nih-gov/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/docs/getting_started_bigquery/index.html

667 lines
No EOL
35 KiB
HTML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" >
<head >
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<!-- Mobile properties -->
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True">
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<!-- Stylesheets -->
<link href="/pathogens/static/django_uswds/uswds/css/uswds.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/pathogens/static/nwds/css/nwds.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/pathogens/static/nwds/css/header.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/pathogens/static/nwds/css/footer.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/pathogens/static/nwds/css/form.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"/>
<title>
Getting started with BigQuery -
Pathogen Detection - NCBI
</title>
<!-- extra head -->
<!-- Favicons -->
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon.ico" />
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon.png" />
<!-- 192x192, as recommended for Android
http://updates.html5rocks.com/2014/11/Support-for-theme-color-in-Chrome-39-for-Android
-->
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-192.png" />
<!-- 57x57 (precomposed) for iPhone 3GS, pre-2011 iPod Touch and older Android devices -->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png">
<!-- 72x72 (precomposed) for 1st generation iPad, iPad 2 and iPad mini -->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-72.png">
<!-- 114x114 (precomposed) for iPhone 4, 4S, 5 and post-2011 iPod Touch -->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-114.png">
<!-- 144x144 (precomposed) for iPad 3rd and 4th generation -->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-144.png">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/pathogens/static/main/styles/app.css" type="text/css" media="screen">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/pathogens/static/main/styles/breadcrumbs.css" type="text/css" media="screen">
<style type="text/css">
a { text-decoration: underline }
</style>
<!-- Logging params: Pinger defaults -->
<meta name="ncbi_app" content="labs_pathogens" />
<meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="static" />
<meta name="ncbi_phid" content="322C300D9B303815000060937E9F8648.1.m_9" />
<!-- /extra head -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/pathogens/static/main/styles/page-search.css" type="text/css">
</head>
<body >
<a class="usa-skipnav" href="#main_content">Skip to main page content</a>
<!-- ========== BEGIN HEADER ========== -->
<section class="usa-banner">
<div class="usa-accordion">
<header class="usa-banner-header">
<div class="usa-grid usa-banner-inner">
<img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png" alt="U.S. flag" />
<p>An official website of the United States government</p>
<button
class="usa-accordion-button usa-banner-button"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="gov-banner-top"
>
<span class="usa-banner-button-text">Here's how you know</span>
</button>
</div>
</header>
<div
class="usa-banner-content usa-grid usa-accordion-content"
id="gov-banner-top"
>
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half">
<img
class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img"
src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg"
alt="Dot gov"
/>
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
<p>
<strong>The .gov means its official.</strong>
<br />
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before
sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal
government site.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half">
<img
class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img"
src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg"
alt="Https"
/>
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
<p>
<strong>The site is secure.</strong>
<br />
The <strong>https://</strong> ensures that you are connecting to the
official website and that any information you provide is encrypted
and transmitted securely.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<div class="usa-overlay"></div>
<header class="ncbi-header" role="banner" data-section="Header">
<div class="usa-grid">
<div class="usa-width-one-whole">
<div class="ncbi-header__logo">
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" class="logo" aria-label="NCBI Logo" data-ga-action="click_image" data-ga-label="NIH NLM Logo">
<img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg" alt="NIH NLM Logo" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="ncbi-header__account">
<a id="account_login" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-button header-button" style="display:none" data-ga-action="open_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu">Log in</a>
<button id="account_info" class="header-button" style="display:none"
aria-controls="account_popup">
<span class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="username desktop-only" aria-hidden="true" id="uname_short"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Show account info</span>
</button>
</div>
<div class="ncbi-popup-anchor">
