 0 0 1 32 20.094zm0 3.103a4.142 4.142 0 0 0-4.142 4.142v3.103h8.284V27.34A4.142 4.142 0 0 0 32 23.197z" /></svg>
|
||
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong>
|
||
<br>
|
||
A <strong>lock</strong> (
|
||
<span class="icon-lock">
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewbox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title banner-lock-description" focusable="false">
|
||
<title id="banner-lock-title">Lock</title>
|
||
<desc id="banner-lock-description">Locked padlock icon</desc>
|
||
<path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z" />
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</span>
|
||
) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<div class="stripe-brand">
|
||
<div class="dk-brand-wrap">
|
||
<div class="dk-site-logos">
|
||
<a href="/" title="NIDDK home page">
|
||
<img src="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/images/site-logos.svg#full" width="300" height="67" class="desktop" alt="NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" />
|
||
<img src="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/images/site-logos.svg#abbrev" width="150" height="34" class="mobile" alt="NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="/about-niddk/75th-anniversary" title="NIDDK 75th Anniversary">
|
||
<img src="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/images/site-logos.svg#full75" width="63" height="67" class="desktop" alt="75 years: 1950-2025" />
|
||
<img src="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/images/site-logos.svg#abbrev75" width="35" height="30" class="mobile" alt="75 years: 1950-2025" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="dk-site-mobile-toolbar">
|
||
<button type="button" class="mobile-site-search"><i class="i-search"></i>Search</button>
|
||
<button type="button" class="dk-nav-menu"><i class="i-menu"></i>Menu</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<form class="dk-site-search" id="site-search" action="/search" method="GET" aria-label="Site search">
|
||
<button type="button" class="close-mobile-site-search" aria-label="Close search"><i class="i-times"></i></button>
|
||
<div class="site-search-info">Search for Information from NIDDK</div>
|
||
<button type="button" class="ss-options" title="Change search scope" aria-label="Select scope" aria-haspopup="true" aria-owns="site-search-opts">
|
||
<i class="i-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></i>
|
||
</button>
|
||
<ul id="site-search-opts" role="menu" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Scope options">
|
||
<li role="menuitemradio" aria-checked="true" data-value="all">Entire Site</li>
|
||
<li role="menuitemradio" aria-checked="false" data-value="research">Research & Funding</li>
|
||
<li role="menuitemradio" aria-checked="false" data-value="health-info">Health Information</li>
|
||
<li role="menuitemradio" aria-checked="false" data-value="news">News</li>
|
||
<li role="menuitemradio" aria-checked="false" data-value="about">About NIDDK</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="s" value="all" />
|
||
<input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search Entire Site…" aria-label="Site search terms" />
|
||
<button type="submit" class="ss-go" title="Search Entire Site">Search</button>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="dk-site-nav sticky" aria-label="Site">
|
||
<div class="grid" role="presentation">
|
||
<div class="sn-bar" role="list" aria-owns="dk_sn0 dk_sn1 dk_sn2 dk_sn3 dk_sn4">
|
||
<div id="dk_sn0" class="sn-home" role="listitem">
|
||
<div class="sn-section-title">
|
||
<a href="/" class="dk-logo">Home</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="sn-sections-wrap" role="presentation">
|
||
<div class="sn-sections" role="presentation">
|
||
<div id="dk_sn1" class="sn-section" role="listitem">
|
||
<input id="dk_snexpand1" type="checkbox" class="sn-chk-expand"/>
|
||
<div class="sn-section-title">
|
||
<a href="/research-funding"><span>Research & Funding</span></a>
|
||
<label for="dk_snexpand1" class="sn-lbl-expand">Expand Research & Funding</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="sn-subsections" role="list">
|
||
<div class="sn-collapsible">
|
||
<div role="presentation">
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/research-funding/current-opportunities">Current Funding Opportunities</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/research-funding/research-programs">Research Programs & Contacts</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/research-funding/human-subjects-research">Human Subjects Research</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/research-funding/process">Funding Process</a></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div role="presentation">
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/research-funding/training-career-development">Research Training & Career Development</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/research-funding/funded-grants-grant-history">Funded Grants & Grant History</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/research-funding/research-resources">Research Resources</a></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div role="presentation">
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/research-funding/at-niddk">Research at NIDDK</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/research-funding/technology-advancement-transfer">Technology Advancement & Transfer</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/news/meetings-workshops">Meetings & Workshops</a></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="dk_sn2" class="sn-section current" role="listitem">
|
||
<input id="dk_snexpand2" type="checkbox" class="sn-chk-expand"/>
|
||
<div class="sn-section-title">
