1219 lines
46 KiB
Text
1219 lines
46 KiB
Text
|
||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
|
||
<head>
|
||
<meta charset="utf-8" />
|
||
<meta name="description" content="Diabetic retinopathy is an eye condition that can cause vision loss and blindness in people who have diabetes. It affects blood vessels in the retina." />
|
||
<meta name="google" content="vityevxlt8UuVFWvgz9_YwmJ5F0Nby_B3t54LLh-3Zw,lACaj571Gx_VdLF3HKSKUf1Wxx0H_bWxO3BYDZ_C1uw" />
|
||
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="vityevxlt8UuVFWvgz9_YwmJ5F0Nby_B3t54LLh-3Zw" />
|
||
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="lACaj571Gx_VdLF3HKSKUf1Wxx0H_bWxO3BYDZ_C1uw" />
|
||
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="UDfyeEAWNX_rJUHwog9j1kziEnByGwhkSJGLJclUWDA" />
|
||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
|
||
<script type="application/ld+json">{
|
||
"@context": "https://schema.org",
|
||
"@graph": [
|
||
{
|
||
"@type": "WebPage",
|
||
"@id": "https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/diabetic-retinopathy",
|
||
"breadcrumb": {
|
||
"@type": "BreadcrumbList",
|
||
"itemListElement": [
|
||
{
|
||
"@type": "ListItem",
|
||
"position": 1,
|
||
"name": "Home",
|
||
"item": "https://www.nei.nih.gov/"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"@type": "ListItem",
|
||
"position": 2,
|
||
"name": "Learn About Eye Health",
|
||
"item": "https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"@type": "ListItem",
|
||
"position": 3,
|
||
"name": "Eye Conditions and Diseases",
|
||
"item": "https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"@type": "ListItem",
|
||
"position": 4,
|
||
"name": "Diabetic Retinopathy",
|
||
"item": "https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/diabetic-retinopathy"
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"author": {
|
||
"@type": "GovernmentOrganization",
|
||
"@id": "https://www.nei.nih.gov",
|
||
"name": "National Eye Institute",
|
||
"url": "https://www.nei.nih.gov"
|
||
},
|
||
"publisher": {
|
||
"@type": "GovernmentOrganization",
|
||
"@id": "https://www.nei.nih.gov",
|
||
"name": "National Eye Institute",
|
||
"url": "https://www.nei.nih.gov"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
}</script>
|
||
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/themes/custom/nei/images/favicon.png" />
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/themes/custom/nei/images/apple-touch-icon.png" />
|
||
<meta name="last-updated" content="Dec 10, 2024, 4:24:11 PM" />
|
||
<link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/nei/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
|
||
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/diabetic-retinopathy" />
|
||
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/retinopatia-diabetica" />
|
||
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/diabetic-retinopathy" />
|
||
<link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.nei.nih.gov/node/2459" />
|
||
|
||
<title>Diabetic Retinopathy | National Eye Institute</title>
|
||
<link rel="preload" href="/themes/custom/nei/fonts/Aleo-Bold.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin>
|
||
<link rel="preload" href="/themes/custom/nei/fonts/Lato-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin>
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_PGSk_7b88hq2qr_--_38MLvoj1ffr9jv3JhnNJTnKUM.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=nei&include=eJw1ytEKgCAMRuEXsnwk-dMxrOliTqi3j4iuDnycfFCprpbyHK4tDb-FRvwSshrFYvOErNhxBUHnCaYEcbJ_61Qji26Q5ZXa-QH_YCJ9" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/nei/css/style.css?sraguf" />
|
||
|
||
<script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/2459","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","gtag":{"tagId":"","consentMode":false,"otherIds":[],"events":[],"additionalConfigInfo":[]},"suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJxdjFsOwjAMBC8U6iNFbmKZgPNQ7BTK6SmgCsrPrndkTbhSTFa7D0OtZq-2Cil8yoWOj5WYYT8c18pC3pCBt_jfE17wfoTZCRYeyORRjPruLmhpIS-b2EvFmArD73CFErDUGeWkoadmekCb5fXVsCN3bGeF2EdDmb5kGqWNWZKeKTpd1SjDjEpuSXRTeOeUaxxCT9WYZ50","theme":"nei","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"form_action_p_pvdeGsVG5zNF_XLGPTvYSKCf43t8qZYSwcfZl2uzM":true},"gtm":{"tagId":null,"settings":{"data_layer":"dataLayer","include_classes":false,"allowlist_classes":"google\nnonGooglePixels\nnonGoogleScripts\nnonGoogleIframes","blocklist_classes":"customScripts\ncustomPixels","include_environment":false,"environment_id":"","environment_token":""},"tagIds":["GTM-TLVNS7W"]},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"c48594e108b5c1c2bea409821b71477d5bc2724c8cae6d31f1d985af0daab85c"}}</script>
|
||
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_WgzMsgqb-MiW-Z2aLffGQHepZwX2hWrEHSrb46WqZrk.js?scope=header&delta=0&language=en&theme=nei&include=eJxdjEEOgCAMBD-E9kmkYrOpqdQAMerr5eBBvUx29jCp8HUKQOkZAe4wiY1B6Pj7yAsf33MNmZvuEq0nojnPmkFvCVmUYD6xDTUV3Vq9ATUbLxk"></script>
|
||
<script src="https://script.crazyegg.com/pages/scripts/0117/6571.js" async></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtag.js?sraguf"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtm.js?sraguf"></script>
|
||
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body class="t-disease t-node__2459 path-learn-about-eye-health-eye-conditions-and-diseases-diabetic-retinopathy">
|
||
<a href="#main-content" class="u-skip-link">
|
||
Skip to content
|
||
</a>
|
||
