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||
|
||
<div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to">
|
||
<button id="save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Email
|
||
</button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="trigger more-actions-trigger"
|
||
ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn"
|
||
aria-label="Send to"
|
||
aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link "
|
||
href="#"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="clipboard"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Clipboard
|
||
</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F39847660%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F39847660%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
|
||
<button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
|
||
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
|
||
<div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="format-container">
|
||
<span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span>
|
||
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format">
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="eSqVrHRVvZfTVSNI3bLfyRJr0pTRBxgBvFa04xkh5A2nPjTyGuoh2Zf5ytB3u8OV">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container">
|
||
<div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Save citation to file
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="save-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="eSqVrHRVvZfTVSNI3bLfyRJr0pTRBxgBvFa04xkh5A2nPjTyGuoh2Zf5ytB3u8OV">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option>
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="csv">CSV</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_save_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="email-action-panel"
|
||
class="email-action-panel action-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback"
|
||
data-recaptcha-enabled="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Email citation
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="email-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="eSqVrHRVvZfTVSNI3bLfyRJr0pTRBxgBvFa04xkh5A2nPjTyGuoh2Zf5ytB3u8OV">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Subject:
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">Related Articles by Review for PMID: 39847660 - PubMed</span>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="Related Articles by Review for PMID: 39847660"/>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="124c67820cc5a29bcddd9f36bbeb405b550597858fedf447d5817ae4644557fa"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
To:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
From:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
|
||
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
|
||
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Send email
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="Related Articles by Review for PMID: 39847660" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="124c67820cc5a29bcddd9f36bbeb405b550597858fedf447d5817ae4644557fa" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="collections-action-panel"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to Collections
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="eSqVrHRVvZfTVSNI3bLfyRJr0pTRBxgBvFa04xkh5A2nPjTyGuoh2Zf5ytB3u8OV">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="controls-wrapper">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
|
||
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
|
||
</select>
|
||
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to My Bibliography
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
|
||
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="eSqVrHRVvZfTVSNI3bLfyRJr0pTRBxgBvFa04xkh5A2nPjTyGuoh2Zf5ytB3u8OV">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
|
||
<div class="choice-group">
|
||
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
|
||
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="mybib"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your saved search
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
|
||
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
|
||
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="eSqVrHRVvZfTVSNI3bLfyRJr0pTRBxgBvFa04xkh5A2nPjTyGuoh2Zf5ytB3u8OV">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of saved search:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="saved-search-name"
|
||
id="saved-search-name"
|
||
class="saved-search-name"
|
||
value=""
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Search terms:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
|
||
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
|
||
Would you like email updates of new search results?
|
||
</span>
|
||
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
|
||
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Frequency:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
|
||
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
|
||
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
|
||
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
|
||
<option value="day">The first day</option>
|
||
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Report format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
|
||
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Send at most:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
|
||
<option value="1">1 item</option>
|
||
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10 items</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20 items</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50 items</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100 items</option>
|
||
<option value="200">200 items</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
|
||
Send even when there aren't any new results
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Optional text in email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
id="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Create a file for external citation management software
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="eSqVrHRVvZfTVSNI3bLfyRJr0pTRBxgBvFa04xkh5A2nPjTyGuoh2Zf5ytB3u8OV">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your RSS Feed
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
|
||
data-search-form-term-value="">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="eSqVrHRVvZfTVSNI3bLfyRJr0pTRBxgBvFa04xkh5A2nPjTyGuoh2Zf5ytB3u8OV">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of RSS Feed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
placeholder="Name"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="rss-name"
|
||
id="rss-name"
|
||
class="rss-name"
|
||
value=''
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Number of items displayed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
|
||
<option value="5">5</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10</option>
|
||
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Creating..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create RSS
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
|
||
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
|
||
<button
|
||
type="button"
|
||
disabled
|
||
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="rss"
|
||
data-ga-label="copy">
|
||
Copy
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="39847660">
|
||
<aside class="page-sidebar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
|
||
<div class="full-text-links">
|
||
<div class="full-view">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="full-text-links-list">
|
||
<a class="link-item
|
||
|
||
dialog-focus"
|
||
href="https://www.endotext.org/chapter/dysbetalipoproteinemia-type-iii-hyperlipoproteinemia/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=9170&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=39847660&db=pubmed"
|
||
title="See full text options at Endotext"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="Endotext"
|
||
data-ga-label="39847660"
|
||
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov-corehtml-pmc-pmcgifs-bookshelf-lo_endotext.png" alt="Endotext full text link"><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Endotext
|
||
|
||
</span></a><a class="link-item
|
||
book
|
||
"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK611310"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=3057&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=39847660&db=pubmed"
