2158 lines
78 KiB
Text
2158 lines
78 KiB
Text
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# ">
|
||
<head>
|
||
<meta charset="utf-8" />
|
||
<meta name="description" content="NIBIB-funded researchers have found a way to model the human neuromuscular junction by growing these synapses in a lab, which could accelerate novel treatments for neuromuscular diseases." />
|
||
<meta name="keywords" content="Neurodegenerative Engineered Cells,Regenerative Medicine" />
|
||
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/news-events/newsroom/neuromuscular-junction-hows-function" />
|
||
<link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/node/130676" />
|
||
<meta name="generator" content="Drupal 8 (http://drupal.org)" />
|
||
<meta property="og:site_name" content="National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering" />
|
||
<meta property="og:title" content="Neuromuscular junction, how’s that function?" />
|
||
<meta property="og:description" content="NIBIB-funded researchers have found a way to model the human neuromuscular junction by growing these synapses in a lab, which could accelerate novel treatments for neuromuscular diseases." />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@NIBIBgov" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Neuromuscular junction, how’s that function?" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:description" content="NIBIB-funded researchers have found a way to model the human neuromuscular junction by growing these synapses in a lab, which could accelerate novel treatments for neuromuscular diseases." />
|
||
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" />
|
||
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" />
|
||
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
|
||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
|
||
<link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/nibib/assets/img/favicon-2024.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
|
||
<script>window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={};</script>
|
||
|
||
<title>Neuromuscular junction, how’s that function?</title>
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_uhpxH992uzTZVPWodt1pbyg-2FbciyNq6cnT2PoWjTE.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=nibib&include=eJyFUNFuwzAI_CEr_iSEbdLSOGAZ0jX7-jlZN3VSpb2gO3RwB1iKK8oe8Qmmuat4QDNyYLlRdu0xm015ocKDwCBwQHunEvow8L3RKROiMqhCIui06p3Ku6GGQhW-a9rcVeDOxqnSO3UnI-z5CvMmheUCnS9XB-NCMPPjNP3f0zuyHNPamnbfhJ3JYPzhPO6IHxLm5djk2uILBs4qIVX83GNHZw2_v2EpJJ6q5iW-4JC1Uyx9a1gnvOHjT6MwVr0EenhlWX66TxrWsRrjzNWpTxnb8JMgnDjF8ywLtpvTOhIafQE-Ebfd" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_aEF6OqZqjqJLoh0a2euYBizjn0L0bvyOyKjN-8ltJN4.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=nibib&include=eJyFUNFuwzAI_CEr_iSEbdLSOGAZ0jX7-jlZN3VSpb2gO3RwB1iKK8oe8Qmmuat4QDNyYLlRdu0xm015ocKDwCBwQHunEvow8L3RKROiMqhCIui06p3Ku6GGQhW-a9rcVeDOxqnSO3UnI-z5CvMmheUCnS9XB-NCMPPjNP3f0zuyHNPamnbfhJ3JYPzhPO6IHxLm5djk2uILBs4qIVX83GNHZw2_v2EpJJ6q5iW-4JC1Uyx9a1gnvOHjT6MwVr0EenhlWX66TxrWsRrjzNWpTxnb8JMgnDjF8ywLtpvTOhIafQE-Ebfd" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_11GMEshzEGbOCSQllNQaVK4LkoqZwZLhLy6lyXEy8Gc.css?delta=2&language=en&theme=nibib&include=eJyFUNFuwzAI_CEr_iSEbdLSOGAZ0jX7-jlZN3VSpb2gO3RwB1iKK8oe8Qmmuat4QDNyYLlRdu0xm015ocKDwCBwQHunEvow8L3RKROiMqhCIui06p3Ku6GGQhW-a9rcVeDOxqnSO3UnI-z5CvMmheUCnS9XB-NCMPPjNP3f0zuyHNPamnbfhJ3JYPzhPO6IHxLm5djk2uILBs4qIVX83GNHZw2_v2EpJJ6q5iW-4JC1Uyx9a1gnvOHjT6MwVr0EenhlWX66TxrWsRrjzNWpTxnb8JMgnDjF8ywLtpvTOhIafQE-Ebfd" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
|
||
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
|
||
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
|
||
j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
|
||
'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
|
||
})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-T4JGL8');</script>
|
||
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body class="fontyourface">
|
||
<a href="#main-content" class="usa-sr-only focusable">
|
||
Skip to main content
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<section class="usa-banner">
|
||
<div class="usa-overlay"></div>
|
||
<section class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official website of the United States government">
|
||
<div class="usa-accordion">
|
||
<header class="usa-banner__header">
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__inner">
|
||
<div class="grid-col-auto">
|
||
<img
|
||
aria-hidden="true" class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/themes/custom/nibib/assets/uswds/img/us_flag_small.png" alt="USA flag"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<p class="usa-banner__header-text">
|
||
An official website of the United States government
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p class="usa-banner__header-action">Here’s how you know</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default-default">
|
||
<span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default-default">
|
||
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg">
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__guidance mobile-lg:grid-col-6 tablet:grid-col-4 desktop:grid-col-3">
|
||
<img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img " src="/themes/custom/nibib/assets/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="Dot gov icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
|
||
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<strong>Official websites use .gov</strong><br/>A
|
||
<strong>.gov</strong>
|
||
website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__guidance mobile-lg:grid-col-6 tablet:grid-col-4 desktop:grid-col-3">
|
||
<img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/themes/custom/nibib/assets/uswds/img/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="Lock Icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
|
||
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong><br/>A
|
||
<strong>lock</strong>
|
||
(
|
||
<span class="icon-lock">
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewbox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-description-default" focusable="false">
|
||
<title id="banner-lock-title-default">Lock</title>
|
||
<desc id="banner-lock-description-default">Locked padlock icon</desc>
|
||
<path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"/>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</span>) or
|
||
<strong>https://</strong>
|
||
means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-overlay"></div>
|
||
|
||
<header class="usa-header usa-header--extended usa-header--extended-megamenu " id="header" role="banner">
|
||
<div class="region region-header usa-navbar desktop:padding-y-1 desktop:padding-x-0">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-logo site-logo" id="logo">
|
||
<a class="logo-img" href="/" accesskey="1" title="National Instititue of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), Home" aria-label="Home">
|
||