|
||
<a href="/health-information"><span>Health Information</span></a>
|
||
<label for="dk_snexpand2" class="sn-lbl-expand">Expand Health Information</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="sn-subsections" role="list">
|
||
<div class="sn-collapsible">
|
||
<div role="group" class="sn-subgroup" aria-labelledby="dk_snsg0">
|
||
<div id="dk_snsg0" class="sn-subgroup-title" role="presentation">Health Topics</div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/health-information/diabetes">Diabetes</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/health-information/digestive-diseases">Digestive Diseases</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/health-information/kidney-disease">Kidney Disease</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/health-information/weight-management">Weight Management</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/health-information/liver-disease">Liver Disease</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/health-information/urologic-diseases">Urologic Diseases</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/health-information/endocrine-diseases">Endocrine Diseases</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/health-information/diet-nutrition">Diet & Nutrition</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/health-information/blood-diseases">Blood Diseases</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests">Diagnostic Tests</a></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div role="presentation">
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud">La información de la salud en español</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/health-information/health-statistics">Health Statistics</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/health-information/clinical-trials">Clinical Trials</a></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div role="presentation">
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/health-information/professionals">For Health Professionals</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/health-information/professionals/diabetes-discoveries-practice">Diabetes Discoveries & Practice Blog</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/health-information/community-health-outreach">Community Health & Outreach</a></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="dk_sn3" class="sn-section" role="listitem">
|
||
<input id="dk_snexpand3" type="checkbox" class="sn-chk-expand"/>
|
||
<div class="sn-section-title">
|
||
<a href="/news"><span>News</span></a>
|
||
<label for="dk_snexpand3" class="sn-lbl-expand">Expand News</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="sn-subsections" role="list">
|
||
<div class="sn-collapsible">
|
||
<div role="presentation">
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/news/archive">News Archive</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/news/for-reporters">For Reporters</a></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div role="presentation">
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/news/meetings-workshops">Meetings & Workshops</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/news/media-library">Media Library</a></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div role="presentation">
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/news/follow-us">Follow Us</a></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="dk_sn4" class="sn-section" role="listitem">
|
||
<input id="dk_snexpand4" type="checkbox" class="sn-chk-expand"/>
|
||
<div class="sn-section-title">
|
||
<a href="/about-niddk"><span>About NIDDK</span></a>
|
||
<label for="dk_snexpand4" class="sn-lbl-expand">Expand About NIDDK</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="sn-subsections" role="list">
|
||
<div class="sn-collapsible">
|
||
<div role="presentation">
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/about-niddk/meet-director">Meet the Director</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/about-niddk/offices-divisions">Offices & Divisions</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/about-niddk/staff-directory">Staff Directory</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/about-niddk/budget-legislative-information">Budget & Legislative Information</a></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div role="presentation">
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/about-niddk/advisory-coordinating-committees">Advisory & Coordinating Committees</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/about-niddk/strategic-plans-reports">Strategic Plans & Reports</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/about-niddk/research-areas">Research Areas</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/about-niddk/faqs">FAQs</a></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div role="presentation">
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/about-niddk/jobs">Jobs at NIDDK</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/about-niddk/visit-us">Visit Us</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/about-niddk/contact-us">Contact Us</a></div>
|
||
<div role="listitem"><a href="/about-niddk/75th-anniversary">NIDDK 75th Anniversary</a></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
<div class="balloon"></div>
|
||
|
||
</header>
|
||
<main id="main">
|
||
<div class="grid dk-two-column">
|
||
<div class="dk-breadcrumb-row">
|
||
<script type="application/ld+json">
|
||
{
|
||
"@context": "https://schema.org",
|
||
"@type": "BreadcrumbList",
|
||
"itemListElement" : [
|
||
|
||
{
|
||
"@type": "ListItem",
|
||
"position": 1,
|
||
"name": "Home",
|
||
|
||
"item": "https://www.niddk.nih.gov"
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