|
||
title="See full text options at NCBI Bookshelf"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="NCBI Bookshelf"
|
||
data-ga-label="39847660"
|
||
><img class="book-icon" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-endotext.png" alt="book cover photo"><div class="book-icon-label"><div class="book-icon-label-title">Endotext [Internet]</div></div><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
NCBI Bookshelf
|
||
|
||
</span></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="short-view">
|
||
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="cite"
|
||
data-ga-label="open"
|
||
data-all-citations-url="/39847660/citations/"
|
||
data-citation-style="nlm"
|
||
data-pubmed-format-link="/39847660/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="39847660" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_button"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F39847660%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
|
||
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
|
||
class="dialog collections-dialog"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="eSqVrHRVvZfTVSNI3bLfyRJr0pTRBxgBvFa04xkh5A2nPjTyGuoh2Zf5ytB3u8OV"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label><input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button><button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
|
||
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
|
||
ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="sidebar-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="social-sharing">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
Share
|
||
</h3>
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<h1 class="heading-title">
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Dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type 3 Hyperlipoproteinemia)
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data-ga-label="Christopher S Kovacs">Christopher S Kovacs</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University Research Professor and Professor of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Obstetrics & Gynecology, and BioMedical Sciences, at Memorial University of Newfoundland in St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada." href="#full-view-book-affiliation-17" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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31
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</a></sup></span>
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<span class="ending">, editors.</span>
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</div>
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<div class="book-citation">
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<div class="citation">In: Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000.</div>
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<div class="chapter-date"><span class="chapter-contribution-date" ><time class="chapter-contribution-date-value" datetime="2025-01-13"
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>2025 Jan 13</time></span><span class="chapter-date-punctuation">.</span></div>
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Affiliation
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<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1"
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|
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><sup class="key">1</sup> Professor, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
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<div class="affiliations">
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<h3 class="title">
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Book Affiliations
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<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-1"
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||
><sup class="key">1</sup> Professor of Medicine Emeritus, University of California, San Francisco, CA</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-2"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-2"
|
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><sup class="key">2</sup> Chief of Medicine at the University of Washington Medical Center and Professor and Vice Chair of the Department of Medicine, University of Washington</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-3"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-3"
|
||
><sup class="key">3</sup> Sr. Physician Scientist, Washington DC VA Medical Center; Professor of Medicine & Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University; Clinical Professor of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University; and Professor of Medicine (Part-time), Johns Hopkins University</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-4"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-4"
|
||
><sup class="key">4</sup> Pediatric Endocrinologist and Associate Research Physician in the Skeletal Diseases and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-5"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-5"
|
||
><sup class="key">5</sup> Professor of Pediatrics and Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-6"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-6"
|
||
><sup class="key">6</sup> M.D. Ph.D in Gerontology. Honorary Professor of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid. Consultant in Endocrinology, Hospital HLA Guadalajara (Spain).</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-7"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-7"
|
||
><sup class="key">7</sup> Professor of Endocrine Oncology, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-8"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-8"
|
||
><sup class="key">8</sup> Consultant in Diabetes, Endocrinology and General Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-9"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-9"
|
||
><sup class="key">9</sup> Professor of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Ohio State University</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-10"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-10"
|
||
><sup class="key">10</sup> Consultant Endocrinologist, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-11"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-11"
|
||
><sup class="key">11</sup> Consultant Endocrinologist, Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-12"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-12"
|
||
><sup class="key">12</sup> Professor of General Medicine-Endocrinology, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-13"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-13"
|
||
><sup class="key">13</sup> Professor of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Australia.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-14"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-14"
|
||
><sup class="key">14</sup> Professor, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-15"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-15"
|
||
><sup class="key">15</sup> Professor of Medicine and Chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University of Lausanne, Switzerland</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-16"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-16"
|
||
><sup class="key">16</sup> Professor of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Centre Lead for Endocrinology and Deputy Institute Director, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-17"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-17"
|
||
><sup class="key">17</sup> University Research Professor and Professor of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Obstetrics & Gynecology, and BioMedical Sciences, at Memorial University of Newfoundland in St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-18"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-18"
|
||
><sup class="key">18</sup> Director of the Division of Reproductive Endocrinology at Boston Medical Center and an Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Boston University School of Medicine</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-19"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-19"
|
||
><sup class="key">19</sup> Professor of Medicine, New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-20"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-20"
