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<p class="h1 heading-1 text-reverse">Alcohol's Effects on Health</p>
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<p class="text--reverse">Research-based information on drinking and its impact.</p>
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الكحول والدماغ: نظرة عامة (Arabic)
|
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<article>
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<div class="pub-content">
|
||
<h1 class="margin-btm-double text-right">
|
||
<span>الكحول والدماغ: نظرة عامة (Arabic)</span>
|
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</h1>
|
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<!--pub-lead -->
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<div class="content-river">
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|
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<div> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/medium__350x350_/public/brain_fact_sheet.jpg?itok=D_HCqa3J" width="350" height="387" alt="image of the brain" loading="lazy">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption> لمسارات الألياف في دماغ (DTI) تصوير الانتشار المُوَتِّر<br>
|
||
رجل يبلغ من العمر 58 عامًا مصاب باضطراب تعاطي<br>
|
||
مسارات المادة البيضاء في DTI الكحوليات. يرسم تصوير<br>
|
||
.الدماغ الحي<br>
|
||
الصورة مهداة من الدكتورين أدولف بفيفيرباوم، دكتوراة في<br>
|
||
الطب والفلسفة، وإديث في سوليفان، دكتوراة في الفلسفة</figcaption>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p dir="rtl" lang="ar">يتداخل الكحول مع مسارات التواصل في الدماغ الأمر الذي يمكن أن يؤثر على طريقة عمل الدماغ وشكله. يجعل الكحول من الصعب على مناطق الدماغ التي تتحكم في التوازن والذاكرة والكلام والتمييز القيام بمهامها، مما يؤدي إلى زيادة احتمالية حدوث إصابات ونتائج سلبية أخرى. يتسبب الإفراط في الشرب على المدى الطويل في تغيرات في الخلايا العصبية، مثل انخفاض حجمها. فيما يلي بعض الموضوعات الرئيسية المتعلقة بالكحول والدماغ.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2 dir="rtl" lang="ar">دماغ المراهقين</h2>
|
||
|
||
<p dir="rtl" lang="ar"><a href="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/alcohol-and-adolescent-brain">أدمغة المراهقين</a> أكثر عُرضة للآثار السلبية للكحول من أدمغة البالغين. سوء استخدام الكحول في أثناء المراهقة يؤدي إلى تغّير في نمو الدماغ، مما يؤدي إلى تغيرات طويلة الأمد في بنية الدماغ ووظيفته.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2 dir="rtl" lang="ar">حالات فقدان الذاكرة المؤقت بسبب الكحول</h2>
|
||
|
||
<p dir="rtl" lang="ar">يمكن أن يتسبب سوء استخدام الكحول<a href="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/interrupted-memories-alcohol-induced-blackouts"> في حالات فقدان الذاكرة المؤقت بسبب الكحول</a>. المقصود بحالات فقدان الذاكرة المؤقت هو عجز الشخص عن تذكّر بعض الأحداث بعد شربه للكحول لدرجة الثمالة. تحدث هذه الحالات عندما يشرب شخص ما قدرًا كافيًا من الكحول لدرجة تمنع نقل الذكريات مؤقتًا من الذاكرة قصيرة الأجل إلى الذاكرة طويلة الأجل - وهي العملية التي تعرف باسم دمج الذاكرة - في منطقة الدماغ التي تُسمى الحُصيْن.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2 dir="rtl" lang="ar">التسمم الكحولي</h2>
|
||
|
||
<p dir="rtl" lang="ar">قد تؤدي مواصلة تناول الكحوليات على الرغم من ظهور علامات الاعتلالات الكبرى إلى<a href="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/understanding-dangers-of-alcohol-overdose"> التسمم الكحولي</a>. يحدث التسمم الكحولي عندما يكون مستوى الكحول في مجرى الدم مرتفعاً جداً لدرجة أن أجزاء المخ التي تتحكم في وظائف دعم الحياة الأساسية، كالتنفس، ونبض القلب، والتحكم في الحرارة، تبدأ في التوقف عن العمل. تشمل أعراض التسمم الكحولي الارتباك الذهني، والصعوبة في الحفاظ على الوعي، والقيء، ونوبات الصرع، ومشكلات في التنفس، وبطء نبض القلب، وتنَدّي الجلد، وبَلادة الاستجابات مثل غياب ردّ فعل التهوّع (الذي يمنع حدوث الاختناق) وانخفاض درجة حرارة الجسم بشدة. قد يؤدي التسمم الكحولي إلى تلف دائم في المخ أو إلى الموت.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2 dir="rtl" lang="ar">اضطراب تعاطي الكحول</h2>
|
||
|
||
<p dir="rtl" lang="ar">مع استمرار الأفراد في شرب الكحول بمرور الوقت، قد تحدث تغيرات تدريجية في بنية أدمغتهم ووظيفتها. يمكن أن تؤثر هذه التغييرات على وظيفة المخ وتدفع عملية الانتقال من الاستخدام المُراقب العرضي إلى سوء الاستخدام المزمن، والتي قد يكون من الصعب السيطرة عليها ويؤدي إلى<a href="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/understanding-alcohol-use-disorder"> اضطراب تعاطي الكحول</a> (AUD). قد يدخل الأفراد الذين يعانون من اضطراب تعاطي الكحول المعتدل إلى الشديد في <a href="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/cycle-alcohol-addiction">دورة من إدمان الكحول</a>. إن مدى قدرة الدماغ على العودة إلى طبيعته بعد فترة طويلة من الاعتدال في الشراب غير مفهوم بشكل كامل، ولكن تشير عدد متزايد من الدراسات إلى أن بعض التغيرات في الدماغ التي يسببها اضطراب تعاطي الكحول على الأقل - والتغيرات في التفكير والشعور والسلوك التي تصاحبها - يمكن أن تتحسن وربما تنعكس بعد أشهر من الامتناع عن الشرب. (يتوفر المزيد من التفاصيل حول علم الأعصاب لاضطراب تعاطي الكحول في قسم <a href="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/health-professionals-communities/core-resource-on-alcohol/neuroscience-brain-addiction-and-recovery">علم الأعصاب: الدماغ في الإدمان والتعافي</a> من <em>الموارد الأساسية لاختصاصي الرعاية الصحية حول الكحول</em>.)</p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="pub-highlighted dir=" rtl>
|
||
<h2 dir="rtl" lang="ar">التعرّض للكحول قبل الولادة</h2>
|
||
|
||
<p dir="rtl" lang="ar">يمكن أن يسبب <a href="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/fetal-alcohol-exposure">التعرّض للكحول قبل الولادة</a> تلفًا في الدماغ، مما يؤدي إلى مجموعة من مشكلات النمو والمشكلات المعرفية والسلوكية، والتي يمكن أن تظهر في أي وقت أثناء الطفولة. يمكن للكحول أن يعطّل نمو الجنين في أي مرحلة أثناء الحمل - بما في ذلك في المراحل المبكرة وقبل أن تعرف المرأة أنها حامل.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
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<h2 dir="rtl" lang="ar">لمزيد من المعلومات حول الكحول وصحة الدماغ، يُرجى زيارة صفحة موضوع <a href="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/health-topics-alcohol-and-brain">الكحول والدماغ</a>.</h2>
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