nih-gov/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sky/index.html

163 lines
55 KiB
HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/core/jig/1.14.8/js/jig.min.js">
</script>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"/>
<title>SKY/M-FISH/CGH Home - NCBI</title>
<!-- HP-1016 -->
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/logo256.gif"/>
<meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="/corehtml/logo256.gif"/>
<meta name="ncbi_app" content="sky-cgh"/>
<meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="sky-cgh-homepage"/>
<style type="text/css">
.universal_header{font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px;height:2em;background-color:#369}ul.resources_list{margin-left:1.3em;float:left}ul.resources_list>li.ui-ncbimenu-item-first{margin-right:.5em}.myncbi a{color:#fff}#ncbihome{padding:.25em 0 0;padding-right:.8em;margin:0;color:#fff}#ncbihome:focus{background:transparent;outline:1px dotted #fff}.myncbi{float:right;position:relative;top:.4em;color:#fff;right:1em;*top:.3em}.myncbi a{margin-left:1em}#mnu{margin-left:0}ul.jig-ncbimenu a.topanchor{color:#fff}ul.jig-ncbimenu a:hover{text-decoration:none}.ui-ncbimenu-item{background-color:#fcfcfc;border-bottom:1px dotted #e5e5e5}.ui-ncbimenu li.ui-ncbimenu-item-first a.ui-ncbimenu-first-link-has-submenu{padding:.45em 20px .2em 0;*padding-top:.5em}body ul.ui-ncbimenu-submenu{border:1px solid #ddd;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa;-webkit-box-shadow:.4em .4em .5em rgba(0,0,0,.3);-moz-box-shadow:.4em .4em .5em rgba(0,0,0,.3);box-shadow:.4em .4em .5em rgba(0,0,0,.3)}body .ui-ncbimenu-item-first-active,body ul li a.ui-ncbimenu-item-active{background-color:#4c96df;color:#fff}.footer{clear:both;margin-top:1em}#footer,#NCBIFooter_dynamic{font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;line-height:1.8em}#NCBIFooter_dynamic{position:relative;top:1.4em;*top:.4em;z-index:10;font-size:11px;color:#505050;clear:both}.breadcrumbs{position:absolute;left:1.6em;top:1.1em}.help_desk{position:absolute;top:1.1em;right:1em}#NCBIFooter_dynamic a,#footer a{text-decoration:none;color:#14376c}#NCBIFooter_dynamic a:hover,#footer a:hover,.contact_info a:hover{text-decoration:underline}#footer-contents-right{float:right;text-align:right}#footer-contents-right a{float:left;height:41px;overflow:hidden;padding-top:14px;text-indent:10em}#footer-contents-right div{display:inline}#nlm_thumb_logo a{background:transparent url(/coreweb/images/ncbi/footer/footer_imgs.png) no-repeat scroll 0 100%;width:34px;margin-right:14px}#nih_thumb_logo a{background:transparent url(/coreweb/images/ncbi/footer/footer_imgs.png) no-repeat scroll -35px 100%;width:40px;margin-right:14px}#hhs_thumb_logo a{background:transparent url(/coreweb/images/ncbi/footer/footer_imgs.png) no-repeat scroll -75px 100%;width:39px;margin-right:14px}#usagov_thumb_logo a{background:transparent url(/coreweb/images/ncbi/footer/footer_imgs.png) no-repeat scroll -114px 100%;width:89px}#footer-contents-left p.address{margin:0;line-height:18px}#footer-contents-left a{font-weight:bold}#footer-contents-left span.url a{font-weight:normal}#footer-contents-left p.address .adr{display:block}#footer{background:#e5e5e5 url(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4054678/img/3418709) repeat-x scroll left top;clear:both;zoom:1;z-index:1}#footer,.contact_info{color:#14376c;background-color:#fff;overflow:visible;text-align:center}.foot_list{margin:0;padding:0;width:20%;float:left;text-align:left;margin-top:4.5em;width:19\0;*width:19%}.foot_list li{list-style-type:none}.foot_list li h3{text-transform:uppercase;margin:0;margin-bottom:.05em}.offscreen_noflow{float:left;text-indent:-9999em;_display:block;margin:0;padding:0;height:0}.contact_info{clear:both;text-align:left;margin:1em 1.6em}.subfooter{margin-left:1.6em;overflow:hidden}#footer #external-disclaimer{padding:.682em;line-height:1em}#footer #external-disclaimer a{text-decoration:underline}body{font:62.5%/1.3846 arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif;background-color:#ccc;margin:0}.grid{font-size:1.3em}img{border:0}abbr,acronym{cursor:help;border-bottom:1px dotted #000}blockquote{margin:1.3846em 1em}p,table,pre,fieldset,dl{margin:.6923em 0}ol,ul{margin:.6923em 1em .6923em inherit}dl dd{margin-left:1em}table{border-collapse:collapse;margin:1.3846em 0}thead{border-bottom:1px solid #eee}tfoot{border-top:1px solid #eee}th{text-align:center;background-color:#f0f0f0}th,td{padding:.2em;border:1px solid #ddd}caption{margin-bottom:.5em;text-align:center}fieldset{border:0}button{cursor:pointer}input,button,textarea{margin:2px}input[type="checkbox"]{margin:3px 3px 3px 4px}textarea{font-family:monospace;font-size:1.2296em;*font-size:1em;vertical-align:baseline}h1,.h1{font-size:1.3846em;line-height:1.5;margin:1em 0 .5em}h2,.h2{font-size:1.2307em;line-height:1.125;margin:1.125em 0 .5625em}h3,.h3{font-size:1.0769em;line-height:1.2857;margin:1.2856em 0 .6428em}h4,h5,h6,h3.inline{font-size:1em;margin:1.3846em 0 .6923em}h5,.h5{font-style:italic;font-weight:normal}h6,.h6{font-weight:normal}h4,.h4{color:#59331f}h3,.h3{color:#724128}h2,.h2{color:#985735}h1,.h1{color:#000}h3.inline,h4.inline,h5.inline,h6.inline{display:inline;float:left;margin:0 0 -0.125em;padding-right:.3em}.whole_rhythm{margin:1.3846em 0}.half_rhythm{margin:.6923em 0}.no_top_margin{margin-top:0}.no_bottom_margin{margin-bottom:0}.no_margin{margin:0}.content a{color:#2f4a8b}.content a:hover,.content a:active{color:#985735}.content a:visited{color:#642a8f}.inline_list,.inline_list_right{list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0}.inline_list li{display:inline;margin-right:.3em}.inline_list_right li{display:inline;margin-left:.4em}.column_list{list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0}.column_list li{float:left;width:8em}.offscreen{text-indent:-9999px}.offscreen_noflow{float:left;text-indent:-9999em;_display:block;margin:0;padding:0;height:0}.left{float:left}.right{float:right}.align_right{text-align:right}.hidden{display:none}.nowrap{white-space:nowrap}.noborder{border:0}body .no_max_width{max-width:none;overflow:auto}.inline_block{display:-moz-inline-box;display:inline-block;*display:inline;zoom:1}.clearfix:before,.clearfix:after{content:"";display:table}.clearfix:after{clear:both}.clearfix{zoom:1}.small,sup,sub{font-size:.8461em;line-height:1.6363em}.small sup,.small sub{font-size:1em}sup,sub{position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}sup{top:-.5em}sub{top:.25em}.shadow{-webkit-box-shadow:.4em .4em .5em rgba(0,0,0,.3);-moz-box-shadow:.4em .4em .5em rgba(0,0,0,.3);box-shadow:.4em .4em .5em rgba(0,0,0,.3)}.iconblock{overflow:hidden}.icnblk_img{text-decoration:none;float:left;margin-right:1em;cursor:pointer}.icnblk_img_right{float:right;margin-right:0;margin-left:1em}.icnblk_cntnt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top;*zoom:1}.icnblk_cntnt h1,.icnblk_cntnt h2,.icnblk_cntnt h3,.icnblk_cntnt h4{margin:0 0 .6923em}.grid{min-width:800px;max-width:1200px;width:100%;clear:both;margin:0 