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-TLVNS7W"
|
||
height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>
|
||
|
||
<div id="u-page-outer" class="u-outer">
|
||
<div class="views-element-container site-notice-block" id="block-views-block-site-notices-block-1">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div class="js-view-dom-id-72cc1632abbd95ff8cb03c6ae8981e019774d612a073afaf82d31d2acd4b8a84 site-notices">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<img src="/themes/custom/nei/images/NEI-logo-tagline.svg" alt="" width="200" height="48" class="u-print-only">
|
||
<div class="r-global-header">
|
||
<div id="r-header-outer" class="r-header">
|
||
|
||
<div class="r-header-inner">
|
||
|
||
<div id="block-nei-branding" class="o-block--logo" role="banner">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="o-logo">
|
||
<a href="/" class="o-logo__link" title="Home" rel="home"><span class="o-logo__text">National Eye Institute</span> <span class="o-logo__tagline">Research Today… Vision Tomorrow</span></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="block-neimenubutton-2">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="o-menu-toggle"><button class="o-menu-toggle__btn" id="menu-toggle__btn" aria-controls="block-mainnavigation" aria-expanded="true">Menu</button></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="language-switcher-language-url" id="block-languageswitcher" role="navigation" aria-label="Language switcher">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="links">
|
||
<li class="is-active">
|
||
<a href="/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/diabetic-retinopathy" class="language-link is-active" lang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2459" aria-current="page">English</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/retinopatia-diabetica" class="language-link is-active" lang="es" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2459" aria-current="page"> Español</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="search-global c-search--global" data-drupal-selector="search-global" id="block-globalsearchform" role="search">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<form action="/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/diabetic-retinopathy" method="post" id="search-global" accept-charset="UTF-8">
|
||
<div class="c-form__inner">
|
||
<div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-textfield form-item-global-terms js-form-item-global-terms">
|
||
<label for="edit-global-terms">Search the site</label>
|
||
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-global-terms" type="text" id="edit-global-terms" name="global-terms" value="" size="30" maxlength="128" placeholder="Search the site" class="form-text" />
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input data-drupal-selector="form-ydjracg-g06f8lf-umu4amipej80la-wa4paxrqrgc" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-_Ydjracg_G06F8LF-uMu4amipeJ80la_wA4paxrqRGc" />
|
||
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-search-global" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="search_global" />
|
||
<div data-drupal-selector="edit-global-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-global-actions"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-global-submit" type="submit" id="edit-global-submit" name="op" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit" />
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="r-menu-primary">
|
||
<nav aria-label="Main navigation" id="block-mainnavigation" class="o-menu-main__outer">
|
||
|
||
<ul class="o-menu o-menu-main"> <li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--expanded o-menu-main__item--no-js o-menu-main__item--active-trail"> <a href="/learn-about-eye-health" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/39">Learn About Eye Health</a>
|
||
<ul class="o-menu o-menu-main__submenu"> <li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed"> <a href="/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/788">Healthy Vision</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed o-menu-main__item--active-trail"> <a href="/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases">Eye Conditions and Diseases</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed"> <a href="/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/825">Eye Health Data and Statistics</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed"> <a href="/learn-about-eye-health/campaigns" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3859">Campaigns</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item"> <a href="/learn-about-eye-health/vision-rehabilitation" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3865">Vision Rehabilitation</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item"> <a href="/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/162">NEI for Kids</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed"> <a href="/learn-about-eye-health/outreach-resources" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/125">Outreach Resources</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--expanded o-menu-main__item--no-js"> <a href="/grants-and-training" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/143">Grants and Training</a>
|
||