|
||
{
|
||
"@type": "ListItem",
|
||
"position": 2,
|
||
"name": "Health Information",
|
||
|
||
"item": "https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information"
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
|
||
{
|
||
"@type": "ListItem",
|
||
"position": 3,
|
||
"name": "Diagnostic Tests",
|
||
|
||
"item": "https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests"
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
|
||
{
|
||
"@type": "ListItem",
|
||
"position": 4,
|
||
"name": "A1C Test & Race/Ethnicity"
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
</script>
|
||
<div class="dk-breadcrumbs">
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>
|
||
|
||
<a href="/"><span>Home</span></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
|
||
<a href="/health-information"><span>Health Information</span></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
|
||
<a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests"><span>Diagnostic Tests</span></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<span>A1C Test & Race/Ethnicity</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<button type="button" class="context-menu-button">Related Topics</button>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="dk-main-container">
|
||
<nav class="dk-leftnav" aria-label="Section navigation">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests" aria-description="Parent page">Diagnostic Tests</a>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
|
||
<li class="ln-collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests/a1c-test">A1C Test & Diabetes</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ln-current">
|
||
<span>A1C Test & Race/Ethnicity</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ln-collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests/colonoscopy">Colonoscopy</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ln-collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy">Cystoscopy & Ureteroscopy</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ln-collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography">Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ln-collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests/flexible-sigmoidoscopy">Flexible Sigmoidoscopy</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ln-collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests/kidney-biopsy">Kidney Biopsy</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ln-collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests/liver-biopsy">Liver Biopsy</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ln-collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series">Lower GI Series</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ln-collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests/prostate">Prostate Tests</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ln-collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests/thyroid">Thyroid Tests</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ln-collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy">Upper GI Endoscopy</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ln-collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series">Upper GI Series</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ln-collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests/urinary-tract-imaging">Urinary Tract Imaging</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ln-collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests/urodynamic-testing">Urodynamic Testing</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ln-collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests/virtual-colonoscopy">Virtual Colonoscopy</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
<article class="dk-content">
|
||
<h1 itemprop="name">The A1C Test & Race/Ethnicity</h1>
|
||
<div class="health-detail-content">
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>On this page:</strong></p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="#what">What is the A1C test?</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#background">How can my racial/ethnic background affect the results of my A1C test?</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#common">What are some common hemoglobin variants?</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#know">How will I know if I have a hemoglobin variant?</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#care">How can hemoglobin variants affect the A1C test and my diabetes care?</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#controlled">How can I know if my diabetes is well controlled if I have a hemoglobin variant?</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="what">What is the A1C test?</h2>
|
||
<p>The <a href="/health-information/diagnostic-tests/a1c-test">A1C test</a> is a blood test that provides information about your average levels of <a class="dictionary-term" href="/Dictionary/B/blood-glucose">blood glucose</a>, also called blood sugar, over the past 3 months. The test is also called hemoglobin A1C, HbA1C, and glycated hemoglobin, and it is the blood glucose test that doctors most often use for <a href="/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes">managing diabetes</a>.<sup>1</sup></p>
|
||
<h3>How the test works</h3>
|
||
<p>The A1C test measures the amount of glucose in your blood that has become attached to <a class="dictionary-term" href="/Dictionary/H/hemoglobin">hemoglobin</a>. Hemoglobin is a <a class="dictionary-term" href="/Dictionary/P/protein">protein</a> that allows red blood cells to carry oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. When glucose enters your blood, it binds with the hemoglobin in your red blood cells. The more glucose in your blood, and the longer it stays elevated, the more it will attach to the hemoglobin.</p>