<div class="ncbi-popup account-popup" id="account_popup" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="ncbi-popup-head">
<button class="ncbi-close-button" data-ga-action="close_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu"><span class="fa fa-times"></span><span class="usa-sr-only">Close</span></button>
<h4>Account</h4>
</div>
<div class="account-user-info">
Logged in as:<br/>
<b><span class="username" id="uname_long">username</span></b>
</div>
<div class="account-links">
<ul class="usa-unstyled-list">
<li><a id="account_myncbi" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_myncbi">Dashboard</a></li>
<li><a id="account_pubs" href="/myncbi/collections/bibliography/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_pubs">Publications</a></li>
<li><a id="account_settings" href="/account/settings/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_settings">Account settings</a></li>
<li><a id="account_logout" href="/account/signout/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_logout">Log out</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div role="navigation" aria-label="access keys">
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_0" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="0" tabindex="-1">Access keys</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_1" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="1" tabindex="-1">NCBI Homepage</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_2" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url usa-sr-only" accesskey="2" tabindex="-1">MyNCBI Homepage</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_3" href="#maincontent" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="3" tabindex="-1">Main Content</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_4" href="#" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="4" tabindex="-1">Main Navigation</a>
</div>
<section data-section="Alerts">
<div class="ncbi-alerts-placeholder"></div>
</section>
<!-- ========== END HEADER ========== -->
<main id="main_content" accesskey="3">
<section class="pathogens-content-page usa-grid">
<div class="usa-width-one-whole ptg-top">
<div><ul id="breadcrumbs" class="usa-unstyled-list breadcrumbs">
<li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/health.shtml">Health</a></li>
<li><a href=/pathogens/>Pathogen Detection</a></li>
<li><a href="/pathogens/pathogens_help/">Help</a></li>
<li><a href="/pathogens/docs/gcp/">GCP</a></li>
<li>Getting started with BigQuery</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="ptg-search">
<input placeholder="Search page" type="search"/><button title="Previous" disabled="disabled"></button><button title="Next" disabled="disabled"></button>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p><a name="TOC"> </a></p>
<h1 id="getting-started-with-bigquery">Getting started with BigQuery</h1>
<div class="toc">
<ul>
<li><a href="#pathogen-detection-resources-at-">Pathogen Detection Resources at Google Cloud Platform</a></li>
<li><a href="#set-up-account">Set up account</a></li>
<li><a href="#payment">Payment</a></li>
<li><a href="#access-methods">Access methods</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-the-sql-workspace">Using the SQL Workspace</a><ul>
<li><a href="#add-ncbipathogendetect-to-the-da">Add ncbi-pathogen-detect to the Data Explorer</a></li>
<li><a href="#search-in-bigquery">Search in BigQuery</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#commandline">Using the bq command-line tool</a></li>
<li><a href="#exporting-large-tables">Exporting large tables</a></li>
<li><a href="#what-pathogen-detection-pipeline">What Pathogen Detection Pipeline data is available at BigQuery?</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="pathogen-detection-resources-at-">Pathogen Detection Resources at Google Cloud Platform</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="/pathogens/docs/gcp/">Pathogen Detection Resources at Google Cloud Platform</a></li>
<li><a href="/pathogens/docs/microbigge_gcp">MicroBIGG-E table in BigQuery</a></li>
<li><a href="/pathogens/docs/microbigge_gcp#contig-sequences">MicroBIGG-E contig sequences in Google Storage buckets</a></li>
<li><a href="/pathogens/docs/microbigge_gcp#protein-sequences">MicroBIGG-E protein sequences in Google Storage buckets</a></li>
<li><a href="/pathogens/docs/isolates_gcp">Isolates Browser table in BigQuery</a></li>
<li><a href="/pathogens/docs/isolates_gcp#isolate_exceptions">Isolate Exceptions table in BigQuery</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="set-up-account">Set up account <a href="#TOC"><img alt="MicroBIGG-E at Google Cloud Platform TOC" src="/core/assets/pathogens/images/toc_icon.png"/></a> <a href="/pathogens/pathogens_help/"><img alt="Main documentation page" src="/core/assets/pathogens/images/arrowup_blue.gif"/></a></h3>
<p>To access BigQuery, you will need to set up a Google cloud account:
<a href="https://cloud.google.com/">https://cloud.google.com/</a></p>
<p>Once you have set up the account, you will need to create your project:
<a href="https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/creating-managing-projects">https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/creating-managing-projects</a></p>
