1305 lines
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<h1>
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<span>Glaucoma</span>
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</h1>
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<div class="c-jump-menu__intro">On this page:</div>
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<a class="c-jump-menu__item" href="#section-id-5459">Types</a>
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<a class="c-jump-menu__item" href="#section-id-29">Symptoms</a>
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<a class="c-jump-menu__item" href="#section-id-31">Risk</a>
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<a class="c-jump-menu__item" href="#section-id-37">Causes</a>
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<a class="c-jump-menu__item" href="#section-id-41">Diagnosis</a>
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<a class="c-jump-menu__item" href="#section-id-46">Treatment</a>
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<a class="c-jump-menu__item" href="#section-id-50">Research</a>
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<a class="c-jump-menu__item" href="#section-id-51">Resources</a>
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<div class="js-view-dom-id-f8859fccdf63ba76cd157dcfa9882108d51f5541cdfde4ee16091a7554bb7791 nei-disease-subpage-list">
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<div class="views-row"><div class="c-at-a-glance">
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<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_medium/public/2019-01/eyechart.jpg?itok=Di0eAMPa" width="600" height="600" alt="Eye chart." title="eyechart.jpg" />
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</div>
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<div class="c-at-a-glance__content">
|
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<h2 class="c-at-a-glance__title">At a glance: Glaucoma</h2>
|
||
<ul><li><div class="c-at-a-glance__item">
|
||
<strong class="c-at-a-glance__label">Early Symptoms:</strong>
|
||
<div class="c-at-a-glance__description"><p>Often none</p></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li><li><div class="c-at-a-glance__item">
|
||
<strong class="c-at-a-glance__label">Later Symptoms:</strong>
|
||
<div class="c-at-a-glance__description"><p>Loss of side (peripheral) vision, blind spots, blindness</p></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li><li><div class="c-at-a-glance__item">
|
||
<strong class="c-at-a-glance__label">Diagnosis:</strong>
|
||
<div class="c-at-a-glance__description"><p>Dilated eye exam with visual field testing</p></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li><li><div class="c-at-a-glance__item">
|
||
<strong class="c-at-a-glance__label">Treatment:</strong>
|
||
<div class="c-at-a-glance__description"><p>Medicine (usually eye drops), laser treatment, surgery</p></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li></ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="c-section" id="section-id-23">
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<h2 class="c-section__heading">
|
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|
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What is glaucoma?
|
||
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</h2>
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<div class="c-text">
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||
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||
<p>Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can cause vision loss and blindness by damaging a nerve in the back of your eye called the optic nerve.</p><p>The symptoms can start so slowly that you may not notice them. The only way to find out if you have glaucoma is to get a comprehensive dilated eye exam.</p><p>There’s no cure for glaucoma, but early treatment can often stop the damage and protect your vision.</p>
|
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="c-section" id="section-id-5459">
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<h2 class="c-section__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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What are the types of glaucoma?
|
||
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||
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</h2>
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|
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<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>There are many different types of glaucoma, but the most common type in the United States is called <strong>open-angle glaucoma</strong> — that’s what most people mean when they talk about glaucoma. Other types are less common, like angle-closure glaucoma and congenital glaucoma.</p>
|
||
|
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</div>
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<div class="c-link">
|
||
|
||
<a href="/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/glaucoma/types-glaucoma" class="c-link__link">Learn more about the types of glaucoma</a>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
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||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
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<div class="c-section" id="section-id-29">
|
||
<h2 class="c-section__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
What are the symptoms of glaucoma?
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>At first, glaucoma doesn’t usually have any symptoms. That’s why half of people with glaucoma don’t even know they have it.</p><p>Over time, you may slowly lose vision, usually starting with your side (peripheral) vision — especially the part of your vision that’s closest to your nose. Because it happens so slowly, many people can’t tell that their vision is changing at first.</p><p>But as the disease gets worse, you may start to notice that you can’t see things off to the side anymore. Without treatment, glaucoma can eventually cause blindness.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
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||
<div class="c-section" id="section-id-31">
|
||
<h2 class="c-section__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Am I at risk for glaucoma?