|
||
<p>The A1C test result is reported as a percentage. The higher the percentage, the higher your blood glucose levels. A normal A1C level is below 5.7 percent.</p>
|
||
<figure class="small center"><img src="/-/media/Images/Health-Information/Diabetes/HCP_drawingblood_330x220.png" alt="A health care professional draws blood from a patient’s arm." /><figcaption>The A1C blood test reflects your average blood glucose levels over the past 3 months.</figcaption></figure>
|
||
<h2 id="background">How can my racial/ethnic background affect the results of my A1C test?</h2>
|
||
<p>The form of hemoglobin in your blood depends on genes you inherit from your parents. Many different forms of hemoglobin exist. The most common form is hemoglobin A, also called normal adult hemoglobin. Other, less common forms of hemoglobin are called hemoglobin variants.</p>
|
||
<p>Hemoglobin variants can affect the results of some A1C tests. These variants are more common in some parts of the world, such as Africa, South and Southeast Asia, and the Mediterranean. If your ancestors came from these regions, you may have a form of hemoglobin in your blood that could affect your A1C test results.</p>
|
||
<figure class="small center"><img src="/-/media/Images/Health-Information/Diabetes/happy-doctor-with-cardiogram-and-young-male-patient-meeting-at-hospital.jpg" alt=" A doctor talks with a patient." /><figcaption>Depending on your descent, you could have a hemoglobin variant that can affect A1C test results.</figcaption></figure>
|
||
<h2 id="common">What are some common hemoglobin variants?</h2>
|
||
<p>The most common hemoglobin variants that can affect A1C test results are hemoglobin S, C, D, and E.<sup>2</sup> These variants can also cause hemoglobinopathies, a group of blood disorders and diseases that affect red blood cells.</p>
|
||
<p>Table 1 lists each variant, the racial and ethnic groups most likely to have the variant, and the blood disorders the variant can cause. In most cases, you will only develop these health problems if you inherit genes for hemoglobin variants from both of your parents. If you inherit only one hemoglobin variant, along with normal hemoglobin, you usually won’t develop any symptoms or health problems.</p>
|
||
<h3>Table 1. Common hemoglobin variants that can affect A1C test results</h3>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>Hemoglobin Variant</td>
|
||
<td>Groups Most Often Affected</td>
|
||
<td>Related Blood Disorder</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td style="width: 20%;">Hemoglobin S (HbS)</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>African Americans and Hispanic Americans/Latinos<sup>3</sup></li>
|
||
<li>Most common in Africa (especially Nigeria and the Republic of Congo) and India; also found in South and Central America, the Caribbean islands, and Mediterranean countries (such as Turkey, Greece, and Italy)<sup>4</sup></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/sickle-cell-disease">Sickle cell disease</a>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Changes the shape of red blood cells, makes them clump together, and shortens their life span</li>
|
||
<li>Complications can include severe <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/hemolytic-anemia">hemolytic anemia</a>; intense pain; damage to <a class="dictionary-term" href="/Dictionary/S/spleen">spleen</a>, brain, eyes, lungs, heart, and other organs</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>Hemoglobin C
|
||
(HbC)</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>African Americans and people of West African descent<sup>5</sup></li>
|
||
<li>Also found in South and Central America, the Caribbean Islands, and Europe<sup>6</sup></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/2640/hemoglobin-c-disease">Hemoglobin C disease</a>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>May cause mild symptoms, such as tiredness, weakness, anemia; the <a class="dictionary-term" href="/Dictionary/S/spleen">spleen</a> may also become mildly enlarged</li>
|
||
<li>Usually doesn’t cause any complications; most people have no symptoms and don’t need treatment</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>Hemoglobin E (HbE)</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Asian Americans, especially those of Southeast Asian descent<sup>7</sup></li>
|
||
<li>Common in Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand; also seen in southern China, India, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia<sup>7</sup></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/2641/hemoglobin-e-disease">Hemoglobin E disease</a>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>May cause very mild anemia; the spleen may also become mildly enlarged</li>
|
||
<li>Usually doesn’t cause any complications; most people have no symptoms and don’t need any treatment</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p>Other, less common, forms of hemoglobin that can also affect the results of the A1C test include</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Hemoglobin D.</strong> This variant, which often causes no symptoms, is not as common in the United States but has been found in people who live in China, India, Turkey, Brazil, and some parts of Europe.<sup>8</sup></li>
|
||