|
||
><sup class="key">20</sup> Consultant endocrinologist at University Hospitals of Leicester and Honorary Associate Professor at Leicester University</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-21"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-21"
|
||
><sup class="key">21</sup> Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Vermont and Director of the Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility. Burlington, Vermont</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-22"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-22"
|
||
><sup class="key">22</sup> Director of Clinical Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Consultant Endocrinologist, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-23"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-23"
|
||
><sup class="key">23</sup> Professor of Pediatrics, Professor of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Chief of the Adrenal Steroid Disorders Program, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-24"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-24"
|
||
><sup class="key">24</sup> Professor of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute and the Division of Endocrinology, and Associate Director, Bob and Charlee Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-25"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-25"
|
||
><sup class="key">25</sup> Professor and Head of Department of Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College and Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, India.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-26"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-26"
|
||
><sup class="key">26</sup> Professor of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati, OH, USA</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-27"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-27"
|
||
><sup class="key">27</sup> Director of the Endocrine/Bone Disease Program, Saint Johns Cancer Institute at Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA; Clinical Professor of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-28"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-28"
|
||
><sup class="key">28</sup> Professorial Lecturer, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Emeritus Professor and Chair, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-29"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-29"
|
||
><sup class="key">29</sup> CSO, ELPEN, Inc. & Director, Research Institute, Athens, Greece & Senior Investigator, Human Genetics & Precision Medicine, FORTH (ITE), Heraklion, Greece. Emeritus Scientific Director & Senior Investigator, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-30"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-30"
|
||
><sup class="key">30</sup> Professor of Medicine, Emeritus, University of Washington, Seattle, WA</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-book-affiliation-31"
|
||
id="full-view-book-affiliation-31"
|
||
><sup class="key">31</sup> Endowed Chair, Cardiovascular Health and Risk Prevention, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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</div>
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|
||
|
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|
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<div class="publication-type" >Review</div>
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<h1 class="heading-title">
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Dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type 3 Hyperlipoproteinemia)
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<div class="citation">In: Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000.</div>
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<div class="chapter-date"><span class="chapter-contribution-date" ><time class="chapter-contribution-date-value" datetime="2025-01-13"
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31
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Affiliation
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<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1"
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id="short-view-affiliation-1"
|
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><sup class="key">1</sup> Professor, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand</li>
|
||
|
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</ul>
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<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-1"
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><sup class="key">1</sup> Professor of Medicine Emeritus, University of California, San Francisco, CA</li>
|
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<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-2"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-2"
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><sup class="key">2</sup> Chief of Medicine at the University of Washington Medical Center and Professor and Vice Chair of the Department of Medicine, University of Washington</li>
|
||
|
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<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-3"
|
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id="short-view-book-affiliation-3"
|
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><sup class="key">3</sup> Sr. Physician Scientist, Washington DC VA Medical Center; Professor of Medicine & Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University; Clinical Professor of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University; and Professor of Medicine (Part-time), Johns Hopkins University</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-4"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-4"
|
||
><sup class="key">4</sup> Pediatric Endocrinologist and Associate Research Physician in the Skeletal Diseases and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-5"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-5"
|
||
><sup class="key">5</sup> Professor of Pediatrics and Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-6"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-6"
|
||
><sup class="key">6</sup> M.D. Ph.D in Gerontology. Honorary Professor of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid. Consultant in Endocrinology, Hospital HLA Guadalajara (Spain).</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-7"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-7"
|
||
><sup class="key">7</sup> Professor of Endocrine Oncology, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-8"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-8"
|
||
><sup class="key">8</sup> Consultant in Diabetes, Endocrinology and General Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-9"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-9"
|
||
><sup class="key">9</sup> Professor of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Ohio State University</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-10"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-10"
|
||
><sup class="key">10</sup> Consultant Endocrinologist, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-11"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-11"
|
||
><sup class="key">11</sup> Consultant Endocrinologist, Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-12"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-12"
|
||
><sup class="key">12</sup> Professor of General Medicine-Endocrinology, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-13"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-13"
|
||
><sup class="key">13</sup> Professor of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Australia.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-14"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-14"
|
||
><sup class="key">14</sup> Professor, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-15"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-15"
|
||
><sup class="key">15</sup> Professor of Medicine and Chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University of Lausanne, Switzerland</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-16"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-16"
|
||