auto;text-align:left;overflow:hidden}.col{margin-right:1%;float:left;background-color:#fff;overflow:hidden}.last{*zoom:1;*margin-right:0;_margin-right:-6px}.col.last{float:right}.one_col{width:7.3333%}.two_col{width:15.6664%}.three_col{width:23.9999%}.four_col{width:32.3333%}.five_col{width:40.6666%}.six_col{width:48.9999%}.seven_col{width:57.3333%}.eight_col{width:65.6666%}.nine_col{width:73.9999%}.ten_col{width:82.3333%}.eleven_col{width:90.6666%}.twelve_col{width:98.9999%}@media screen and (max-width:1200px){body>.grid>.twelve_col{width:100%}}h1.res_name a.imglogo{background:transparent url(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4013172/img/251741) no-repeat scroll 0 0;display:block;height:45px;text-indent:-9999px;width:165px}.col1 h1{margin-top:0}.col3 div .portlet.brieflink{margin-top:0}.header{padding-bottom:1.5em}.youtube{margin-bottom:-5px}.header{position:relative}.res_logo{position:relative}.res_logo,.res_logo *{_zoom:1}.res_logo h1.img_logo{z-index:19;position:absolute;left:0;top:5px;width:150px !important;height:28px;font-size:1px;text-indent:-10000px;padding-top:34px;width:14em;background:transparent url(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4013172/img/3242381) no-repeat scroll left top;line-height:1.1em;color:#555}.res_logo h1.img_logo a{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:150px !important;height:58px;z-index:21}.res_logo .res_name a:hover{border-bottom:0}.res_logo h2.res_tagline{z-index:18;display:block;position:absolute;top:26px;width:150px;font-weight:normal;color:#444;font-size:85%}div.nowrap div.nowrap input{*width:85%}body.HowtoPage .col1 h2{margin-top:4px}.res_name a{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:150px !important;height:60px;z-index:10}#all-resources,#all-howtos,#howtos-by-category,#indiv-howto{border-top:1px solid #bbb;border-left:1px solid #bbb;padding-left:1em;padding-bottom:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;border-radius:8px 0 0 0;-moz-border-radius:8px 0 0 0;-webkit-border-top-left-radius:8px;zoom:1}#all-resources ul,#all-howtos ul,#resources-by-category-quicklinks ul,#howtos-by-category ul{list-style-type:none;padding:0;margin:0}#all-resources ul li,#all-howtos ul li,#resources-by-category-quicklinks ul li,#howtos-by-category ul li{margin-bottom:.3em}#all-howtos h3,#resources-qlinks h3,#resources-by-category-quicklinks h2,#indiv-howto h3{width:75%;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;padding:0 0 .4em 0;margin-bottom:.4em;margin-top:1em}#resources-by-category-quicklinks h2{padding-right:2em;padding-bottom:.15em}#all-resources dl,#all-howtos dl,#resources-by-category dl,#howtos-by-category dl{margin-top:0}#resources-by-category dd{margin-left:0;margin-bottom:1.25em}#resources-by-category dt{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:1em}dt.featured span,li.featured span{font-weight:normal;color:#913bdf;margin-left:.5em;padding-left:1.75em;background:transparent url(/core/icons/flag_purple.png) no-repeat scroll 0 0}.featured{font-weight:bold}li a.featured{font-weight:normal}table.howto td{border-bottom:1px dotted #ccc;padding-right:.5em}table.howto th{text-align:left}.bad{background-image:url(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4013172/img/3245295) !important;background-repeat:repeat !important}body{background-color:#ccc}body>div.wrap{max-width:1200px;margin:auto;background-color:white}body.static .container{margin:1em}*:first-child+html h2.res_tagline{top:3em}noscript p.nojs{background:#ffb url(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4013172/img/67327) no-repeat 5px center;padding:4px;padding-left:28px;margin:0}.last-updated{text-align:right;margin-right:1em;color:#777}body.paf-nav .col1{float:left;width:70%}body.paf-nav .col2{width:28%;margin-left:72%}#paf-nav .portlet ul li a.paf-nav-current{text-decoration:none;color:black;font-weight:bold}@media print{html,body{height:100%}div.page>div.container{min-height:100%;margin-bottom:-20px;padding-bottom:52px;position:relative}p.last-updated{position:relative;bottom:0;right:0;height:24px;color:black}}@page{margin:.75in}.portlet{border-top:.4em solid #97b0c8;padding-top:.461em;margin:.769em 0 2.154em 0;overflow:visible;line-height:1.231em;zoom:1}.portlet h1,.portlet h2,.portlet h3,.portlet h4,.portlet h5,.portlet h6{color:#985735;font-weight:bold;display:inline}.portlet .whatsthis{color:#14376c;white-space:nowrap;margin-left:.3em}.portlet ul{margin:0;padding:0}.portlet ul li{list-style-type:none;margin-top:.461em;border-bottom:1px dotted #CCC;padding-bottom:1px;position:relative;overflow:visible;zoom:1}.portlet .portlet_list li{border-bottom:0}.portlet ul li a{font-weight:normal;color:#14376c;text-decoration:none}.portlet ul li a:hover,.portlet ul li a:active{border-bottom:0}.portlet ul a{_display:block;_float:left;_clear:left}.portlet .seemore{display:block;text-align:right;color:#14376c;font-size:.923em;text-decoration:none;margin-top:.8em}.portlet .portlet_section_header{text-decoration:none;font-weight:bold;color:#000;border-bottom:0}.portlet li.two_line{height:2.461em;height\0:2.361em;overflow:hidden}.portlet .two_line a{max-height:2.453em;overflow:hidden;display:block}.portlet .long_info,.portlet p,.portlet .two_line .source,.portlet .one_line_source,.portlet_content .image .desc,.portlet ul li .desc a{color:#777}.portlet .two_line .source,.portlet .one_line_source{white-space:nowrap;position:absolute;right:0;background-color:white;padding-left:.3em}.portlet .two_line .source{top:1.231em}.portlet .two_line .tertiary{font-size:.769em;color:#777;position:absolute;right:0;background-color:white;padding:.1em 0 0 .3em;top:1.6em;top\0:1.5em}.portlet .portlet_content p{margin:.8em 0}.portlet .buttonwrap{float:left;position:relative;top:-.1em;overflow:visible}.portlet .invert{color:#fff;background-color:#14376c;padding:0 .2em}.portlet .tertiary{color:#777;text-align:right;line-height:1.4em;position:relative;top:.1em}.portlet_content{position:relative;margin:0}.portlet_content textarea{margin:0 0 .9em}.portlet_content img{margin:.3em 1.4em .7em 0}.portlet_content .image{display:block;overflow:auto;overflow:hidden\0}.portlet_content .image .img_link{float:left}.portlet_shutter{background:url(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4013172/img/32197) no-repeat scroll left top;display:block;float:right;width:15px;height:15px;position:absolute;top:-.2em;margin-left:.6em;right:0}.shutter_closed{background-position:left bottom}.portlet .related li{border-bottom:0}.portlet .right{text-align:right}.ra_qry,.ra_rcd{padding-left:2em}.ra_qry{background:transparent url(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4013172/img/32182) no-repeat scroll 0 1px}.ra_rcd{background:transparent url(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4013172/img/32183) no-repeat scroll 0 1px}.sensor{border:1px solid #c8ddeb;background-color:#f7f9fb;padding:0 1em 1em;margin:1em 0}.sensor .sensor_head{margin-bottom:0;position:relative}.sensor .sensor_head h3{font-weight:normal}.sensor h3,.sensor h4,.sensor h5,.sensor h6{margin:.6923em 0 0}.sensor .sensor_content{margin-bottom:1.1em}.sensor p{margin:0}.sensor .portlet_shutter{display:none}.no_p_margins{margin:0}.portlet_head{margin-bottom:.461em;position:relative}.portlet_title,.sensor_title{margin-right:2em}.portlet_title h3{line-height:inherit}.content{min-width:925px;margin-top:1em;zoom:1}#resources-by-category>h2{margin-top:0}*{zoom:1}.col1{float:left;width:100%}.col1inner{zoom:1;z-index:100;position:relative;margin:0 