<li><strong>Hemoglobin F.</strong> Also known as fetal hemoglobin, this is the main type of hemoglobin in an unborn baby’s body but is replaced with hemoglobin A after birth. Most adults have only tiny amounts of hemoglobin F in their blood, but some people may have higher levels. In some cases, health problems such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html">leukemia</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">anemia</a>, or other blood disorders may cause adults to develop higher levels of hemoglobin F than normal.<sup>2</sup></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="know">How will I know if I have a hemoglobin variant?</h2>
|
||
<p>A blood test can detect hemoglobin variants. Labs may use a number of different methods to analyze your blood and identify the forms and amounts of hemoglobin in your red blood cells.</p>
|
||
<p>Since 2006, all states have routinely screened newborns for hemoglobin S, which causes sickle cell disease.<sup>9</sup> Some states also screen newborns for other hemoglobin disorders, such as hemoglobin C disease and hemoglobin E disease.</p>
|
||
<p>If you were born before 2006, you may not know if you have one of these hemoglobin variants. Your doctor may suspect you have a hemoglobin variant if any of these are true</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>your A1C test result doesn’t match the results of a prior A1C test or other types of <a href="/health-information/professionals/clinical-tools-patient-management/diabetes/diabetes-prediabetes">diabetes tests</a>, such as tests that measure blood glucose directly</li>
|
||
<li>your family comes from regions of the world where hemoglobin variants are common</li>
|
||
<li>you have a family history of blood disorders</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Your doctor may order one or more blood tests to detect hemoglobin variants and/or signs of related blood disorders, such as anemia.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="care">How can hemoglobin variants affect the A1C test and my diabetes care?</h2>
|
||
<p>Having a hemoglobin variant doesn’t increase your risk for diabetes, but it can affect the results of your A1C test. Health care professionals often use A1C test results to guide decisions about your diabetes care, such as changes to your diabetes medicine, meal plan, or physical activity routine that will keep your diabetes under control.</p>
|
||
<p>If the A1C test gives you a false result, your doctor may think your blood glucose is higher than or lower than it really is.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>If your A1C test result is falsely high,</strong> your doctor may think that your diabetes isn’t well controlled. If you currently take medicines for diabetes, your doctor may increase the dose or make other changes to your treatment. These changes could cause low blood glucose, called <a href="/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/low-blood-glucose-hypoglycemia">hypoglycemia</a>, or other side effects.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>If your A1C test result is falsely low,</strong> your doctor may think your diabetes is well controlled even though it isn’t. As a result, your doctor may make changes in your treatment that could cause your blood glucose to stay high. High blood glucose levels, called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperglycemia.html">hyperglycemia</a>, can increase your risk for developing problems related to diabetes in your eyes, nerves, and <a class="dictionary-term" href="/Dictionary/K/kidneys">kidneys</a>.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<figure class="small center"><img src="/-/media/Images/Health-Information/Digestive-Diseases/woman_taking_medicine_330x231.jpg" alt="A patient pours pills from a medicine bottle." /><figcaption>If your A1C test result is falsely high, your doctor may increase the dose of your diabetes medicine to lower your blood glucose.</figcaption></figure>
|
||
<h2 id="controlled">How can I know if my diabetes is well controlled if I have a hemoglobin variant?</h2>
|
||
<p><strong>Use an A1C test that is not affected by your hemoglobin variant.</strong> Labs can use different methods to conduct the A1C test. Not all of these methods are affected by hemoglobin variants. The NGSP, formerly called the <a href="https://ngsp.org/">National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program</a>, provides information for health care professionals on <a href="https://ngsp.org/interf.asp">which A1C tests are appropriate to use for specific hemoglobin variants</a>. Your doctor can arrange for your A1C test to be done at a lab that will give you accurate results.</p>
|
||
<p>Other options for monitoring your blood glucose levels include</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Other blood glucose tests.</strong> Your doctor can order other types of <a href="/health-information/professionals/clinical-tools-patient-management/diabetes/diabetes-prediabetes">diabetes tests</a> to monitor your blood glucose levels, such as a <a href="/health-information/diabetes/overview/tests-diagnosis#rpg">random or fasting plasma glucose test</a>. But unlike the A1C test, these blood tests only provide information about your blood glucose level at one point in time.</li>
|
||
<li><strong><a href="/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes#bloodGlucose">Self-monitoring of blood glucose</a>.</strong> This is a blood test that you can do yourself at home by pricking your finger with a small needle, applying a drop of blood onto a test strip, and placing the strip into a <a class="dictionary-term" href="/Dictionary/B/blood-glucose-meter">blood glucose meter</a>. People with diabetes who take oral medicines or injections, such as <a class="dictionary-term" href="/Dictionary/I/insulin">insulin</a>, often use this test to monitor changes in their blood glucose.<sup>10</sup></li>
|
||