<img src="/sites/default/files/NIBIB_Logo_Master_2023.svg" alt="National Instititue of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), Home" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<button type="button" class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav">
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__inner">
|
||
<button type="button" class="usa-nav__close">
|
||
<img src="/themes/custom/nibib/assets/uswds/img/usa-icons/close.svg" role="img" alt="Close"/>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
||
|
||
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-mega-nav-section-1">
|
||
<span>Funding </span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="extended-mega-nav-section-1" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu" hidden="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row mm-container">
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col flex-auto duplicated-parent">
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span><a href="/funding" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/156661">Funding</a> <span class="uswds-arrow-forward"></span></span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row mm-container">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col-4 submenu-list-container">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span class="nolink"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-heading">FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES</span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-1" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/funding/opportunities/all" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="funding/opportunities/all"> <span>All Funding Opportunities</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/funding/opportunities/research" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="funding/opportunities/research"> <span>Research Opportunities</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/funding/opportunities/training" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="funding/opportunities/training"> <span>Training Opportunities</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/funding/opportunities/small-business" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="funding/opportunities/small-business"> <span>Small Business Opportunities</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/funding/opportunities/limited-resource-Institutions" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="funding/opportunities/limited-resource-Institutions"> <span>Limited-resource Institutions</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col-4 submenu-list-container">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span class="nolink"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-heading">FUNDING RESOURCES</span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-2" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/funding/notices" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="funding/notices"> <span>Funding Notices</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/funding/policies" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/147366"> <span>Funding Policies</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/funding/nibib-data-management-sharing" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/138366"> <span>NIBIB Data Management and Sharing </span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/funding/resources" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/147391"> <span>Research Resources</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
||
|
||
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-mega-nav-section-2">
|
||
<span>Research & Training Programs </span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="extended-mega-nav-section-2" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu" hidden="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row mm-container">
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col flex-auto duplicated-parent">
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span><a href="/programs" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/156656">Research & Training Programs</a> <span class="uswds-arrow-forward"></span></span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row mm-container">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col-4 submenu-list-container">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span class="nolink"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-heading">PROGRAMS</span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-1" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/programs/division-applied-science-technology-dast" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41841"> <span>Biomedical Imaging</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/programs/division-discovery-science-technology-ddst" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/142251"> <span>Bioengineering</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/programs/division-health-informatics-technologies-dhit" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41846"> <span>Informatics</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/programs/division-interdisciplinary-training-didt" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/47546"> <span>Training</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/programs/small-business-programs" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/156681"> <span>Small Business</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col-4 submenu-list-container">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span class="nolink"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-heading">COLLABORATIONS TO ACCELERATE TECHNOLOGY</span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-2" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/programs/radx-innovation-funnel" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/146966"> <span>RADx Tech Innovation Funnel</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/programs/interagency-modeling-analysis-group-imag" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/121821"> <span>Interagency Modeling and Analysis Group (IMAG)</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/programs/point-care-technologies-research-network" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/121936"> <span>Point-of-Care Technology Network (POCTRN)</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/programs/medical-imaging-data-resource-center" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/127326"> <span>Medical Imaging Data Resource (MIDRC)</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/programs/radx-tech-program/mars" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/133076"> <span>RADx Mobile At-home Reporting (MARS)</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/programs/national-centers-biomedical-imaging-bioengineering" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/143396"> <span>National Technology Centers Program (P41)</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