250px 0 240px;padding:0 1em}.col2{float:left;margin-left:-100%;width:260px}.col3{float:right;margin-left:-100%;width:240px;margin-right:10px}*:first-child+html .portlet h3{padding:0;margin-top:0}*:first-child+html .portlet .portlet_title{margin-top:0}*:first-child+html .col3{margin-left:-250px !important}#adghs{margin-bottom:3em;_margin-bottom:0}.about_ncbi{border-left:1px solid #eee}.about_links{padding:0;margin:1em 0 1em 1em}.about_links li{display:inline}#gstarted{margin:3.325em 0}.expanderWrapper.ui-ncbiexpander{margin-bottom:5px}.portlet.rss ul{margin:1em 0;padding:0;list-style-type:none}.portlet.rss ul li{margin:0;border:0}.portlet.rss ul a{line-height:1.2em}.portlet.rss ul p.desc{margin:0 0 .5em 0;width:100%;line-height:1.2em}.portlet.rss ul p.short{height:2.4em;width:100%;overflow:hidden;line-height:1.2em;text-overflow:ellipsis;-o-text-overflow:ellipsis;-ms-text-overflow:ellipsis}.portlet.rss ul .arrow{width:100%}.portlet.rss ul div.up{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.portlet.rss ul div.down{border-top:1px solid #ccc}.portlet.rss ul .arrow div{width:0;height:0;border-left:5px solid transparent;border-right:5px solid transparent;margin:0 auto;_border-left-color:pink;_border-bottom-color:pink;_border-right-color:pink;_filter:chroma(color=pink)}.portlet.rss ul div.hover{border-color:#000}.portlet.rss ul div.hover div.down{border-top-color:#000}.portlet.rss ul div.hover div.up{border-bottom-color:#000}.portlet.rss ul .arrow div.down{border-top:5px solid #ccc;border-bottom:0}.portlet.rss ul .arrow div.up{border-top:0;border-bottom:5px solid #ccc}.portlet.rss ul p.date{font-size:80%;color:#888;margin:.25em 0;text-align:right;margin-top:-0.1em;margin-left:.5em}.portlet.rss a.more{display:block;text-align:right;padding-right:1em}.portlet.rss a.more:hover{border-bottom:0}.header{background:#d5d5d5 url(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4013172/img/2375536) repeat-x scroll left bottom;position:relative;margin-bottom:1.231em;z-index:20}.header a{text-decoration:none}.header a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.search{margin:0 0 0 13.539em;padding:1.2em 0 .7em}.search_form{*zoom:1}.search_form select,.search_form .jig-ncbiclearbutton-wrap,.search_form button{margin-right:.2em;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif}.search_form select{font-size:1.077em;width:8.5em;margin-right:.3em;*vertical-align:middle;position:relative;bottom:1px}.search_form select optgroup{font-style:normal;color:#555;padding-left:.2em}.search_form select optgroup option{color:#000}.search_form input{font-size:1.1543em;width:48%;display:inline-block;_width:100%}.search_form div.nowrap{*height:100%}.search_form button.nowrap{*vertical-align:middle}.search_form div.nowrap div.nowrap{*height:100%;*vertical-align:middle}.search_form .nowrap{display:inline;*zoom:1}.searchlinks{margin:.2em 0 0 9.6em;_zoom:1}.searchlinks li{margin-right:1.2em;zoom:1}.searchlinks .help{position:absolute;right:1em;margin-right:0;_margin-top:-.1em}.searchlinks .hidden{display:none}.searchlinks .visible{display:inline}.search_form .wrap{position:relative;display:inline;_width:70%}#cl{position:absolute;right:8px;top:-3px;top:-12px\9;*top:5px}.search_form button{border:0 none;cursor:pointer;overflow:visible;width:auto;background-color:#ddd;padding:.2em .4em;*padding:.2em .6em;_padding:.2em .4em;margin:0 .2em;*margin:0 .3em;*height:2em;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;border-radius:5px;text-shadow:.1em .1em .1em rgba(0,0,0,.5);-moz-box-shadow:.1em .1em .1em rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:.1em .1em .1em rgba(0,0,0,.5);box-shadow:.1em .1em .1em rgba(0,0,0,.5)}.search_form button.button_search{background-color:#47a;font-weight:bold;color:#fff;*margin-left:.5em;font-size:inherit}.search_form button.button_search:active{background-color:#4c96df}.search_form button.button_preview{background-color:#a64d48;font-weight:bold;color:#fff}.search_form button.button_preview:active{background-color:#f27069}.search_form input:focus{-moz-box-shadow:0 0 .3em rgba(211,186,44,.8)}.search_form .jig-ncbiclearbutton-wrap{width:64%;*display:inline;border:1px solid #999}.search_form .jig-ncbiclearbutton-wrap input{width:100%;*width:50%}.search_form .jig-ncbiclearbutton-wrap a.reset{margin-left:0;top:50%;margin-top:-7px}.rss_icon{position:relative;top:3px;margin-right:.3em}.rss_menu{z-index:1001;display:none}.rss_menu legend{font-weight:bold;margin:2px 0 0 3px}.rss_menu ul{margin:0;padding:0;list-style-type:none;padding-top:5px}.rss_menu ul li{margin-bottom:.4em}.rss_menu span,.rss_menu label{margin-right:.5em}.rss_menu ul input{top:0}.rss_menu dd{margin-left:0;margin-bottom:1em}.rss_menu #rss_name{width:15em}.rss_menu button{margin-top:.5em}.rss_menu label{display:block}.db_logo{background:transparent url() no-repeat scroll left top;display:block;height:36px;width:100px;text-indent:-9999px}.res_logo{width:11.539em;left:1.231em;padding-top:.4em;position:absolute}.res_logo h1{font-weight:normal;margin:0}.long{padding:.5em 0}.long h1{line-height:1.15}.res_logo h1 a{color:#333;display:block;padding:.3em 0;text-shadow:1px 1px 1px rgba(240,240,240,.9)}.res_tagline{display:none}.res_logo h1 a,.res_logo h1 a:hover,.res_logo h1 a:visited{text-decoration:none}h1.img_logo{margin:0}h1.img_logo a{padding:0}div.page div.header{margin-bottom:0}div#gd-lcl-nav div#icongraphic{background-image:url(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4013172/img/28156);background-position:bottom right;background-repeat:no-repeat}div#gd-lcl-nav h2{margin:0;padding:0 0 4px 0;border:0;background-image:none;margin-left:1.333em}div#gd-lcl-nav a{color:black;text-decoration:none}div#gd-lcl-nav li.current{font-weight:bold;background-color:white;background-image:url(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4013172/img/12287);background-position:left}div#gd-lcl-nav ul{list-style:none;padding-left:0;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;*margin-top:.5em;border-left:3px solid #b0cc79}div#gd-lcl-nav.gd-lcl-nav-howto ul{border-left:3px solid #aec4f0}div#gd-lcl-nav ul li{background-color:white;background-image:url(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4013172/img/12246);background-position:left;background-repeat:repeat-y;margin:0;padding:0 .2em 0 .5em;height:25px;position:relative;*margin-bottom:-3px}div#gd-lcl-nav.gd-lcl-nav-howto ul li{background-color:white;background-image:url(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4013172/img/12244);background-position:left;background-repeat:repeat-y}div#gd-lcl-nav.gd-lcl-nav-howto ul li.current{background-color:white;background-image:url(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4013172/img/12285);background-position:left}div#gd-lcl-nav ul li a{color:#494949;border-bottom:0;line-height:1.8em;text-decoration:none;position:absolute;height:25px;width:90%;top:.2em;margin-left:.8em}div#gd-lcl-nav ul li a:hover{color:#222;text-decoration:underline}div#gd-lcl-nav .homelink{font-weight:bold}div#gd-lcl-nav.gd-lcl-nav-howto ul li{background-color:white;background-image:url("/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/194600/img/12244");background-position:left center;background-repeat:repeat-y}div#gd-lcl-nav ul li.nav-divide{height:3px;background-image:url(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4013172/img/218233)}div#gd-lcl-nav ul li.first{background-image:url(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4013172/img/218234)}div#gd-lcl-nav ul li.before-divide{*margin-bottom:-1.4em;background-image:url(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4013172/img/218235)}div#gd-lcl-nav ul li.map-current{background-image:url(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4013172/img/225418)}@media print{body{background-color:white}.shadow{-webkit-box-shadow:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}html body div.page{font-family:Georgia,serif;line-height:1.2}#NCBIFooter_dynamic{display:none}}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="grid">