<li><strong>Alternative tests for people with hemoglobin variants.</strong> Scientists are working on other tests to measure blood glucose in people with hemoglobin variants and related blood disorders. An example is the <a class="dictionary-term" href="/Dictionary/F/fructosamine-test">fructosamine test</a>, which shows average glucose levels over about 3 weeks.<sup>11</sup> Your doctor may want to consider if these tests are an option for you.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2>References</h2>
|
||
<aside class="references">
|
||
<p>[1] American Diabetes Association. 6. Glycemic targets: Standards of medical care in diabetes—2019. <em>Diabetes Care</em>. 2019;42(Suppl 1):S61–S70.</p>
|
||
<p>[2] Little RR, Roberts WL. A review of variant hemoglobins interfering with hemoglobin A1c measurement. <em>Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology</em>. 2009;3(3):446–451.</p>
|
||
<p>[3] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data & statistics on sickle cell disease. Accessed February 26, 2020. www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/data.html.</p>
|
||
<p>[4] Piel FB, Steinberg MH, Rees DC. Sickle cell disease. <em>New England Journal of Medicine</em>. 2017;377(3):1561–1573.</p>
|
||
<p>[5] Williams TN, Weatherall DJ. World distribution, population genetics, and health burden of the hemoglobinopathies. <em>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine</em>. 2012;2(9):a011692.</p>
|
||
<p>[6] Piel FB, Howes RE, Patil AP, et al. The distribution of haemoglobin C and its prevalence in newborns in Africa. <em>Scientific Reports</em>. 2013;3:1–8.</p>
|
||
<p>[7] Vichinsky E. Hemoglobin E syndromes.<em> Hematology</em>. 2007:79–83.</p>
|
||
<p>[8] Torres LdS, Okumura JV, Silva DGHd, Bonini-Domingos CR. Hemoglobin D-Punjab: origin, distribution and laboratory diagnosis. <em>Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia</em>. 2015;37(2):120–126.</p>
|
||
<p>[9] Association of Public Health Laboratories and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. <em>Hemoglobinopathies: current practices for screening, confirmation and follow-up</em>. Silver Spring, MD: Association of Public Health Laboratories; 2015. Accessed February 26, 2020. <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/sickle-cell/media/pdfs/nbs_hemoglobinopathy-testing_122015.pdf">www.cdc.gov/sickle-cell/media/pdfs/nbs_hemoglobinopathy-testing_122015.pdf</a> <span class="file-size">(PDF, 3.65 MB)</span> <i title="PDF document" class="file-pdf"></i>.</p>
|
||
<p>[10] American Diabetes Association. 7. Diabetes technology: Standards of medical care in diabetes—2019. <em>Diabetes Care</em>. 2019;42(Suppl 1):S71–S80.</p>
|
||
<p>[11] Gounden V, Jialal I. Fructosamine. <em>StatPearls [Internet]</em>. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2019</p>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
</div> <div class="dk-review-date">Last Reviewed March 2020</div>
|
||
<div id="c44db8dcd99c457883ce73b5a9caf7fb" class="dk-share">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span>Share<span class="sr-only"> this page</span></span>
|
||
<div class="dk-share-buttons" data-lang="en">
|
||
|
||
<button type="button" class="shr-print" title="Print this page" onclick="window.print();return false;">Print</button>
|
||
<a class="shr-facebook no-disclaimer" title="Share this page on Facebook" href="#share-c44db8dcd99c457883ce73b5a9caf7fb" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Facebook</a>
|
||
<a class="shr-x no-disclaimer" title="Post this page on X" href="#share-c44db8dcd99c457883ce73b5a9caf7fb" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">X</a>
|
||
<a class="shr-email" title="Email this page" href="#share-c44db8dcd99c457883ce73b5a9caf7fb" target="_self" rel="nofollow noopener">Email</a>
|
||
|
||
<button type="button" class="shr-more" title="More sharing options" aria-expanded="false">More Options</button>
|
||
|
||
<a class="shr-whatsapp no-disclaimer" title="Share this page via WhatsApp" href="#share-c44db8dcd99c457883ce73b5a9caf7fb" target="_self" rel="nofollow noopener">WhatsApp</a>
|
||
<a class="shr-linkedin no-disclaimer" title="Share this page on LinkedIn" href="#share-c44db8dcd99c457883ce73b5a9caf7fb" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">LinkedIn</a>
|
||
<a class="shr-reddit no-disclaimer" title="Share this page on Reddit" href="#share-c44db8dcd99c457883ce73b5a9caf7fb" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Reddit</a>
|
||
<a class="shr-pinterest no-disclaimer" title="Share this page on Pinterest" href="#share-c44db8dcd99c457883ce73b5a9caf7fb" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Pinterest</a>
|
||
|
||
<button type="button" class="shr-copy" title="Copy a link for sharing to the clipboard">Copy Link</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<script src="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/scripts/modules/social-share.js" type="module"></script>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="disclaimer">
|
||
<p>
|
||
This content is provided as a service of the <a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</a>
|
||
(NIDDK), part of the National Institutes of Health. NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings to increase knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public. Content produced by NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts.<br />
|
||
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<p>The NIDDK would like to thank:<br />
|
||
Randie R. Little, Ph.D., National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program, University of Missouri School of Medicine</p>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</article>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</main>
|
||
<footer id="main-footer" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/GovernmentOrganization" itemid="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