||
|
||
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-mega-nav-section-3">
|
||
<span>Labs @ NIBIB </span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="extended-mega-nav-section-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu" hidden="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row mm-container">
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col flex-auto duplicated-parent">
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span><a href="/labs-at-nibib" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/156726">Labs @ NIBIB</a> <span class="uswds-arrow-forward"></span></span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row mm-container">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col-4 submenu-list-container">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span class="nolink"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-heading">RESOURCES AND CORES</span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-1" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/labs-at-nibib/center-for-biomedical-engineering-technology-acceleration-beta" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/140991"> <span>BETA Center</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/labs-at-nibib/advanced-imaging-and-microscopy-aim-resource" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/69321"> <span>Advanced Imaging/Microscopy</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/labs-at-nibib/trans-nih-shared-resource-biomedical-engineering-and-physical-science-beps" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13551"> <span>Biomed Engineering/Physical Science</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/labs-at-nibib/ideas-lab" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135571"> <span>IDEAS Resource</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/labs-at-nibib/molecular-tracer-and-imaging-core-facility" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/138926"> <span>Molecular Tracer and Imaging Core</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col-4 submenu-list-container">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span class="nolink"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-heading">LABS</span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-2" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/labs-at-nibib/laboratory-cellular-imaging-and-macromolecular-biophysics-lcimb" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/141566"> <span>Cellular Imaging</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/labs-at-nibib/dynamics-macromolecular-assembly" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/138901"> <span>Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/labs-at-nibib/section-immunoengineering" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/138956"> <span>Immunoengineering</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/labs-at-nibib/section-mechanics-tissue-remodeling-integrating-computational-experimental-systems" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/144586"> <span>Mechanics and Tissue Remodeling</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/labs-at-nibib/section-mechanobiology" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/138971"> <span>Mechanobiology</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/labs-at-nibib/quantitative-medical-imaging" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/138916"> <span>Quantitative Imaging</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col-4 submenu-list-container">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span target="_self" class="nolink"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-heading">RELATED LINKS</span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-3" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/labs-at-nibib/besip" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/34251"> <span>Summer Internship at NIBIB</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/labs-at-nibib/nibib-board-scientific-counselors" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/32501"> <span>Board of Scientific Counselors</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
||
|
||
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-mega-nav-section-4">
|
||
<span>Science Education </span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="extended-mega-nav-section-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu" hidden="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row mm-container">
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col flex-auto duplicated-parent">
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span><a href="/science-education" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/156666">Science Education</a> <span class="uswds-arrow-forward"></span></span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row mm-container">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col-4 submenu-list-container">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span target="_self" class="nolink"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-heading">SCIENCE TOPICS</span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-1" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/science-topics/artificial-intelligence-ai" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114791"> <span>Artificial Intelligence (AI)</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/science-topics/biomaterial-technologies" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/156766"> <span>Biomaterial Technologies</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/science-topics/computational-modeling" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/31416"> <span>Computational Modeling</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/science-topics/computed-tomography-ct" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18996"> <span>Computed Tomography (CT) </span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/science-topics/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18786"> <span>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/science-topics/mammography" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19036"> <span>Mammography</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/science-topics/medical-device-technologies" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/156341"> <span>Medical Device Technologies</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/science-topics/medical-simulators" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/156431"> <span>Medical Simulators</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col-4 submenu-list-container">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span class="nolink"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-heading">SCIENCE TOPICS cont…</span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-2" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/science-topics/nuclear-medicine" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18831"> <span>Nuclear