><sup class="key">16</sup> Professor of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Centre Lead for Endocrinology and Deputy Institute Director, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-17"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-17"
|
||
><sup class="key">17</sup> University Research Professor and Professor of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Obstetrics & Gynecology, and BioMedical Sciences, at Memorial University of Newfoundland in St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-18"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-18"
|
||
><sup class="key">18</sup> Director of the Division of Reproductive Endocrinology at Boston Medical Center and an Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Boston University School of Medicine</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-19"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-19"
|
||
><sup class="key">19</sup> Professor of Medicine, New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-20"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-20"
|
||
><sup class="key">20</sup> Consultant endocrinologist at University Hospitals of Leicester and Honorary Associate Professor at Leicester University</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-21"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-21"
|
||
><sup class="key">21</sup> Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Vermont and Director of the Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility. Burlington, Vermont</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-22"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-22"
|
||
><sup class="key">22</sup> Director of Clinical Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Consultant Endocrinologist, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-23"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-23"
|
||
><sup class="key">23</sup> Professor of Pediatrics, Professor of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Chief of the Adrenal Steroid Disorders Program, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-24"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-24"
|
||
><sup class="key">24</sup> Professor of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute and the Division of Endocrinology, and Associate Director, Bob and Charlee Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-25"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-25"
|
||
><sup class="key">25</sup> Professor and Head of Department of Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College and Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, India.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-26"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-26"
|
||
><sup class="key">26</sup> Professor of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati, OH, USA</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-27"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-27"
|
||
><sup class="key">27</sup> Director of the Endocrine/Bone Disease Program, Saint Johns Cancer Institute at Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA; Clinical Professor of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-28"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-28"
|
||
><sup class="key">28</sup> Professorial Lecturer, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Emeritus Professor and Chair, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-29"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-29"
|
||
><sup class="key">29</sup> CSO, ELPEN, Inc. & Director, Research Institute, Athens, Greece & Senior Investigator, Human Genetics & Precision Medicine, FORTH (ITE), Heraklion, Greece. Emeritus Scientific Director & Senior Investigator, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-30"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-30"
|
||
><sup class="key">30</sup> Professor of Medicine, Emeritus, University of Washington, Seattle, WA</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-book-affiliation-31"
|
||
id="short-view-book-affiliation-31"
|
||
><sup class="key">31</sup> Endowed Chair, Cardiovascular Health and Risk Prevention, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
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|
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<strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">39847660</strong>
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<p>
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Dysbetalipoproteinemia is an underrecognized and underdiagnosed genetic lipid disorder characterized by pathogenic variants in the <i>APOE</i> gene, which encodes apolipoprotein (apo) E. It leads to the abnormal accumulation of triglyceride-rich remnant lipoproteins, elevated levels of both cholesterol and triglycerides, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Typically, patients with autosomal recessive form of dysbetalipoproteinemia are homozygous for the ε2 allele, which is associated with decreased binding of apo E to the LDL receptor and/or heparan sulfate proteoglycans, resulting in impaired remnant clearance. However, only a minority of apo ε2 homozygotes become hyperlipidemic, often due to metabolic conditions that either increase lipoprotein production or decrease remnant clearance. Rarer variants in the <i>APOE</i> gene are linked to autosomal dominant dysbetalipoproteinemia. Palmar xanthoma is considered a characteristic feature of dysbetalipoproteinemia, although it is observed in fewer than half of affected individuals. Both total cholesterol and triglyceride levels are typically elevated and may be of similar magnitude. A low apo B level relative to a high total cholesterol level or a discrepancy between calculated LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and direct LDL-C levels can raise suspicion of this condition. There is no simple diagnostic test for dysbetalipoproteinemia, and diagnosis traditionally requires the detection of β-VLDL (remnant lipoproteins) and pathogenic variants in the <i>APOE</i> gene, both of which are not routinely available in clinical laboratories. Several algorithms using various lipid and apo B parameters have been proposed for screening and selecting candidates for genetic testing. Recent data suggest that the phenotype of dysbetalipoproteinemia is heterogeneous. The term multifactorial remnant cholesterol disease has been proposed to describe a milder form of dysbetalipoproteinemia in individuals without the apo ε2/ε2 genotype, differentiating them from the more severe form associated with apo ε2/ε2 genotype. Patients with dysbetalipoproteinemia are at an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial disease. However, they generally respond well to lifestyle modifications and conventional lipid-lowering therapies, including statins and fibrates. For complete coverage of all related areas of Endocrinology, please visit our on-line FREE web-text, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.endotext.org/">WWW.ENDOTEXT.ORG</ext-link>.
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ABSTRACT
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
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GENETICS
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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CLINICAL FEATURES
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DIAGNOSIS
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TREATMENT
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CONCLUSION
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REFERENCES
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McGinley J, Jones H, Gofman J. Lipoproteins and xanthomatous diseases. J Invest Dermatol. 1952;19(1):71-82.
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Fredrickson DS, Levy RI, Lindgren FT. A comparison of heritable abnormal lipoprotein patterns as defined by two different techniques. J Clin Invest. 1968;47(11):2446-2457.
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Fredrickson DS, Levy RI, Lees RS. Fat transport in lipoproteins--an integrated approach to mechanisms and disorders. N Engl J Med. 1967;276(4):215-225.
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Kane JP, Chen GC, Hamilton RL, Hardman DA, Malloy MJ, Havel RJ. Remnants of lipoproteins of intestinal and hepatic origin in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia. Arteriosclerosis. 1983;3(1):47-56.
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