|
||
<meta itemprop="name" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases">
|
||
<meta itemprop="alternateName" content="NIDDK">
|
||
<link itemprop="url" href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
|
||
<link itemprop="logo" href="/images/site-logo.png">
|
||
<link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Diabetes_and_Digestive_and_Kidney_Diseases">
|
||
<span itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PostalAddress">
|
||
<meta itemprop="name" content="NIDDK, NIH">
|
||
<meta itemprop="streetAddress" content="31 Center Drive, MSC 2560">
|
||
<meta itemprop="addressLocality" content="Bethesda">
|
||
<meta itemprop="addressRegion" content="MD">
|
||
<meta itemprop="addressCountry" content="US">
|
||
<meta itemprop="postalCode" content="20892-2560">
|
||
</span>
|
||
<section id="contact">
|
||
<div class="grid">
|
||
<h2>Contact Us</h2>
|
||
<div class="contact-flex v2">
|
||
<address itemprop="department" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/GovernmentOffice">
|
||
<meta itemprop="name" content="The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Health Information Center" />
|
||
<link itemprop="url" href="/health-information" />
|
||
<link itemprop="image" href="/images/site-logo.png" />
|
||
<meta itemprop="telephone" content="+1-800-860-8747" />
|
||
<meta itemprop="openingHours" content="Mo-Fr 08:30-17:00" />
|
||
<meta itemprop="address" content="9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States" />
|
||
<div class="contact-time">
|
||
<i class="i-clock-o"></i>
|
||
<span>
|
||
<strong>Hours:</strong>
|
||
<time datetime="08:30">8:30 a.m.</time>
|
||
to
|
||
<time datetime="17:00">5 p.m.</time>
|
||
ET, Monday - Friday</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<a class="contact-email" href="mailto:healthinfo@niddk.nih.gov">
|
||
<i class="i-envelope-o"></i>
|
||
<span>
|
||
<strong>Email:</strong>
|
||
<span class="lnk" itemprop="email">healthinfo@niddk.nih.gov</span></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a class="contact-mobile" href="tel:1-800-860-8747" itemprop="contactPoint" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ContactPoint">
|
||
<i class="i-mobile"></i>
|
||
<span>
|
||
<strong>Phone:</strong>
|
||
<span class="lnk" itemprop="telephone"><span class="hide">+</span>1-800-860-8747</span>
|
||
<meta itemprop="contactType" content="customer service" />
|
||
<meta itemprop="contactOption" content="TollFree" />
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a class="contact-tty" href="tel:711" itemprop="contactPoint" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ContactPoint">
|
||
<i class="i-tty"></i>
|
||
<span>
|
||
<strong>TTY:</strong>
|
||
<span class="lnk" itemprop="telephone"><span class="hide">+</span>711</span>
|
||
<meta itemprop="contactType" content="customer service" />
|
||
<meta itemprop="contactOption" content="HearingImpairedSupported" />
|
||
<meta itemprop="contactOption" content="TollFree" />
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<div class="print-social">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 600 100" fill="currentcolor">
|
||
<path d="M550,9.01c13.35,0,14.93.05,20.2.29,4.87.22,7.52,1.04,9.28,1.72,2.33.91,4,1.99,5.75,3.74,1.75,1.75,2.83,3.42,3.74,5.75.68,1.76,1.5,4.41,1.72,9.28.24,5.27.29,6.85.29,20.2s-.05,14.93-.29,20.2c-.22,4.87-1.04,7.52-1.72,9.28-.91,2.33-1.99,4-3.74,5.75-1.75,1.75-3.42,2.83-5.75,3.74-1.76.68-4.41,1.5-9.28,1.72-5.27.24-6.85.29-20.2.29s-14.93-.05-20.2-.29c-4.87-.22-7.52-1.04-9.28-1.72-2.33-.91-4-1.99-5.75-3.74-1.75-1.75-2.83-3.42-3.74-5.75-.68-1.76-1.5-4.41-1.72-9.28-.24-5.27-.29-6.85-.29-20.2s.05-14.93.29-20.2c.22-4.87,1.04-7.52,1.72-9.28.91-2.33,1.99-4,3.74-5.75,1.75-1.75,3.42-2.83,5.75-3.74,1.76-.68,4.41-1.5,9.28-1.72,5.27-.24,6.85-.29,20.2-.29h0ZM550,0c-13.58,0-15.28.06-20.62.3-5.32.24-8.96,1.09-12.14,2.32-3.29,1.28-6.08,2.99-8.86,5.77-2.78,2.78-4.49,5.57-5.77,8.85-1.24,3.18-2.08,6.82-2.32,12.14-.24,5.33-.3,7.04-.3,20.62s.06,15.28.3,20.62c.24,5.32,1.09,8.96,2.32,12.14,1.28,3.29,2.99,6.08,5.77,8.86,2.78,2.78,5.57,4.49,8.86,5.77,3.18,1.24,6.82,2.08,12.14,2.32,5.33.24,7.04.3,20.62.3s15.28-.06,20.62-.3c5.32-.24,8.96-1.09,12.14-2.32,3.29-1.28,6.08-2.99,8.86-5.77,2.78-2.78,4.49-5.57,5.77-8.86,1.24-3.18,2.08-6.82,2.32-12.14.24-5.33.3-7.04.3-20.62s-.06-15.28-.3-20.62c-.24-5.32-1.09-8.96-2.32-12.14-1.28-3.29-2.99-6.08-5.77-8.86-2.78-2.78-5.57-4.49-8.86-5.77-3.18-1.24-6.82-2.08-12.14-2.32C565.28.06,563.58,0,550,0h0ZM550,24.32c-14.18,0-25.67,11.5-25.67,25.67s11.49,25.67,25.67,25.67,25.67-11.49,25.67-25.67-11.49-25.67-25.67-25.67ZM550,66.66c-9.21,0-16.67-7.46-16.67-16.67s7.46-16.67,16.67-16.67,16.67,7.46,16.67,16.67-7.46,16.67-16.67,16.67ZM582.69,23.31c0,3.31-2.69,6-6,6s-6-2.69-6-6,2.69-6,6-6,6,2.69,6,6Z"></path>
|
||
<path d="M485.16,15.65c-1.61-6.13-6.45-10.97-12.58-12.66-11.05-2.98-55.4-2.98-55.4-2.98,0,0-44.35,0-55.48,2.98-6.13,1.61-10.89,6.45-12.58,12.66-2.9,11.13-2.9,34.36-2.9,34.36,0,0,0,23.23,2.98,34.35,1.61,6.13,6.45,10.97,12.58,12.66,11.05,2.98,55.4,2.98,55.4,2.98,0,0,44.35,0,55.48-2.98,6.13-1.61,10.89-6.45,12.58-12.66,2.9-11.13,2.9-34.35,2.9-34.35,0,0,0-23.23-2.98-34.35ZM402.66,71.13V28.87l37.1,21.13-37.1,21.13h0Z"></path>
|
||
<path d="M334.34,3v94c0,1.66-1.34,3-3,3h-27.99v-38.74h12.96l1.95-15.1h-14.91v-9.64c0-4.36,1.17-7.29,7.49-7.29l7.94-.07v-13.48c-1.37-.2-6.12-.59-11.59-.59-11.52,0-19.47,7.03-19.47,19.92v11.13h-13.02v15.1h13.02v38.74h-50.39c-1.66,0-3-1.34-3-3V3c0-1.66,1.34-3,3-3h94c1.66,0,3,1.34,3,3Z"></path>
|
||
<path d="M198.99,0h16.96l-37.07,42.36,43.61,57.64h-34.15l-26.73-34.97-30.6,34.97h-16.96l39.63-45.31L111.86,0h35l24.18,31.96L198.99,0ZM193.02,89.86h9.4L141.75,9.63h-10.09l61.36,80.23Z"></path>
|
||