Medicine</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/science-topics/optical-imaging" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/31426"> <span>Optical Imaging</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/science-topics/rapid-diagnostics" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/157006"> <span>Rapid Diagnostics</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/science-topics/rehabilitation-engineering" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/30891"> <span>Rehabilitation Engineering</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/science-topics/robotic-and-bionic-medical-devices" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/153676"> <span>Robotic and Bionic Medical Devices</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/science-topics/sensors" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/34241"> <span>Sensors</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/science-topics/telehealth" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/33346"> <span>Telehealth</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/science-topics/ultrasound" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18766"> <span>Ultrasound</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/science-topics/x-rays" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19176"> <span>X-Rays</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col-4 submenu-list-container">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span class="nolink"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-heading">EXPLORE and LEARN</span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-3" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/Understanding-Medical-Scans-App" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/68546"> <span>Medical Imaging App</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/beams-challenge" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/143486"> <span>Lesson Plans</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/meet-a-scientist" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/141721"> <span>Meet a Scientist</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYH1eUq1QYrqrvA6HRRgKHcPsoJoJA6Kj" target="_blank" class="link"> <span>Featured Videos</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/glossary" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="science-education/glossary"> <span>Glossary</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
||
|
||
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-mega-nav-section-5">
|
||
<span>News & Events </span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="extended-mega-nav-section-5" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu" hidden="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row mm-container">
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col flex-auto duplicated-parent">
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span><a href="/news-events" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/156671">News & Events</a> <span class="uswds-arrow-forward"></span></span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row mm-container">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col-4 submenu-list-container">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span target="_self" class="nolink"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-heading">NEWS</span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-1" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/news-events/newsroom" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/newsroom"> <span>Newsroom</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/news-events/press-releases" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/press-releases"> <span>Press Releases</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/news-events/science-highlights" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/science-highlights"> <span>Science Highlights</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/news-events/nibib-news" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/nibib-news"> <span>NIBIB in the News</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col-4 submenu-list-container">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span class="nolink"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-heading">EVENTS</span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-2" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/news-events/meetings-events/upcoming-events" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/meetings-events/upcoming-events"> <span>Upcoming Events</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/news-events/meetings-events/past-events" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/meetings-events/past-events"> <span>Past Events</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/news-events/meetings-events/photo-galleries" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/meetings-events/photo-galleries"> <span>Event Photos</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col-4 submenu-list-container">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span target="_self" class="nolink"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-heading">MEDIA RESOURCES</span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-3" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/science-education/science-topics" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/131271"> <span>Science Topics</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="mailto:nibibpress@mail.nih.gov" target="_self" class="link"> <span>Contact Us</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
||
|
||
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-mega-nav-section-6">
|
||
<span>About NIBIB </span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="extended-mega-nav-section-6" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu" hidden="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row mm-container">
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col flex-auto duplicated-parent">
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span><a href="/about-nibib" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/156676">About NIBIB</a> <span class="uswds-arrow-forward"></span></span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row mm-container">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col-4 submenu-list-container">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span target="_self" class="nolink"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-heading">WHO WE ARE</span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-1" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about-nibib/mission" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/79861"> <span>Mission & History</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about-nibib/directors-corner" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/121791"> <span>Director's Corner</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about-nibib/organizational-chart" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18836"> <span>Organization Chart</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about-nibib/advisory-council" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/876"> <span>Advisory Council</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about-nibib/careers-at-NIBIB" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/131241"> <span>Jobs @ NIBIB</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="desktop:grid-col-4 submenu-list-container">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