<ul class="o-menu-main__submenu o-menu"> <li class="o-menu-main__item"> <a href="/grants-and-training/how-apply" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/145">How to Apply</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed"> <a href="/grants-and-training/funding-opportunities" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/144">Funding Opportunities</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed"> <a href="/grants-and-training/training-nei" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/146">Training at NEI</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed"> <a href="/grants-and-training/funding-training-and-career-development" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/152">Funding for Training and Career Development</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed"> <a href="/grants-and-training/policies-and-procedures" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/149">Policies and Procedures</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item"> <a href="/grants-and-training/Prior-Approval-Requests" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3918">Prior Approval Requests</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed"> <a href="/grants-and-training/resources-researchers" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/150">Resources for Researchers</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed"> <a href="/grants-and-training/contact-grants-and-funding-staff" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/151">Contact Grants and Funding Staff</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--expanded o-menu-main__item--no-js"> <a href="/research" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41">Research at NEI</a>
|
||
<ul class="o-menu-main__submenu o-menu"> <li class="o-menu-main__item"> <a href="/about/news-and-events/news" title="Research News" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="about/news-and-events/news">Research News</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed"> <a href="/research/clinical-trials" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/132">Clinical Trials</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed"> <a href="/research/research-labs-and-branches" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/270">Research Labs and Branches</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item"> <a href="/research/jobs-and-training-opportunities-nei" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/564">Jobs and Training Opportunities at NEI</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item"> <a href="/research/seminars" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4048">NEI Research Seminars</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--expanded o-menu-main__item--no-js"> <a href="/about" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/275">About NEI</a>
|
||
<ul class="o-menu-main__submenu o-menu"> <li class="o-menu-main__item"> <a href="/about/strategic-planning" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2857">Strategic Planning</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed"> <a href="/about/news-and-events" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/131">News and Events</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed"> <a href="/about/goals-and-accomplishments" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/281">Goals and Accomplishments</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed"> <a href="/about/nei-history" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/282">NEI History</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed"> <a href="/about/nei-leadership" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/415">NEI Leadership</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed"> <a href="/about/budget-and-congress" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/395">Budget and Congress</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item o-menu-main__item--collapsed"> <a href="/about/advisory-committees" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/285">Advisory Committees</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item"> <a href="/learn-about-eye-health/outreach-resources/national-eye-health-education-program" title="National Eye Health Education Program" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/265">National Eye Health Education Program</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-main__item"> <a href="/about/donate-nei" class="o-menu-main__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/286">Donate to NEI</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="o-overlay" aria-hidden="true"></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="r-breadcrumb">
|
||
|
||
<div id="block-nei-breadcrumbs">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<nav aria-label="Breadcrumb">
|
||
<ol class="c-breadcrumb">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/">Home</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/learn-about-eye-health">Learn About Eye Health</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases">Eye Conditions and Diseases</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
Diabetic Retinopathy
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="r-page-header">
|
||
<div class="o-page-header">
|
||
|
||