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Anyone can get glaucoma, but some people are at higher risk. You’re at higher risk if you:</p><ul><li>Are over age 60, especially if you’re Hispanic/Latino</li><li>Are African American and over age 40</li><li>Have a family history of glaucoma</li></ul><p>Talk with your doctor about your risk for glaucoma, and ask how often you need to get checked. If you’re at higher risk, you need to get a comprehensive dilated eye exam every 1 to 2 years.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
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||
|
||
</div>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-callout c-callout--wide c-callout--rounded" id="section-id-32">
|
||
<figure class="c-callout__image">
|
||
<img src="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/400px_square_crop/public/2019-01/GlaucomaHelp.jpg?itok=AiS_r3Eb" alt="A person gets an eye exam." />
|
||
</figure>
|
||
<div class="c-callout__content">
|
||
<h2 class="c-callout__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
When to get help right away
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Angle-closure glaucoma can cause these sudden symptoms:</p><ul><li>Intense eye pain</li><li>Upset stomach (nausea)</li><li>Red eye</li><li>Blurry vision</li></ul><p><strong>If you have any of these symptoms, go to your doctor or an emergency room now.</strong></p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-section" id="section-id-37">
|
||
<h2 class="c-section__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
What causes glaucoma?
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Scientists aren’t sure what causes the most common types of glaucoma, but many people with glaucoma have high eye pressure — and treatments that lower eye pressure help to slow the disease.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-link">
|
||
|
||
<a href="/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/glaucoma/causes" class="c-link__link">Learn more about eye pressure and glaucoma</a>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>There’s no way to prevent glaucoma. That’s why eye exams are so important — so you and your doctor can find it before it affects your vision.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-section" id="section-id-41">
|
||
<h2 class="c-section__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
How will my eye doctor check for glaucoma?
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Eye doctors can check for glaucoma as part of a comprehensive dilated eye exam. The exam is simple and painless — your doctor will give you some eye drops to dilate (widen) your pupil and then check your eyes for glaucoma and other eye problems. The exam includes a visual field test to check your side vision.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-link">
|
||
|
||
<a href="/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/get-dilated-eye-exam" class="c-link__link">Learn what to expect from a dilated eye exam </a>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-callout c-callout--wide c-callout--rounded" id="section-id-42">
|
||
<figure class="c-callout__image">
|
||
<img src="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/400px_square_crop/public/2019-01/DidYouKnow.jpg?itok=I92Bk_ps" alt="Did you know graphic." />
|
||
</figure>
|
||
<div class="c-callout__content">
|
||
<h2 class="c-callout__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Did you know?
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-list">
|
||
|
||
<ul class="c-list--ul">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="c-list__item">
|
||
<span class="c-list__icon--empty"></span>
|
||
<span class="c-list__text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Glaucoma can happen in 1 eye or both eyes</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="c-list__item">
|
||
<span class="c-list__icon--empty"></span>
|
||
<span class="c-list__text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Some people with high eye pressure don’t get glaucoma — and there’s a type of glaucoma that happens in people with normal eye pressure</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="c-list__item">
|
||
<span class="c-list__icon--empty"></span>
|
||
<span class="c-list__text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Normal eye pressure varies by person — what’s normal for 1 person could be high for another</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-section" id="section-id-46">
|
||
<h2 class="c-section__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
What’s the treatment for glaucoma?