<span target="_self" class="nolink"> <span class="usa-nav__submenu-heading">WHAT WE DO</span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-2" class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about-nibib/strategic-plan" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11846"> <span>Strategic Plan</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about-nibib/budget" target="_self" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/911"> <span>Budget</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__secondary">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<section aria-label="search component" id="nibib-header-search" data-drupal-selector="search-block-form" role="search">
|
||
<form id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8" class="usa-search usa-search--small" role="search" action="/searching" method="get">
|
||
<label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-field-en-small">Search</label>
|
||
<input aria-label="Search" class="usa-input" id="edit-keys" data-drupal-selector="edit-keys" data-original-title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." data-toggle="tooltip" type="search" name="q" value="" tabindex="-1"/>
|
||
<button class="usa-button js-form-submit form-submit" name="search_btn" type="submit" value="Search" tabindex="-1">
|
||
<img src="/themes/custom/nibib/assets/uswds/img/usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg" class="usa-search__submit-icon" alt="Search" />
|
||
</button>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="header-nav__secondary-list">
|
||
<li class="header-nav__secondary-item">
|
||
<a href="/es/nibib-en-espanol"> En Español
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="header-nav__secondary-item">
|
||
<a target="_blank" class="link-list-serve" href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIBIB/subscriber/edit?preferences=true#tab1"> Join LISTSERV
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</header>
|
||
|
||
<main class="main-content usa-layout-docs usa-section " role="main" id="main-content">
|
||
<div class="grid-container">
|
||
<div class="grid-row breadcrumb-social-share-bar">
|
||
<div class="tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-8">
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="block-breadcrumbs" class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<nav class="usa-breadcrumb--wrap" role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumb">
|
||
<ol class="usa-breadcrumb__list">
|
||
<li class="usa-breadcrumb__list-item">
|
||
<a href="/" class="usa-breadcrumb__link"><span>Home</span></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="usa-breadcrumb__list-item">
|
||
<a href="/news-events" class="usa-breadcrumb__link"><span>News & Events</span></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="usa-breadcrumb__list-item">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/newsroom" class="usa-breadcrumb__link"><span>Newsroom</span></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-4">
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="block-addtoanysharebuttons" class="block block-addtoany block-addtoany-block">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/news-events/newsroom/neuromuscular-junction-hows-function" data-a2a-title="Neuromuscular junction, how’s that function?"><a class="a2a_button_email"><span class="a2a_svg a2a_s_a2a a2a_s_email a2a-box"><img src="/themes/custom/nibib/assets/img/email-a2a.svg" border="0" alt="Facebook" width="27" height="27"></span></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"><span class="a2a_svg a2a_s_a2a a2a_s_facebook a2a-box"><img src="/themes/custom/nibib/assets/img/facebook-a2a.svg" border="0" alt="Facebook" width="27" height="27"></span></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin"><span class="a2a_svg a2a_s_a2a a2a_s_linkedin a2a-box"><img src="/themes/custom/nibib/assets/img/linkedin-a2a.svg" border="0" alt="Facebook" width="27" height="27"></span></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"><span class="a2a_svg a2a_s_a2a a2a_s_x a2a-box"><img src="/themes/custom/nibib/assets/img/x-a2a.svg" border="0" alt="Facebook" width="27" height="27"></span
|
||
</a><a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"><span class="a2a_svg a2a_s_a2a a2a_s_whatsapp a2a-box"><img src="/themes/custom/nibib/assets/img/whatsapp-a2a.svg" border="0" alt="Facebook" width="27" height="27"></span></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share"><span class="a2a_svg a2a_s_a2a a2a_s_share a2a-box"><img src="/themes/custom/nibib/assets/img/share-a2a.svg" border="0" alt="Share" width="27" height="27"></span></a></span>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
<div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row ">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row grid-gap">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-layout-docs__main desktop:grid-col-fill">
|
||
|
||
<div id="block-nibib-page-title" class="block--page-title-block">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h1 class="margin-0 page-header">
|
||
<span>Neuromuscular junction, how’s that function?</span>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="block-nibib-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<article data-history-node-id="130676" about="/news-events/newsroom/neuromuscular-junction-hows-function" class="news node node--type-news is-promoted full clearfix">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<div class="grid-row">
|
||
<div class="grid-col flex-auto news--type-date"><strong>
|
||
|
||
<div class="field field--name-field-news-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item">Science Highlights</div>
|
||
</strong></div>
|
||
<div class="grid-col flex-auto news--type-date"><strong>
|
||
|
||
<div class="field field--name-field-publication-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item">January 5, 2022</div>
|
||
</strong></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h3> New method allows for realistic, 3D model of this human synapse </h3>
|
||
|
||
<div id="node--news--more-from-author">
|
||
<h3>Media Contacts</h3>
|
||
<p>Karen Olsen<br/>
|
||
<a href="mailto:nibibpress@mail.nih.gov">nibibpress@mail.nih.gov</a><br/>
|
||
<a href="tel:301-496-3500">301-496-3500</a><br/>
|
||