<div id="block-neiprintbutton-2">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-print-page"><a class="c-print-page__btn" href="javascript:window.print()">Print this Page</a></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="block-nei-page-title">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<span>Diabetic Retinopathy</span>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="block-jumpmenu-2">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-jump-menu">
|
||
<div class="c-jump-menu__intro">On this page:</div>
|
||
<a class="c-jump-menu__item" href="#section-id-10516">Types</a>
|
||
<a class="c-jump-menu__item" href="#section-id-10527">Symptoms</a>
|
||
<a class="c-jump-menu__item" href="#section-id-10531">Risk</a>
|
||
<a class="c-jump-menu__item" href="#section-id-10533">Causes</a>
|
||
<a class="c-jump-menu__item" href="#section-id-10537">Diagnosis</a>
|
||
<a class="c-jump-menu__item" href="#section-id-10539">Prevention</a>
|
||
<a class="c-jump-menu__item" href="#section-id-10541">Treatment</a>
|
||
<a class="c-jump-menu__item" href="#section-id-10543">Research</a>
|
||
<a class="c-jump-menu__item" href="#section-id-10545">Resources</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="r-highlighted">
|
||
<div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="r-help">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<main id="main-content" class="r-main">
|
||
<div class="r-pre-content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="views-element-container" id="block-views-block-nei-disease-subpage-list-block-2">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div class="js-view-dom-id-e421c72b9ccf59daf43d016566d2195fc9227e838c640475a92d2e5ab04d657d nei-disease-subpage-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="views-row"><div class="c-at-a-glance">
|
||
<div class="c-at-a-glance__image">
|
||
|
||
<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_medium/public/2019-05/Diabetic.jpg?itok=odfnZKjF" width="600" height="600" alt="Person with diabetes checks their blood sugar." />
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="c-at-a-glance__content">
|
||
<h2 class="c-at-a-glance__title">At a glance: Diabetic Retinopathy</h2>
|
||
<ul><li><div class="c-at-a-glance__item">
|
||
<strong class="c-at-a-glance__label">Early Symptoms:</strong>
|
||
<div class="c-at-a-glance__description"><p>None</p></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li><li><div class="c-at-a-glance__item">
|
||
<strong class="c-at-a-glance__label">Later Symptoms:</strong>
|
||
<div class="c-at-a-glance__description"><p>Blurry vision, floating spots in your vision, blindness</p></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li><li><div class="c-at-a-glance__item">
|
||
<strong class="c-at-a-glance__label">Diagnosis:</strong>
|
||
<div class="c-at-a-glance__description"><p>Dilated eye exam</p></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li><li><div class="c-at-a-glance__item">
|
||
<strong class="c-at-a-glance__label">Treatment:</strong>
|
||
<div class="c-at-a-glance__description"><p>Injections, laser treatment, surgery</p></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li></ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="r-splitter">
|
||
<div class="r-content">
|
||
|
||
<div id="block-nei-content">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<article data-history-node-id="2459">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-section" id="section-id-10516">
|
||
<h2 class="c-section__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
What is diabetic retinopathy?
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Diabetic retinopathy is an eye condition that can cause vision loss and blindness in people who have diabetes. It affects blood vessels in the retina (the light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of your eye).</p><p>If you have diabetes, it’s important to get a comprehensive dilated eye exam at least once a year. Diabetic retinopathy may not have any symptoms at first — but finding it early can help you take steps to protect your vision.</p><p>Managing your diabetes — by staying physically active, eating healthy, and taking your medicine — can also help you prevent or delay vision loss.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-callout c-callout--wide c-callout--rounded" id="section-id-10518">
|
||
<figure class="c-callout__image">
|
||
<img src="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/400px_square_crop/public/2019-02/dilatedEyeExam.jpg?itok=Vbrc3fku" alt="Man getting his eyes examined by a doctor using a slit lamp" />
|
||
</figure>
|
||
<div class="c-callout__content">
|
||
<h2 class="c-callout__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Other types of diabetic eye disease
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of vision loss for people with diabetes. But diabetes can also make you more likely to develop several other eye conditions:</p><ul><li><strong>Cataracts.</strong> Having diabetes makes you 2 to 5 times more likely to develop cataracts. It also makes you more likely to get them at a younger age. <a href="/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts">Learn more about cataracts</a>.</li><li><strong>Open-angle glaucoma.</strong> Having diabetes nearly doubles your risk of developing a type of glaucoma called open-angle glaucoma. <a href="/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/glaucoma">Learn more about glaucoma</a>.</li></ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-section" id="section-id-10527">
|
||
<h2 class="c-section__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
What are the symptoms of diabetic retinopathy?