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Doctors use different types of treatment for glaucoma, including medicines (usually eye drops), laser treatment, and surgery.</p><p>If you have glaucoma, it’s important to start treatment right away. Treatment won’t undo any damage to your vision, but it can stop it from getting worse.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-list">
|
||
|
||
<ul class="c-list--ul">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="c-list__item">
|
||
<span class="c-list__icon">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/media_library/public/2019-03/icon_grey_medicine.png?itok=cizn_FSY" width="103" height="102" alt="" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="c-list__text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>Medicines.</strong> Prescription eye drops are the most common treatment. They lower the pressure in your eye and prevent damage to your optic nerve.</p><p><a href="/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/glaucoma/glaucoma-medicines">Learn more about glaucoma medicines</a></p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="c-list__item">
|
||
<span class="c-list__icon">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/media_library/public/2019-03/icon_grey_laser.png?itok=EZYKj7LG" width="103" height="102" alt="" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="c-list__text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>Laser treatment.</strong> To lower your eye pressure, doctors can use lasers to help the fluid drain out of your eye. It’s a simple procedure that your doctor can do in the office.</p><p><a href="/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/glaucoma/treatment">Learn more about laser treatment for glaucoma</a></p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="c-list__item">
|
||
<span class="c-list__icon">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/media_library/public/2019-03/icon_grey_hospital.png?itok=ZUaRqbN2" width="102" height="102" alt="" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="c-list__text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>Surgery.</strong> If medicines and laser treatment don’t work, your doctor might suggest surgery. There are several different types of surgery that can help the fluid drain out of your eye.</p><p><a href="/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/glaucoma/glaucoma-surgery">Learn more about glaucoma surgery</a></p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Talk over your options with your doctor. While glaucoma is a serious disease, treatment works well. Remember these tips:</p><ul><li>If your doctor prescribes medicine, be sure to take it every day</li><li>Tell your doctor if your treatment causes side effects</li><li>See your doctor for regular check-ups</li><li>If you’re having trouble with everyday activities because of your vision loss, ask your doctor about vision rehabilitation services or devices that could help</li><li>Encourage family members to get checked for glaucoma, since it can run in families</li></ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-callout c-callout--wide c-callout--rounded" id="section-id-13920">
|
||
<figure class="c-callout__image">
|
||
<img src="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/400px_square_crop/public/2020-03/NEI_TWYD_Glaucoma.jpg?itok=M1zDJS15" alt="A doctor chatting with two patients " />
|
||
</figure>
|
||
<div class="c-callout__content">
|
||
<h2 class="c-callout__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Featured Resource: Talk With Your Doctor About Glaucoma
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Do you have glaucoma? This guide makes it easy to talk with your doctor about your condition. It includes:</p><ul><li>Information about glaucoma</li><li>Questions for the doctor</li><li>A symptom tracker</li></ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-link">
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||
|
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<a href="/learn-about-eye-health/resources-for-health-educators/outreach-materials/talk-your-doctor-about-glaucoma" class="c-link__link">Get the guide </a>
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<h2 class="c-section__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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What is the latest research on glaucoma?
|
||
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|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
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|
||
<div class="c-text">
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<p>Scientists are studying what causes glaucoma and how we can find it earlier and treat it better. NEI also funds research on new treatment options.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="c-link">
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<a href="/about/news-and-events/news?topic=12&initiatives=All&research=All&source=All&created=All&language=All" class="c-link__link">Get the latest news on NEI-supported glaucoma research </a>
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<img src="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/400px_square_crop/public/2019-07/Resources_2.jpg?itok=1J5rZ0v0" alt="Doctor shaking hand." />
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</figure>
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<div class="c-callout__content">
|
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<h2 class="c-callout__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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Glaucoma Resources
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
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|
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|
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|
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<div class="c-link">
|
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<a href="https://medialibrary.nei.nih.gov/search?keywords=glaucoma&photographer=&orientation=All&type=image" class="c-link__link">Check out our media library of glaucoma photos and illustrations </a>
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<a href="/learn-about-eye-health/outreach-campaigns-and-resources/glaucoma-resources" class="c-link__link">See our materials for community health educators </a>
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<a href="/learn-about-eye-health/resources-for-health-educators/outreach-materials?topic=12&type=All&audience=All&language=All" class="c-link__link">Get flyers, booklets, and other resources to print or download </a>
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</article>
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<p class="views-element-container c-last-updated" id="block-views-block-nei-last-updated-block-1"><strong>Last updated:</strong> December 10, 2024</p>
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<a href="/about/news-and-events/news/nei-study-new-take-old-marker-cell-death" hreflang="en">NEI study: New take on old marker of cell death</a>
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<span class="c-sidebar-widget__list-date">
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<time datetime="2024-12-16T16:44:17-05:00">December 16, 2024</time>
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<a href="/about/news-and-events/news/nerve-regrowth-sight" hreflang="en">Nerve regrowth in sight</a>
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<time datetime="2024-12-05T14:50:42-05:00">December 5, 2024</time>
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<a href="/about/news-and-events/news/university-nebraska-researchers-show-role-cytokines-retinal-cells" hreflang="en">University of Nebraska researchers show role of cytokines in retinal cells</a>
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<time datetime="2024-09-06T11:15:29-04:00">September 6, 2024</time>
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<a href="/about/news-and-events/news?topic=12">Read more Glaucoma news</a>
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