<a href="/more-content-by/karen-olsen">More by this author</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p style="margin-bottom:12px;">The neuromuscular junction—where nerves and muscle fibers meet—is an essential synapse for muscle contraction and movement. Improper function of these junctions can lead to the development of progressive neuromuscular diseases, some of which have no effective treatment (like Lou Gehrig’s disease). Now, NIBIB-funded researchers have found a way to model the human neuromuscular junction by growing these synapses in a lab, which could accelerate novel treatments for neuromuscular diseases.</p>
|
||
<p>“Traditionally, studies of the neuromuscular junction rely on small animal models, but the human synapse has key differences, ultimately limiting the utility of animal studies,” said David Rampulla, Ph.D., director of the division of Discovery Science & Technology at NIBIB. “Here, the study authors have developed a method to evaluate the neuromuscular junction using human 3D tissue models, which enables a more accurate representation of human disease.”</p>
|
||
<figure role="group" class="align-center">
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden">
|
||
<div class="title usa-sr-only">Media Image</div>
|
||
<div class="field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2024-11/nmj-illustration.jpg" width="1024" height="512" alt="Labeled illustration of the neuromuscular junction" typeof="foaf:Image">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<figcaption>Illustration of a neuromuscular junction. <em>Credit: </em>Wikimedia Commons; see licensing information below.</figcaption>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
<p>The neuromuscular junction is essentially comprised of two different types of cells: skeletal muscle cells and a type of nerve cell called motor neurons. Motor neurons are covered with ion channels, which open in response to electrical signals from the brain. Once these ion channels are open, a series of cascading reactions allows the signal to reach the skeletal muscle cells, which ultimately results in muscle contraction. Therefore, in order to generate a 3D model of the human neuromuscular junction, the researchers had to acquire and grow both these types of cells. They accomplished this by either using a muscle biopsy from a donor, from which muscle cells were isolated and neuron cells were genetically derived, or by using human stem cells which were genetically modified to make both cell types.</p>
|
||
<p>Once they had acquired the necessary cells and grew their models, the researchers needed to find a way to measure how the neuromuscular junction was functioning. To do this, they genetically modified the motor neurons to express ion channels that open when exposed to blue light. This approach, called optogenetics, allows the researchers to precisely stimulate the motor neurons with light and then analyze the resulting muscle contractions. In this way, the researchers can directly control the neuromuscular junction and quantify changes in its function.</p>
|
||
<p>To fully control and monitor these photosensitive models, the researchers grew the motor neurons and muscle cells in separate but adjacent chambers, allowing axons (the thin filaments that carry nerve impulses) to “sprout” from the neurons and travel toward the muscle cells. The researchers then designed a custom optoelectronic platform to both stimulate—and film—their models. Then they could analyze how well the muscle tissues were contracting in response to stimulation (from the blue light).</p>
|
||
<figure role="group" class="align-center">
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="blazy blazy--nojs blazy--field blazy--field-media-oembed-video blazy--field-media-oembed-video--aspect-ratio-16x9-1-2-content-width field field--name-field-media-oembed-video field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item" data-blazy> <div data-b-token="b-bd87a975c00" class="media media--blazy media--youtube media--bundle--remote-video media--video media--ratio media--ratio--169"> <iframe allowfullscreen src="/media/oembed?url=https%3A//www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv%3DQLakC-VLRXA%26t%3D9s&max_width=0&max_height=0&hash=imGaDfSB6FQdniakvxCh20X6HwaDLH4zejjH95AbB0g&blazy=1" class="media__element" loading="lazy"></iframe>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<figcaption><em><strong>Top</strong></em><strong>:</strong> Muscle cells are grown in a chamber with two flexible pillars, while motor neurons are grown in a separate but connected chamber above (not shown). After approximately two weeks, the muscle tissue becomes innervated (contains axons). When the motor neurons are exposed to blue light pulses (flashes in upper left corner), the muscle tissue contracts. <em>Bottom</em>: The contractions of the muscle tissue are measured in response to the light pulses. If the light pulse triggers a contraction, it is indicated in green; if the light pulse does not trigger a contraction, it is indicated in red. <em>Credit</em>: Vunjak-Novakovic lab at Columbia University.</figcaption>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
<p>“Beyond studying the healthy neuromuscular junction, our method can also be adapted for patient-specific models, to either diagnose disease, or eventually to evaluate new treatment modalities for hard-to-treat neuromuscular conditions,” explained senior study author Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic, Ph.D., University Professor and Mikati Foundation Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Columbia University in New York.</p>
|
||
<p>Indeed, in their study, the researchers exposed their models to serum taken from patients with myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disease that attacks the neuromuscular junction and causes muscle weakness. The researchers found that exposure to this serum drastically impaired the function of their human models, demonstrating that their system can be used to model human disease.</p>
|
||
<p>“Our platform demonstrates that we can quantify the function of both healthy and diseased models of the human neuromuscular junction in an unbiased, reproducible manner,” noted Vunjak-Novakovic.</p>
|
||
<figure role="group" class="align-left">
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden">
|
||
<div class="title usa-sr-only">Media Image</div>
|
||
<div class="field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2024-04/vila_et_al_200dpi-for_sci_hi.jpg" width="344" height="258" alt=" Image of the human neuromuscular junction model" typeof="foaf:Image">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<figcaption> A human neuromuscular junction model, where motor neurons (green) innervate a skeletal muscle tissue (red). Credit: Vunjak-Novakovic lab at Columbia University.</figcaption>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
<p>“New approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are sorely needed, as decades of research have resulted in limited therapeutic advances,” said first study author Olaia F. Vila, Ph.D., who is now a scientist at Amgen in San Francisco. “We hope that our models of the human neuromuscular junction can be used in the near future to aid drug discovery and new treatments for some of these diseases.”</p>