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>The early stages of diabetic retinopathy usually don’t have any symptoms. Some people notice changes in their vision, like trouble reading or seeing faraway objects. These changes may come and go.</p><p>In later stages of the disease, blood vessels in the retina start to bleed into the vitreous (gel-like fluid that fills your eye). If this happens, you may see dark, floating spots or streaks that look like cobwebs. Sometimes, the spots clear up on their own — but it’s important to get treatment right away. Without treatment, scars can form in the back of the eye. Blood vessels may also start to bleed again, or the bleeding may get worse.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-section" id="section-id-10529">
|
||
<h2 class="c-section__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
What other problems can diabetic retinopathy cause?
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Diabetic retinopathy can lead to other serious eye conditions:</p><ul><li><strong>Diabetic macular edema (DME).</strong> Over time, about 1 in 15 people with diabetes will develop DME. DME happens when blood vessels in the retina leak fluid into the macula (a part of the retina needed for sharp, central vision). This causes blurry vision.</li><li><strong>Neovascular glaucoma.</strong> Diabetic retinopathy can cause abnormal blood vessels to grow out of the retina and block fluid from draining out of the eye. This causes a type of glaucoma (a group of eye diseases that can cause vision loss and blindness).</li></ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-link">
|
||
|
||
<a href="/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/glaucoma" class="c-link__link">Learn more about types of glaucoma</a>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul><li><strong>Retinal detachment.</strong> Diabetic retinopathy can cause scars to form in the back of your eye. When the scars pull your retina away from the back of your eye, it’s called tractional retinal detachment.</li></ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-link">
|
||
|
||
<a href="/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/retinal-detachment/types-and-causes-retinal-detachment" class="c-link__link">Learn more about types of retinal detachment</a>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-section" id="section-id-10531">
|
||
<h2 class="c-section__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Am I at risk for diabetic retinopathy?
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Anyone with any kind of diabetes can get diabetic retinopathy — including people with type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes (a type of diabetes that can develop during pregnancy).</p><p>Your risk increases the longer you have diabetes. Over time, more than half of people with diabetes will develop diabetic retinopathy. The good news is that you can lower your risk of developing diabetic retinopathy by controlling your diabetes.</p><p>Women with diabetes who become pregnant — or women who develop gestational diabetes — are at high risk for getting diabetic retinopathy. If you have diabetes and are pregnant, have a comprehensive dilated eye exam as soon as possible. Ask your doctor if you’ll need additional eye exams during your pregnancy.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-section" id="section-id-10533">
|
||
<h2 class="c-section__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
What causes diabetic retinopathy?
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Diabetic retinopathy is caused by high blood sugar due to diabetes. Over time, having too much sugar in your blood can damage your retina — the part of your eye that detects light and sends signals to your brain through a nerve in the back of your eye (optic nerve).</p><p>Diabetes damages blood vessels all over the body. The damage to your eyes starts when the sugar in your blood causes changes to the tiny blood vessels that go to your retina. These changes make it harder for the blood to flow, leading to blocked blood vessels that leak fluid or bleed. To make up for these blocked blood vessels, your eyes then grow new blood vessels that don’t work well. These new blood vessels can leak or bleed easily.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-section" id="section-id-10537">
|
||
<h2 class="c-section__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
How will my eye doctor check for diabetic retinopathy?
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Eye doctors can check for diabetic retinopathy as part of a dilated eye exam. The exam is simple and painless — your doctor will give you some eye drops to dilate (widen) your pupil and then check your eyes for diabetic retinopathy and other eye problems.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-link">
|
||
|
||
<a href="/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/get-dilated-eye-exam" class="c-link__link">Learn what to expect from a dilated eye exam</a>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>If you have diabetes, it’s very important to get regular eye exams. If you do develop diabetic retinopathy, early treatment can stop the damage and prevent blindness.</p><p>If your eye doctor thinks you may have severe diabetic retinopathy or DME, they may do a test called a fluorescein angiogram. This test lets the doctor see pictures of the blood vessels in your retina.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-section" id="section-id-10539">
|
||
<h2 class="c-section__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
What can I do to prevent diabetic retinopathy?