<div class="col twelve_col nomargin shadow">
<div class="wrap">
<div class="page">
<div data-section="header">
<div class="universal_header" id="universal_header" xml:base="http://127.0.0.1/sites/static/header_footer/" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><ul class="inline_list jig-ncbimenu ui-ncbimenu resources_list" id="navcontent"><li class="ui-ncbimenu-item-leaf ui-ncbimenu-item-first ui-helper-reset ui-ncbimenu-item-no-hlt"><a accesskey="1" class="ui-ncbimenu-link-first" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" id="ncbihome" role="banner" title="NCBI Home"><span class="offscreen_noflow">NCBI</span><img alt="NCBI Logo" class="ncbi_logo" src="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4117326/img/28977" title="NCBI"/></a></li><li class="offscreen_noflow ui-ncbimenu-item-skip access"><a accesskey="3" href="#maincontent" tabindex="0" title="Skip to the content">Skip to main
content</a></li><li class="offscreen_noflow ui-ncbimenu-item-skip access"><a accesskey="4" href="#navcontent" tabindex="0" title="Skip to the navigation">Skip to
navigation</a></li><li class="topmenu ui-helper-reset ui-ncbimenu-item-first ui-helper-reset" id="resource-menu"><a class="ui-ncbimenu-first-link-has-submenu ui-ncbimenu-link-first topanchor expandDown" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/static/header_footer_ajax/submenu/#resources">Resources</a><ul id="resources-submenu"><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/all/">All Resources</a></li><li><a href="#chemicals-bioassays">Chemicals &amp; Bioassays</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu chemicals-bioassays"><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosystems/" title=" Database that groups biomedical literature, small molecules, and sequence data in terms of biological relationships. ">BioSystems</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pcassay" title=" Contributed bioactivity data for PubChem Substances ">PubChem BioAssay</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pccompound" title=" Unique, standardized chemical structures ">PubChem Compound</a></li><li><a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/search.cgi" title=" Searches PubChem Compound by chemical structure ">PubChem Structure Search</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pcsubstance" title=" Provides information on the biological activities of small molecules. ">PubChem Substance</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/chemicals-bioassays/">All Chemicals &amp; Bioassays Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#dna-rna">DNA &amp; RNA</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu dna-rna"><li><a href="https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi" title=" Tool for finding local regions of sequence similarity ">BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)</a></li><li><a href="https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?CMD=Web&amp;PAGE_TYPE=BlastDocs&amp;DOC_TYPE=Download" title=" BLAST programs for a local computer ">BLAST (Stand-alone)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK25501/ " title=" URL application programming interface for searching, linking and downloading data within NCBI's Entrez system ">E-Utilities</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/" title=" DNA and RNA sequences submitted to NCBI ">GenBank</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/WebSub/?tool=genbank" title=" Web tool for simple submissions of nucleotide sequences ">GenBank: BankIt</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/Sequin/" title=" Software tool for complex submissions of nucleotide sequences ">GenBank: Sequin</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/tbl2asn2/" title=" Command-line program for submitting sequence data ">GenBank: tbl2asn</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/gbench/" title=" Stand-alone application for analyzing sequence data ">Genome Workbench</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/FLU/" title=" Data from the NIAID Influenza Genome Sequencing Project ">Influenza Virus</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore" title=" Nucleotide sequence data in GenBank and RefSeq ">Nucleotide Database</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/popset" title=" Sets of nucleotide sequences representing a population ">PopSet</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast/" title=" Designs PCR primers and analyzes them for target specificity using BLAST. ">Primer-BLAST</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/static/prosplign/prosplign.html" title=" Tool for aligning proteins to genomic DNA ">ProSplign</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/" title=" Curated nucleotide and protein sequences produced by NCBI ">Reference Sequence (RefSeq)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/rsg/" title=" RefSeqGene reference standards for genomic sequences of well-characterized genes ">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/sra/sra.cgi?" title=" Database of sequences reads from next generation sequencing technologies ">Sequence Read Archive (SRA)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/splign/" title=" Tool for aligning transcripts to genomic DNA ">Splign</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/trace.cgi" title=" DNA chromatograms, base calls, and quality estimates for single-pass reads. ">Trace Archive</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/unigene" title=" Gene-centered clusters of transcripts and ESTs ">UniGene</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/dna-rna/">All DNA &amp; RNA Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#data-software">Data &amp; Software</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu data-software"><li><a href="https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi" title=" Tool for finding local regions of sequence similarity ">BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)</a></li><li><a href="https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?CMD=Web&amp;PAGE_TYPE=BlastDocs&amp;DOC_TYPE=Download" title=" BLAST programs for a local computer ">BLAST (Stand-alone)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/CN3D/cn3d.shtml" title=" Program for viewing 3D structures and alignments ">Cn3D</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi" title=" Locates conserved domains within a protein sequence ">Conserved Domain Search Service (CD Search)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK25501/ " title=" URL application programming interface for searching, linking and downloading data within NCBI's Entrez system ">E-Utilities</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/WebSub/?tool=genbank" title=" Web tool for simple submissions of nucleotide sequences ">GenBank: BankIt</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/Sequin/" title=" Software tool for complex submissions of nucleotide sequences ">GenBank: Sequin</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/tbl2asn2/" title=" Command-line program for submitting sequence data ">GenBank: tbl2asn</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/protmap.cgi" title=" Maps proteins from a COG/VOG back to its genome ">Genome ProtMap</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/gbench/" title=" Stand-alone application for analyzing sequence data ">Genome Workbench</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast/" title=" Designs PCR primers and analyzes them for target specificity using BLAST. ">Primer-BLAST</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/static/prosplign/prosplign.html" title=" Tool for aligning proteins to genomic DNA ">ProSplign</a></li><li><a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/search.cgi" title=" Searches PubChem Compound by chemical structure ">PubChem Structure Search</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/SNP/" title=" The SNP database tools page provides links to the general submission guidelines and to the submission handle request. ">SNP Submission Tool</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/splign/" title=" Tool for aligning transcripts to genomic DNA ">Splign</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/VAST/vast.html" title=" Tool that generates 3D structural alignments ">Vector Alignment Search Tool (VAST)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/data-software/">All Data &amp; Software Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#domains-structures">Domains &amp; Structures</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu domains-structures"><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosystems/" title=" Database that groups biomedical literature, small molecules, and sequence data in terms of biological relationships. ">BioSystems</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/CN3D/cn3d.shtml" title=" Program for viewing 3D structures and alignments ">Cn3D</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cdd" title=" Database of conserved protein domains represented by multiple sequence alignments ">Conserved Domain Database (CDD)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi" title=" Locates conserved domains within a protein sequence ">Conserved Domain Search Service (CD Search)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/structure/" title=" Database of 3D macromolecular structures derived from PDB ">Structure (Molecular Modeling Database)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/VAST/vast.html" title=" Tool that generates 3D structural alignments ">Vector Alignment Search Tool (VAST)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/domains-structures/">All Domains &amp; Structures Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#genes-expression">Genes &amp; Expression</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu genes-expression"><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosystems/" title=" Database that groups biomedical literature, small molecules, and sequence data in terms of biological relationships. ">BioSystems</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gap" title=" Genotype/Phenotype association studies ">Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK25501/ " title=" URL application programming interface for searching, linking and downloading data within NCBI's Entrez system ">E-Utilities</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene" title=" Database of gene loci and associated transcripts and proteins ">Gene</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/" title=" Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Database ">Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Database </a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gds" title=" Curated collections of gene expression data sets ">Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Datasets</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geoprofiles/" title=" Database of gene expression Profiles for individual sequences ">Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Profiles</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/gbench/" title=" Stand-alone application for analyzing sequence data ">Genome Workbench</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/homologene" title=" Sets of homologous eukaryotic genes ">HomoloGene</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/" title=" Tool for searching, viewing and downloading genomic maps and related data ">Map Viewer</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim" title=" Database of human genes and genetic disorders ">Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/rsg/" title=" RefSeqGene reference standards for genomic sequences of well-characterized genes ">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/unigene" title=" Gene-centered clusters of transcripts and ESTs ">UniGene</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/genes-expression/">All Genes &amp; Expression Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#genetics-medicine">Genetics &amp; Medicine</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu genetics-medicine"><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books" title=" Online biomedical books ">Bookshelf</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gap" title=" Genotype/Phenotype association studies ">Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/" title=" Detailed information about genetic tests and labs ">Genetic Testing Registry</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/FLU/" title=" Data from the NIAID Influenza Genome Sequencing Project ">Influenza Virus</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/" title=" Tool for searching, viewing and downloading genomic maps and related data ">Map Viewer</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim" title=" Database of human genes and genetic disorders ">Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed" title=" Biomedical literature abstracts ">PubMed</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/" title=" Free, full-text articles ">PubMed Central (PMC)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/clinical " title=" Directory of PubMed queries about clinical topics ">PubMed Clinical Queries</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/rsg/" title=" RefSeqGene reference standards for genomic sequences of well-characterized genes ">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/genetics-medicine/">All Genetics &amp; Medicine Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#genomes-maps">Genomes &amp; Maps</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu genomes-maps"><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/dbvar" title=" A database of genomic structural variation ">Database of Genomic Structural Variation (dbVar)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/tbl2asn2/" title=" Command-line program for submitting sequence data ">GenBank: tbl2asn</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/genome" title=" Curated genomic DNA sequences ">Genome</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/" title=" Central status pages for genome sequencing projects ">Genome Project</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/protmap.cgi" title=" Maps proteins from a COG/VOG back to its genome ">Genome ProtMap</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/gbench/" title=" Stand-alone application for analyzing sequence data ">Genome Workbench</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/FLU/" title=" Data from the NIAID Influenza Genome Sequencing Project ">Influenza Virus</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/" title=" Tool for searching, viewing and downloading genomic maps and related data ">Map Viewer</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore" title=" Nucleotide sequence data in GenBank and RefSeq ">Nucleotide Database</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/popset" title=" Sets of nucleotide sequences representing a population ">PopSet</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/static/prosplign/prosplign.html" title=" Tool for aligning proteins to genomic DNA ">ProSplign</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/sra/sra.cgi?" title=" Database of sequences reads from next generation sequencing technologies ">Sequence Read Archive (SRA)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/splign/" title=" Tool for aligning transcripts to genomic DNA ">Splign</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/trace.cgi" title=" DNA chromatograms, base calls, and quality estimates for single-pass reads. ">Trace Archive</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/genomes-maps/">All Genomes &amp; Maps Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#homology">Homology</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu homology"><li><a href="https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi" title=" Tool for finding local regions of sequence similarity ">BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)</a></li><li><a href="https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?CMD=Web&amp;PAGE_TYPE=BlastDocs&amp;DOC_TYPE=Download" title=" BLAST programs for a local computer ">BLAST (Stand-alone)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/blink.cgi?mode=query" title=" Pre-computed reports showing proteins with similar sequences ">BLAST Link (BLink)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cdd" title=" Database of conserved protein domains represented by multiple sequence alignments ">Conserved Domain Database (CDD)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi" title=" Locates conserved domains within a protein sequence ">Conserved Domain Search Service (CD Search)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/protmap.cgi" title=" Maps proteins from a COG/VOG back to its genome ">Genome ProtMap</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/homologene" title=" Sets of homologous eukaryotic genes ">HomoloGene</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/proteinclusters" title=" Clusters of related proteins from prokaryotes and organelles ">Protein Clusters</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/homology/">All Homology Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#literature">Literature</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu literature"><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books" title=" Online biomedical books ">Bookshelf</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK25501/ " title=" URL application programming interface for searching, linking and downloading data within NCBI's Entrez system ">E-Utilities</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals" title=" Information on journals cited by NCBI records ">Journals in NCBI Databases</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh" title=" Controlled vocabulary for MEDLINE ">MeSH Database</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK143764/" title=" Introductory articles about NCBI resources ">NCBI Handbook</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK3831/" title=" Online, searchable help documentation ">NCBI Help Manual</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1969/" title=" NCBI's monthly newsletter ">NCBI News</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed" title=" Biomedical literature abstracts ">PubMed</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/" title=" Free, full-text articles ">PubMed Central (PMC)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/clinical " title=" Directory of PubMed queries about clinical topics ">PubMed Clinical Queries</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/" title=" Reviews of clinical effectiveness research ">PubMed Health</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/literature/">All Literature Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#proteins">Proteins</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu proteins"><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosystems/" title=" Database that groups biomedical literature, small molecules, and sequence data in terms of biological relationships. ">BioSystems</a></li><li><a href="https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi" title=" Tool for finding local regions of sequence similarity ">BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)</a></li><li><a href="https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?CMD=Web&amp;PAGE_TYPE=BlastDocs&amp;DOC_TYPE=Download" title=" BLAST programs for a local computer ">BLAST (Stand-alone)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/blink.cgi?mode=query" title=" Pre-computed reports showing proteins with similar sequences ">BLAST Link (BLink)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cdd" title=" Database of conserved protein domains represented by multiple sequence alignments ">Conserved Domain Database (CDD)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi" title=" Locates conserved domains within a protein sequence ">Conserved Domain Search Service (CD Search)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK25501/ " title=" URL application programming interface for searching, linking and downloading data within NCBI's Entrez system ">E-Utilities</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/static/prosplign/prosplign.html" title=" Tool for aligning proteins to genomic DNA ">ProSplign</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/proteinclusters" title=" Clusters of related proteins from prokaryotes and organelles ">Protein Clusters</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein" title=" Protein