|
||
<p>This study was reported in <em>Biomaterials</em>.</p>
|
||
<p>This work was supported by two grants from NIBIB (EB025765 and EB027062) along with a grant from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS; grant U01ES032673) and an award from the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD; award number W81XWH-18-1-0095). One study author received support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI; grants R01HL130533, R01HL135358, and P01HL146366), the National Eye Institute (NEI; grant R01EY028249), and the National Institute on Aging (NIA; grant RF1AG072052).</p>
|
||
<p>Study reference: Olaia F. Vila et al. Bioengineered optogenetic model of human neuromuscular junction. <em>Biomaterials</em>, Volume 276 (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121033" target="_blank" title="Persistent link using digital object identifier">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121033</a></p>
|
||
<p>About the artwork (top graphic): This graphic was adapted for this highlight and is licensed under the Creative Commons <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International</a> license.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</main>
|
||
|
||
<footer class="usa-footer usa-footer--big">
|
||
<div class="usa-footer__primary-section">
|
||
<div class="grid-container pre-footer">
|
||
<div class="prefooter-row">
|
||
<div class="pre-footer-col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-nibib-prefootermenu1-menu" id="block-nibib-prefootermenu1">
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="block-nibib-prefootermenu1-menu">Research</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="menu menu--pre-footer-menu-1 nav">
|
||
<li class="first">
|
||
<a href="/programs/division-interdisciplinary-training-didt/debut" class="first" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/121961">DEBUT</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/funding/opportunities/all" data-drupal-link-system-path="funding/opportunities/all">Funding Opportunities</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/labs-at-nibib" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/156726">Labs@NIBIB</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="last">
|
||
<a href="/programs/division-interdisciplinary-training-didt" class="last" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/47546">Training</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="pre-footer-col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-nibib-prefootermenu2-menu" id="block-nibib-prefootermenu2">
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="block-nibib-prefootermenu2-menu">EXPLORE</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="menu menu--pre-footer-menu-2 nav">
|
||
<li class="first">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/newsroom" class="first" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/newsroom">Newsroom</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/news-events/meetings-events/upcoming-events" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/meetings-events/upcoming-events">Events</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/science-education" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/156666">Science Education</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="last">
|
||
<a href="/about-nibib/strategic-plan" class="last" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11846">Strategic Plan</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="pre-footer-col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-nibib-prefootermenu3-menu" id="block-nibib-prefootermenu3">
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="block-nibib-prefootermenu3-menu">SITE INFO</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="menu menu--pre-footer-menu-3 nav">
|
||
<li class="first">
|
||
<a href="/disclaimer" class="first" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18756">Disclaimer</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/policies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18761">Policies</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/sitemap" data-drupal-link-system-path="sitemap">Sitemap</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="last">
|
||
<a href="/about-nibib/staff" class="last" data-drupal-link-system-path="about-nibib/staff">Staff Directory</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="pre-footer-col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="block-nibib-listserv" class="block block-simple-block block-simple-blockprefooter-block-4">
|
||
|
||
<h2 class="block-title" >LISTSERV</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-sign-up">
|
||
<form class="usa-form" accept-charset="UTF-8" action="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIBIB/subscribers/qualify" id="GD-snippet-form" method="post">
|
||
<input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓">
|
||
<input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="3VodVbPSwVMsPIIUJqtTROIeRmelSDuxCCzkKeiQhgJhy86M45yuIBHV3dt6P927jW7W5igGxTijSVid0BSqLQ=="> Get the latest NIBIB news and updates <label class="usa-sr-only" for="email">Email Address</label><br />
|
||
<input class="usa-input" id="email" name="email" placeholder="Email Address" type="text">
|
||
<input class="usa-button usa-button--secondary" name="commit" type="submit" value="Submit"> </p>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="footer-agency">
|
||
<div class="grid-container">
|
||
<div class="grid-row">
|
||
<div class="usa-footer__logo footer-agency--column">
|
||
<div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-auto">
|
||
<a href="https://nibib.nih.gov">
|
||
<img class="usa-footer__logo-img" src="/themes/custom/nibib/assets/img/NIBIB_Logo_Master_2024-footer.png" alt="Agency logo">
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="footer-agency--column">
|
||
<div class="usa-footer__contact-links ">
|
||
<div class="usa-footer__contact-links-title">
|
||
<h5>STAY IN TOUCH</h5>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="usa-footer__social-links grid-row grid-gap-1">
|
||
<div class="grid-col-auto">
|
||
<a class="usa-social-link usa-social-link--facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/nibibgov">
|
||
<img class="usa-social-link__icon" src="/themes/custom/nibib/assets/uswds/img/usa-icons/facebook.svg" alt="Facebook">
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-col-auto">
|
||
<a class="usa-social-link usa-social-link--twitter" href="https://twitter.com/nibibgov">
|
||
<img class="usa-social-link__icon" src="/themes/custom/nibib/assets/uswds/img/usa-icons/x.svg" alt="Twitter">
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-col-auto">
|
||
<a class="usa-social-link usa-social-link--youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NIBIBTV">
|
||
<img class="usa-social-link__icon" src="/themes/custom/nibib/assets/uswds/img/usa-icons/youtube.svg" alt="YouTube">
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-col-auto">
|
||