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Managing your diabetes is the best way to lower your risk of diabetic retinopathy. That means keeping your blood sugar levels in a healthy range. You can do this by getting regular physical activity, eating healthy, and carefully following your doctor’s instructions for your insulin or other diabetes medicines.</p><p>To make sure your diabetes treatment plan is working, you’ll need a special lab test called an A1C test. This test shows your average blood sugar level over the past 3 months. You can work with your doctor to set a personal A1C goal. Meeting your A1C goal can help prevent or manage diabetic retinopathy.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-link">
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/diabetes-testing/prediabetes-a1c-test.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/managing/managing-blood-sugar/a1c.html" class="c-link__link">Learn more about the A1c test</a>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Having high blood pressure or high cholesterol along with diabetes increases your risk for diabetic retinopathy. So controlling your blood pressure and cholesterol can also help lower your risk for vision loss.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-section" id="section-id-10541">
|
||
<h2 class="c-section__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
What’s the treatment for diabetic retinopathy and DME?
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy, your eye doctor will probably just keep track of how your eyes are doing. Some people with diabetic retinopathy may need a comprehensive dilated eye exam as often as every 2 to 4 months.</p><p>In later stages, it’s important to start treatment right away — especially if you have changes in your vision. While it won’t undo any damage to your vision, treatment can stop your vision from getting worse. It’s also important to take steps to control your diabetes, blood pressure, and cholesterol.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-list">
|
||
|
||
<ul class="c-list--ul">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="c-list__item">
|
||
<span class="c-list__icon">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/media_library/public/2019-05/icon_grey_medicine.png?itok=W0gtApCl" width="103" height="102" alt="" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="c-list__text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>Injections.</strong> Medicines called anti-VEGF drugs can slow down or reverse diabetic retinopathy. Other medicines, called corticosteroids, can also help.</p><p><a href="/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/diabetic-retinopathy/injections-treat-eye-conditions">Learn more about injections</a></p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="c-list__item">
|
||
<span class="c-list__icon">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/media_library/public/2019-05/icon_grey_laser.png?itok=WSwZ62wO" width="103" height="102" alt="" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="c-list__text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>Laser treatment.</strong> To reduce swelling in your retina, eye doctors can use lasers to make the blood vessels shrink and stop leaking.</p><p><a href="/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/diabetic-retinopathy/laser-treatment-diabetic-retinopathy">Learn more about laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy</a></p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="c-list__item">
|
||
<span class="c-list__icon">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/media_library/public/2019-03/icon_grey_hospital.png?itok=ZUaRqbN2" width="102" height="102" alt="" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="c-list__text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>Eye surgery.</strong> If your retina is bleeding a lot or you have a lot of scars in your eye, your eye doctor may recommend a type of surgery called a vitrectomy.</p><p><a href="/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/retinal-detachment/vitrectomy">Learn more about vitrectomy</a></p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-section" id="section-id-10543">
|
||
<h2 class="c-section__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
What is the latest research on diabetic retinopathy and DME?