sequence data ">Protein Database</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/" title=" Curated nucleotide and protein sequences produced by NCBI ">Reference Sequence (RefSeq)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/proteins/">All Proteins Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#sequence-analysis">Sequence Analysis</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu sequence-analysis"><li><a href="https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi" title=" Tool for finding local regions of sequence similarity ">BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)</a></li><li><a href="https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?CMD=Web&amp;PAGE_TYPE=BlastDocs&amp;DOC_TYPE=Download" title=" BLAST programs for a local computer ">BLAST (Stand-alone)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/blink.cgi?mode=query" title=" Pre-computed reports showing proteins with similar sequences ">BLAST Link (BLink)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi" title=" Locates conserved domains within a protein sequence ">Conserved Domain Search Service (CD Search)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/protmap.cgi" title=" Maps proteins from a COG/VOG back to its genome ">Genome ProtMap</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/gbench/" title=" Stand-alone application for analyzing sequence data ">Genome Workbench</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/FLU/" title=" Data from the NIAID Influenza Genome Sequencing Project ">Influenza Virus</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast/" title=" Designs PCR primers and analyzes them for target specificity using BLAST. ">Primer-BLAST</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/static/prosplign/prosplign.html" title=" Tool for aligning proteins to genomic DNA ">ProSplign</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/splign/" title=" Tool for aligning transcripts to genomic DNA ">Splign</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/sequence-analysis/">All Sequence Analysis Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#taxonomy">Taxonomy</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu taxonomy"><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy" title=" The NCBI taxonomy tree in Entrez ">Taxonomy</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Root" title=" Displays and links Entrez data to each taxonomic node ">Taxonomy Browser</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/CommonTree/wwwcmt.cgi" title=" Creates custom taxonomic trees ">Taxonomy Common Tree</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/taxonomy/">All Taxonomy Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-tutorials">Training &amp; Tutorials</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu training-tutorials"><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/education/" title=" Central page providing links to tutorials and training materials ">NCBI Education Page</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK143764/" title=" Introductory articles about NCBI resources ">NCBI Handbook</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK3831/" title=" Online, searchable help documentation ">NCBI Help Manual</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1969/" title=" NCBI's monthly newsletter ">NCBI News</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/training-tutorials/">All Training &amp; Tutorials Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#variation">Variation</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu variation"><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/dbvar" title=" A database of genomic structural variation ">Database of Genomic Structural Variation (dbVar)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gap" title=" Genotype/Phenotype association studies ">Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp" title=" Database of nucleotide sequence polymorphisms ">Database of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (dbSNP)</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/SNP/" title=" The SNP database tools page provides links to the general submission guidelines and to the submission handle request. ">SNP Submission Tool</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/variation/">All Variation Resources...</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="topmenu ui-helper-reset ui-ncbimenu-item-first" id="all-howtos-menu"><a class="ui-ncbimenu-first-link-has-submenu ui-ncbimenu-link-first topanchor expandDown" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/static/header_footer_ajax/submenu/#howto">How To</a><ul id="howto-submenu"><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/all/#howtos">All How To</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/chemicals-bioassays/#howtos">Chemicals &amp; Bioassays</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/dna-rna/#howtos">DNA &amp; RNA</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/data-software/#howtos">Data &amp; Software</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/domains-structures/#howtos">Domains &amp; Structures</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/genes-expression/#howtos">Genes &amp; Expression</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/genetics-medicine/#howtos">Genetics &amp; Medicine</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/genomes-maps/#howtos">Genomes &amp; Maps</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/homology/#howtos">Homology</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/literature/#howtos">Literature</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/proteins/#howtos">Proteins</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/sequence-analysis/#howtos">Sequence Analysis</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/taxonomy/#howtos">Taxonomy</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/training-tutorials/#howtos">Training &amp; Tutorials</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/variation/#howtos">Variation</a></li></ul></li><li class="offscreen_noflow ui-ncbimenu-item-skip access"><a accesskey="0" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#accesskeys" tabindex="0" title="About My NCBI Accesskeys">About NCBI Accesskeys</a></li></ul><div class="myncbi"><span id="myncbiusername" style="display:none"><a href="/account/settings/" id="mnu" title="Edit account settings"/></span><a accesskey="2" href="/myncbi/" id="myncbi" style="display:none">My NCBI</a><a href="/account/" id="sign_in">Sign in to NCBI</a><a href="/account/signout/" id="sign_out" style="display:none">Sign Out</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div id="maincontent" class="content col twelve_col last">
<div style="margin-left:2em;">
<h1>We are sorry, but the page you requested is no longer available.</h1>
<h2>NCBI's SKY-CGH site has been retired.</h2>
<p>
The public data from this resource can be downloaded from our <a
href="https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sky-cgh/DATA/">FTP server</a> and will soon
be available in the <a