<a class="usa-social-link usa-social-link--linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-institute-of-biomedical-imaging-and-bioengineering-nibib/">
|
||
<img class="usa-social-link__icon" src="/themes/custom/nibib/assets/uswds/img/usa-icons/linkedin.svg" alt="LinkedIn">
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-col-auto">
|
||
<a class="usa-social-link usa-social-link--rss" href="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/rss-feeds">
|
||
<img class="usa-social-link__icon" src="/themes/custom/nibib/assets/uswds/img/usa-icons/rss_feed.svg" alt="RSS">
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="usa-footer__contact-links-contact">
|
||
<a href="/contact-us">Contact Us</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-footer__secondary-section">
|
||
<div class="grid-container">
|
||
<div class="grid-row">
|
||
<div class="pre-footer-col-fill">
|
||
<p class="margin-0"><a href="/">nibib.nih.gov</a><br/><em>An official website of the <Span class="link-underlined"><a href="https://www.nih.gov">National Institutes of Health</a></span> and the <Span class="link-underlined"><a href="https://www.hhs.gov">Department of Health and Human Services</a></span></em></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="grid-container">
|
||
<div class="grid-row bottom-footer-links">
|
||
|
||
<div class="tablet:grid-col-12">
|
||
<nav class="usa-footer__nav usa-identifier__container">
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 footer-menu-item">
|
||
<strong><a href="https://www.nih.gov/about-nih" class="link usa-footer_secondary-link">About NIH</a></strong>
|
||
<ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 footer-menu-item">
|
||
<strong><a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="link usa-footer_secondary-link">FOIA requests</a></strong>
|
||
<ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 footer-menu-item">
|
||
<strong><a href="https://oig.hhs.gov/" class="link usa-footer_secondary-link">Office of the Inspector General</a></strong>
|
||
<ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 footer-menu-item">
|
||
<strong><a href="https://www.nih.gov/privacy-policy" class="link usa-footer_secondary-link">Privacy policy</a></strong>
|
||
<ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 footer-menu-item">
|
||
<strong><a href="https://www.nih.gov/accessibility" class="link usa-footer_secondary-link">Accessibility statement</a></strong>
|
||
<ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 footer-menu-item">
|
||
<strong><a href="https://www.edi.nih.gov/no-fear-act" class="link usa-footer_secondary-link">No FEAR Act data</a></strong>
|
||
<ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 footer-menu-item">
|
||
<strong><a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="link usa-footer_secondary-link">Vulnerability Disclosure</a></strong>
|
||
<ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="grid-container ">
|
||
<div class="grid-row">
|
||
<div class="pre-footer-col-fill">
|
||
<p class="margin-0">Looking for U.S. government information and services? <Span class="link-underlined"><a href="https://USA.gov">Visit USA.gov</a></span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</footer>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/130676","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJyFUEFywzAI_JBqPUmDJZwQy6ABnMR9fWXX7eSQTi-aXVhYLVCKC_AW4QTDpMIewAw9Ed8wu2jMZkOesVAnqZO0Q3unYnxY8q3hIWPE0qmkEZPiIncs74YaMNb0_Y6ru3C6k9FY8Z1a0RA0X9O0ciG-JKXL1ZNRwTTR8zD939MViPdpaU3UVyYntNTvcITbvx9GyPO-yaXFF5woC__ZvPW5Cp9bVHCS8Hs24oLsY5U8xxccsijGomuDOhSCKpcBbvAM-PRKPP-0ThqWvg7iRNVRhwyte3BgGmmMR0o7yaXKCPXDslJ7LZqBbidd7VEs2GaOS89gGI5K2mGcFBZ8iM5fIOvYuA","theme":"nibib","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"back_to_top":{"back_to_top_button_trigger":100,"back_to_top_speed":1200,"back_to_top_prevent_on_mobile":true,"back_to_top_prevent_in_admin":false,"back_to_top_button_type":"image","back_to_top_button_text":"Scroll to top"},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extTargetAppendNewWindowLabel":"(opens in a new window)","extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":true,"extTitleNoOverride":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"(.)\\.gov\/(.)|(.)\\.gov","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":".social_media_share_icons, ul.we-mega-menu-ul, .path-research-funding .main-container.container .row .col-sm-12 .dynamic-layouts-container .dynamic-layout-row.rows_one_col_one_two .col_two_row_one:nth-child(2) section.block.block-block-content:nth-child(1), .path-taxonomy .main-container.container .row .col-sm-12 .dynamic-layouts-container .dynamic-layout-row.rows_one_col_one_two .col_two_row_one:nth-child(2) section.block.block-block-content:nth-child(1),\r\n.path-frontpage .main-container.container .region.region-content #block-nibib-homepage-slider.background-gradient\r\n.carousel.slide .carousel-indicators li","extCssInclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"You are leaving the NIBIB website.\r\nThis external link provides additional information that is consistent with the intended purpose of this site. NIBIB cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal site. Linking to a non-federal site does not constitute an endorsement by NIBIB or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the site. \r\nYou will be subject to the destination site`s privacy policy when you follow the link.","extHideIcons":false,"mailtoClass":"mailto","telClass":"tel","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","telLabel":"(link is a phone number)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extPreventOrphan":false,"extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","extAdditionalLinkClasses":"","extAdditionalMailtoClasses":"","extAdditionalTelClasses":"","extFaTelClasses":"fa fa-phone","whitelistedDomains":[],"extExcludeNoreferrer":""}},"blazy":{"loadInvisible":false,"offset":100,"saveViewportOffsetDelay":50,"validateDelay":null,"container":"","loader":false,"unblazy":false,"visibleClass":false},"blazyIo":{"disconnect":false,"rootMargin":"0px","threshold":[0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1]},"mediaelement":{"attachSitewide":0,"setDimensions":1},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"5d02273f88884bb823a737a4f2b97e7e823a3c5950c86691a545715b47c2093d"}}</script>
|
||
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_lPfvPfFFF1NR9XduXW0yGElc-f7ccXqpXeLfSQirg6g.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=nibib&include=eJxNiVsOgzAMBC9kkiOhzQNksOIoDirp6ctHqlbaj5lZpNQVZXhMcFvT0ikgnmvXZ9X_8XoYBcF7PNEyRW3Zp3ZViEsM0d3hwE357sLl_F5TqXDg4HfRAFksNq7dftEMbUy97JXsA4rjPGA"></script>
|
||
<script src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" defer></script>
|
||
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js__GbrvRvcTy8JkqPPbsvklrpF4XgTLmWwxa_7yejIe4Q.js?scope=footer&delta=2&language=en&theme=nibib&include=eJxNiVsOgzAMBC9kkiOhzQNksOIoDirp6ctHqlbaj5lZpNQVZXhMcFvT0ikgnmvXZ9X_8XoYBcF7PNEyRW3Zp3ZViEsM0d3hwE357sLl_F5TqXDg4HfRAFksNq7dftEMbUy97JXsA4rjPGA"></script>
|
||
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|