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>Scientists are studying better ways to find, treat, and prevent vision loss in people with diabetes. One NIH-funded research team is studying whether a cholesterol medicine called fenofibrate can stop diabetic retinopathy from getting worse.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-link">
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about/news-and-events/news?topic=13&initiatives=All&research=All&source=All&created=All&language=All" class="c-link__link">Get the latest news on NEI-supported diabetic eye disease research</a>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-callout c-callout--wide c-callout--rounded" id="section-id-10545">
|
||
<figure class="c-callout__image">
|
||
<img src="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/400px_square_crop/public/2019-07/Resources_2.jpg?itok=1J5rZ0v0" alt="Doctor shaking hand." />
|
||
</figure>
|
||
<div class="c-callout__content">
|
||
<h2 class="c-callout__heading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Diabetic Eye Disease Resources
|
||
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-text">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul><li><a href="/learn-about-eye-health/resources-for-health-educators/eye-health-data-and-statistics/diabetic-retinopathy-data-and-statistics">Find statistics and data on diabetic retinopathy in the United States</a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLNol8zIT_P1CxJ08HRnQtBmwaMGMysvnt">Check out our library of diabetic eye disease videos</a></li><li><a href="/learn-about-eye-health/resources-for-health-educators/diabetic-eye-disease-resources">See our materials for community health educators</a></li><li><a href="/learn-about-eye-health/resources-for-health-educators/outreach-materials?topic=13&type=All&audience=All&language=All">Get flyers, booklets, and other resources about diabetic eye disease</a></li></ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<p class="views-element-container c-last-updated" id="block-views-block-nei-last-updated-block-1"><strong>Last updated:</strong> December 10, 2024</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<aside class="r-sidebar" role="complementary">
|
||
|
||
<div class="views-element-container" id="block-views-block-nei-sidebar-block-1">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div class="js-view-dom-id-7756a2d9cbb2905b786bf21e5c1d1619c38008a33b40b8b6928329caa0d3adec nei-sidebar">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="views-element-container c-sidebar-widget" id="block-views-block-news-page-block-6">
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-sidebar-widget__header">
|
||
<h2 class="c-sidebar-widget__title">Research News</h2>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-sidebar-widget__list">
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="js-view-dom-id-79a0693b9fc3491e3af790242f2b4c6b25c1e3940c180230b7c702039f90017b news-page news-page--block_6">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-sidebar-widget__list-item views-row">
|
||
<div class="c-sidebar-widget__list-image">
|
||
<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2024-11/Fundus_Proliferative_retinopathy.png?itok=LH8zjMv8" width="200" height="200" alt="" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div><p class="c-sidebar-widget__list-link-container">
|
||
<a href="/about/news-and-events/news/flagship-ai-ready-dataset-released-type-2-diabetes-study" hreflang="en">Flagship AI-ready dataset released in type 2 diabetes study</a>
|
||
<span class="c-sidebar-widget__list-date">
|
||
<time datetime="2024-11-08T14:21:11-05:00">November 8, 2024</time>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</p></div>
|
||
<div class="c-sidebar-widget__list-item views-row">
|
||
<div class="c-sidebar-widget__list-image">
|
||
<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2024-09/AdobeStock_575112680.jpg?itok=gfFSq59A" width="200" height="200" alt="Farmer" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div><p class="c-sidebar-widget__list-link-container">
|
||
<a href="/about/news-and-events/news/social-determinants-health-associated-diabetic-eye-care-quality" hreflang="en">Social determinants of health associated with diabetic eye-care quality</a>
|
||
<span class="c-sidebar-widget__list-date">
|
||
<time datetime="2024-09-13T11:20:45-04:00">September 13, 2024</time>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</p></div>
|
||
<div class="c-sidebar-widget__list-item views-row">
|
||
<div class="c-sidebar-widget__list-image">
|
||
<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2024-02/Diabetic%20retinopathy%20.jpg?itok=x8RvfMJO" width="200" height="200" alt="fundus photo showing diabetic retinopathy" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div><p class="c-sidebar-widget__list-link-container">
|
||
<a href="/about/news-and-events/news/medical-college-georgia-scientists-searching-new-treatment-target-diabetic-retinopathy" hreflang="en">Medical College of Georgia scientists searching for new treatment target for diabetic retinopathy</a>
|
||
<span class="c-sidebar-widget__list-date">
|
||
<time datetime="2024-09-12T10:18:53-04:00">September 12, 2024</time>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-sidebar-widget__footer">
|
||
<a href="/about/news-and-events/news?topic=13">Read more Diabetic Eye Disease news</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</aside>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</main>