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/dbvar/studies/nstd136/">dbVar database (SKY-CGH)</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div data-section="footer">
<div id="NCBIFooter_dynamic">
<div class="breadcrumbs">
<span id="breadcrumb_text">
You are here: <a href="/">NCBI</a> &gt;
<span/>
National Center for Biotechnology Information
</span>
</div>
<a id="help-desk-link" class="help_desk" target="_blank" href="/sites/ehelp?&amp;Ncbi_App=simple-ssi-site-page&amp;Page=static&amp;" onclick="window.open('/sites/ehelp?&amp;Ncbi_App=simple-ssi-site-page&amp;Page=static&amp;Snapshot=none;Time=','HelpDesk','resizable=no,scrollbars=yes,location=no,status=yes,menubar=no,top=50,left=200,width=720,height=695');return false;">Write to the Help Desk</a>
</div>
<div class="footer" id="footer" xml:base="http://127.0.0.1/sites/static/header_footer/" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<div class="subfooter">
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Simple NCBI Directory</h2>
<ul class="foot_list" id="getting_started">
<li><h3>Getting Started</h3></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/learn.shtml">NCBI Education</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK3831/">NCBI Help Manual</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK143764/">NCBI Handbook</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/learn.shtml">Training &amp; Tutorials</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/submit.shtml">Submit Data</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="foot_list" id="resources">
<li><h3>Resources</h3></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/chemicals-bioassays/">Chemicals &amp; Bioassays</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/data-software/">Data &amp; Software</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/dna-rna/">DNA &amp; RNA</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/domains-structures/">Domains &amp; Structures</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/genes-expression/">Genes &amp; Expression</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/genetics-medicine/">Genetics &amp; Medicine</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/genomes-maps/">Genomes &amp; Maps</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/homology/">Homology</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/literature/">Literature</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/proteins/">Proteins</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/sequence-analysis/">Sequence Analysis</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/taxonomy/">Taxonomy</a></li><li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/variation/">Variation</a></li></ul>
<ul class="foot_list" id="popular">
<li><h3>Popular</h3></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/">PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/">Bookshelf</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/">PubMed Central</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/">PubMed Health</a></li>
<li><a class="newdomain" href="https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi">BLAST</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/">Nucleotide</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/">Genome</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/">SNP</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">Gene</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/">Protein</a></li>
<li><a class="newdomain" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/">PubChem</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="foot_list" id="featured">
<li><h3>Featured</h3></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/">Genetic Testing Registry</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/">PubMed Health</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/">GenBank</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/">Reference Sequences</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/">Gene Expression Omnibus</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/">Map Viewer</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/guide/human/">Human Genome</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/guide/mouse/">Mouse Genome</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/FLU/">Influenza Virus</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast/">Primer-BLAST</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/sra/">Sequence Read Archive</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="foot_list" id="info">
<li><h3>NCBI Information</h3></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/about/">About NCBI</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/">Research at NCBI</a></li>
<li><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/news/">NCBI News</a></li>
<li><a href="https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/">NCBI FTP Site</a></li>
<li><a class="external" href="https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm">NCBI on Facebook</a></li>
<li><a class="external" href="https://twitter.com/ncbi">NCBI on Twitter</a></li>
<li><a class="external" href="https://www.youtube.com/ncbinlm">NCBI on YouTube</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="offscreen_noflow" id="external-disclaimer">
External link. Please review our <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/privacy.html">privacy policy</a>.
</div>
<div class="contact_info" id="ncbifooter">
<div id="footer-contents-right">
<div id="nlm_thumb_logo">
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov" title="NLM">NLM</a>
</div>
<div id="nih_thumb_logo">
<a href="https://www.nih.gov" title="NIH">NIH</a>
</div>
<div id="hhs_thumb_logo">
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov" title="DHHS">DHHS</a>
</div>
<div id="usagov_thumb_logo">
<a href="https://www.usa.gov" title="USA.gov">USA.gov</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer-contents-left">
<p class="address vcard">
<span class="url">
<a class="fn url newdomain" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">National Center for
Biotechnology Information</a>,
</span> <span class="org url newdomain"><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/">U.S. National Library of Medicine</a></span>
<span class="adr">
<span class="street-address">8600 Rockville Pike</span>, <span class="locality">Bethesda</span>
<span class="region">MD</span>, <span class="postal-code">20894</span>
<span class="country-name">USA</span>
</span>
</p>
<a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/about/policies.shtml">Policies and Guidelines</a> | <a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/about/contact.shtml">Contact</a>
</div>
</div>
<script src="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/rlib/js/InstrumentOmnitureBaseJS/InstrumentNCBIConfigJS/InstrumentNCBIBaseJS/InstrumentPageStarterJS.js?v=1" type="text/javascript"> </script>
<script src="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/static/js/hfjs2.js" type="text/javascript"> </script>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<style type="text/css">body { min-width: 960px !important; }</style>
</body>
</html>