<path d="M15.43,83.72h15.04v-45.18h-15.04v45.18ZM31.45,24.61c-.07-4.43-3.26-7.81-8.4-7.81s-8.53,3.39-8.53,7.81,3.26,7.81,8.33,7.81h.07c5.27,0,8.53-3.52,8.53-7.81h0ZM69.53,83.72h15.04v-25.91c0-13.87-7.42-20.31-17.32-20.31-8.07,0-11.65,4.49-13.61,7.62h.13v-6.58h-15.04s.2,4.23,0,45.18h15.04v-25.26c0-1.3.07-2.67.46-3.65,1.11-2.67,3.58-5.47,7.75-5.47,5.4,0,7.55,4.1,7.55,10.22v24.15h0ZM100,18.75v62.5c0,10.35-8.4,18.75-18.75,18.75H18.75c-10.35,0-18.75-8.4-18.75-18.75V18.75C0,8.4,8.4,0,18.75,0h62.5c10.35,0,18.75,8.4,18.75,18.75Z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span>@NIDDKgov</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</address>
|
||
<div class="live-chat">
|
||
<h3>Chat</h3>
|
||
<div class="footer-live-chat">
|
||
<niddk-chatbadge lang="en"></niddk-chatbadge>
|
||
<div>
|
||
Live Chat Available<br />
|
||
8:30 a.m. - 5 p.m. ET<br />
|
||
Monday - Friday
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="follow-us">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<a href="/news/follow-us">Follow Us</a>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-institute-of-diabetes-and-digestive-and-kidney-diseases-niddk" class="linkedin" title="Follow NIDDK on LinkedIn" itemprop="sameAs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">LinkedIn</a>
|
||
<a href="https://x.com/NIDDKgov" class="x-social" title="Follow NIDDK on X" itemprop="sameAs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">X</a>
|
||
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/NIDDKgov" class="facebook" title="Like NIDDK on Facebook" itemprop="sameAs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Facebook</a>
|
||
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NIDDKgov" class="youtube" title="Subscribe to NIDDK on YouTube" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">YouTube</a>
|
||
<a href="https://www.instagram.com/niddkgov" class="instagram" title="Follow NIDDK on Instagram" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Instagram</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section><p class="grid tagline">NIH… Turning Discovery Into Health ®</p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="sub-footer">
|
||
<div class="grid">
|
||
<div role="region" aria-label="Policy links">
|
||
<ul class="horizontal-links">
|
||
<li><a href="/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/freedom-information-act">Freedom of Information Act</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/disclaimers">Disclaimers</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/copyright">Copyright</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html">Vulnerability Disclosure Policy</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div role="region" aria-label="Utility links">
|
||
<ul class="horizontal-links">
|
||
<li><a href="/site-map">Site Map</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://intranet.niddk.nih.gov/SitePages/Home.aspx" rel="nofollow">For Staff Only</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIDDK/subscriber/new">Get Email Updates</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div role="region" aria-label="Related government sites">
|
||
<ul class="horizontal-links">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/">
|
||
<span>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li itemprop="memberOf" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/GovernmentOrganization">
|
||
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/" itemprop="url">
|
||
<span itemprop="name">National Institutes of Health</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<meta itemprop="alternateName" content="NIH" />
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<niddk-chatcontrol href-on="/System/start-chat" src-en="/chatbeacon/NIDDK/1/scripts/chatbeacon.js?accountId=1&siteId=1&queueId=1&m=0&i=1&b=1&c=1&theme=frame" src-es="/chatbeacon/NIDDK/1/scripts/chatbeacon.js?accountId=1&siteId=1&queueId=4&m=0&i=1&b=1&c=1&theme=frame" statuslinkid="_lcstatuslink"></niddk-chatcontrol>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<iframe src="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/a1c-test-race-ethnicity?tracking=true" style="height:0;width:0;visibility:hidden;display:none;" aria-hidden="true"></iframe>
|
||
|
||
<iframe style="height:0;width:0;visibility:hidden;display:none;" src="about:blank" aria-hidden="true"></iframe>
|
||
</footer>
|
||
<div class="page-mask"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<script src="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/deps/jquery.min.js" defer></script>
|
||
<script src="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/deps/slick-carousel/slick.min.js" defer></script>
|
||
<script src="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/deps/jquery-scrolltabs/jquery.scrolltabs.min.js" defer></script>
|
||
<script src="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/deps/magnific-popup/jquery.magnific-popup.min.js" defer></script>
|
||
<script src="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/deps/tablesaw/tablesaw.jquery.min.js" defer></script>
|
||
|
||
<script src="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/scripts/niddk-main.js" defer></script>
|
||
<script src="/_ux/niddk/9.37.0/scripts/modules/live-chat.js" type="module"></script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="image" content="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/-/media/Images/Components/Default-Social-Media-Images/Health-Information-Card-ALT3.png" />
|
||
<meta itemprop="lastReviewed" content="2020-03-01T19:37:00.0000000Z-05:00" />
|
||
<span itemprop="inLanguage" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Language">
|
||
<meta itemprop="name" content="English" />
|
||
<meta itemprop="alternateName" content="en-US" />
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html> |