|
||
|
||
<div class="r-footer">
|
||
<footer class="o-footer" role="contentinfo">
|
||
|
||
<div id="block-footer-2">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="o-footer__row">
|
||
<div class="o-footer__group o-footer__group--logo"><a class="o-logo__link" href="/" rel="home" title="Home"><span class="o-logo__text">National Eye Institute</span></a>
|
||
<ul class="o-menu-social">
|
||
<li class="o-menu-social__item"><a class="o-menu-social__link o-menu-social__link--facebook outlink-ignore" href="https://www.facebook.com/NationalEyeInstitute">Facebook</a></li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-social__item"><a class="o-menu-social__link o-menu-social__link--twitter outlink-ignore" href="https://twitter.com/NatEyeInstitute">Twitter</a></li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-social__item"><a class="o-menu-social__link o-menu-social__link--linkedin outlink-ignore" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-eye-institute-nei">LinkedIn</a></li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-social__item"><a class="o-menu-social__link o-menu-social__link--youtube outlink-ignore" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/neinih">YouTube</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="o-footer__group o-footer__group--contact">
|
||
<h2 class="o-footer__title">Contact NEI</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="o-menu-footer">
|
||
<li class="o-menu-footer__item"><a class="o-menu-footer__link" href="/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-footer__item"><a class="o-menu-footer__link" href="https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/visitor-information">Visit NIH</a></li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-footer__item"><a class="o-menu-footer__link" href="https://list.nih.gov/cgi-bin/wa.exe?SUBED1=insidenei&A=1">Get Email Updates from NEI</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="o-footer__group o-footer__group--policies">
|
||
<h2 class="o-footer__title">Policies</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="o-menu-footer">
|
||
<li class="o-menu-footer__item"><a class="o-menu-footer__link" href="/accessibility-information">Accessibility</a></li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-footer__item"><a class="o-menu-footer__link" href="https://www.nih.gov/nondiscrimination-notice-language-assistance-services">Information in Other Languages</a></li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-footer__item"><a class="o-menu-footer__link" href="/nei-website-privacy-policy">Privacy</a></li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-footer__item"><a class="o-menu-footer__link" href="/freedom-information-act">Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)</a></li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-footer__item"><a class="o-menu-footer__link" href="/disclaimers">Disclaimers</a></li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-footer__item"><a class="o-menu-footer__link" href="/web-policies ">Web Policies</a></li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-footer__item"><a class="o-menu-footer__link" href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html ">Vulnerability Disclosure</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="o-footer__group o-footer__group--employees">
|
||
<h2 class="o-footer__title">For NEI Employees</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="o-menu-footer">
|
||
<li class="o-menu-footer__item"><a class="o-menu-footer__link" href="https://intranet.nei.nih.gov">Intranet</a></li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-footer__item"><a class="o-menu-footer__link" href="https://intranet.nei.nih.gov/hr/Pages/emergency.aspx">Emergency Information</a></li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-footer__item"><a class="o-menu-footer__link" href="https://ned.nih.gov/search/search.aspx">NIH Staff Directory</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="o-footer__row">
|
||
<div class="o-footer__full o-footer__full--parent">
|
||
<ul class="o-menu-footer o-menu-footer--swing">
|
||
<li class="o-menu-footer__item"><a class="o-menu-footer__link" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH.gov</a></li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-footer__item"><a class="o-menu-footer__link" href="https://hhs.gov/">HHS.gov</a></li>
|
||
<li class="o-menu-footer__item"><a class="o-menu-footer__link" href="https://usa.gov/">USA.gov</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</footer>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="c-lb-wrapper" id="lb-wrapper" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="c-lb-overlay" tabindex="-1"></div>
|
||
<div role="dialog" class="c-lb" id="lb">
|
||
<div class="c-lb-header">
|
||
<button class="c-lb-close-btn"><span class="c-lb-close-btn-text">Close</span><span class="c-lb-close-btn-text times" aria-hidden="true">×</span></button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<figure class="c-lb-figure">
|
||
<figcaption class="c-lb-caption"></figcaption>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_agazM-qm5cOcplNZo9kNIWFtUrwt0V1xgAKtLyM44Us.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=nei&include=eJxdjEEOgCAMBD-E9kmkYrOpqdQAMerr5eBBvUx29jCp8HUKQOkZAe4wiY1B6Pj7yAsf33MNmZvuEq0nojnPmkFvCVmUYD6xDTUV3Vq9ATUbLxk"></script>
|
||
<script src="/themes/custom/nei/js/scripts.js?sraguf"></script>
|
||
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|