<h3 id="payment">Payment <a href="#TOC"><img alt="MicroBIGG-E at Google Cloud Platform TOC" src="/core/assets/pathogens/images/toc_icon.png"/></a> <a href="/pathogens/pathogens_help/"><img alt="Main documentation page" src="/core/assets/pathogens/images/arrowup_blue.gif"/></a></h3>
<p>The user pays for running queries against public data sets and you should review the payment requirements for on-demand queries from Google BigQuery. Google BigQuery provides 1TB per month free for querying data. </p>
<h3 id="access-methods">Access methods <a href="#TOC"><img alt="MicroBIGG-E at Google Cloud Platform TOC" src="/core/assets/pathogens/images/toc_icon.png"/></a> <a href="/pathogens/pathogens_help/"><img alt="Main documentation page" src="/core/assets/pathogens/images/arrowup_blue.gif"/></a></h3>
<p>We recommend starting with the <a href="https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/bigquery-web-ui">BigQuery SQL Workspace</a> to become familiar with with BigQuery SQL and writing queries before attempting to use the command line tools or client libraries. </p>
<p>BigQuery can be accessed through a web browser query editor:<br/>
<a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/bigquery">https://console.cloud.google.com/bigquery</a></p>
<p>BigQuery client library documentation is also available for reference if you
plan to access it through the supported programming languages:<br/>
<a href="https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/libraries">https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/libraries</a></p>
<p>BigQuery command line tools can be downloaded and set up from here <br/>
<a href="https://cloud.google.com/sdk/docs/quickstarts">https://cloud.google.com/sdk/docs/quickstarts</a><br/>
(see <a href="#commandline">Using the <code>bq</code> command-line tool</a> below for more)</p>
<h2 id="using-the-sql-workspace">Using the SQL Workspace <a href="#TOC"><img alt="MicroBIGG-E at Google Cloud Platform TOC" src="/core/assets/pathogens/images/toc_icon.png"/></a> <a href="/pathogens/pathogens_help/"><img alt="Main documentation page" src="/core/assets/pathogens/images/arrowup_blue.gif"/></a></h2>
<p>We recommend starting with the <a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/bigquery">BigQuery SQL Workspace</a> to become familiar with BigQuery SQL and the pathogen resources. </p>
<p><img alt="Find BigQuery workspace" src="/core/assets/pathogens/images/bigquery_bigquery.png" title="Search for BigQuery"/>
Click the search bar and enter <strong>BigQuery</strong> as the search term and click on the BigQuery search result.</p>
<h3 id="add-ncbipathogendetect-to-the-da">Add <code>ncbi-pathogen-detect</code> to the Data Explorer <a href="#TOC"><img alt="MicroBIGG-E at Google Cloud Platform TOC" src="/core/assets/pathogens/images/toc_icon.png"/></a> <a href="/pathogens/pathogens_help/"><img alt="Main documentation page" src="/core/assets/pathogens/images/arrowup_blue.gif"/></a></h3>
<p>Adding the project <code>ncbi-pathogen-detect</code> to the Data Explorer makes it much
more convenient to get started with the dataset. Click the <strong>ADD DATA</strong> button
on the left side of the screen, in the Explorer panel.
Next, select <strong>Star a project by name</strong> and paste <strong>ncbi-pathogen-detect</strong> into the Pin a project box and click <strong>STAR</strong>.</p>
<p><img alt="Click Add Data to add ncbi-pathogen-detect to the data explorer" src="/core/assets/pathogens/images/bigquery_data_explorer.png" title="Click ADD DATA"/><br/></p>
<p><img style="border:1px solid #000000" src="/core/assets/pathogens/images/add_data.png" border="1"/><br/></p>
<!-- Click Star a project by name](/~/images/add_data.png "Click Star a project by name")<br/> -->
<p><img alt="Type in ncbi-pathogen-detect" src="/core/assets/pathogens/images/star_a_project.png" title="Put ncbi-pathogen-detect into the dialog box and click STAR"/><br/></p>
<p>You can get to a view of the structure of a table by clicking on the tables in the Data Explorer, for example <code>ncbi-pathogen-detect.pdbrowser.microbigge</code>.
<img alt="Use the Data Explorer to get information about the BigQuery table" src="/core/assets/pathogens/images/bigquery_view_details.png" title="Click triangles to expand and select microbigge table"/><br/>
Click the Triangles (<span style="color:red">1</span>) to expand and show the collection. Click the microbigge table (<span style="color:red">2</span>) to view information about that table.</p>
<p>Within the table information panel you can click <strong>SCHEMA</strong> to list the fields and <strong>PREVIEW</strong> to show some sample data from the table. </p>
<h3 id="search-in-bigquery">Search in BigQuery <a href="#TOC"><img alt="MicroBIGG-E at Google Cloud Platform TOC" src="/core/assets/pathogens/images/toc_icon.png"/></a> <a href="/pathogens/pathogens_help/"><img alt="Main documentation page" src="/core/assets/pathogens/images/arrowup_blue.gif"/></a></h3>
<p>To search the table click <strong>QUERY</strong> or the <strong>+</strong> symbol to open a new query editor tab and enter the query in the text box. </p>
<p><img alt="Example Query to get all data: select * from ncbi-pathogen-detect.pdbrowser.microbigge" src="/core/assets/pathogens/images/bigquery_example_query1.png" title="Sample query"/><br/>
<strong>The area outlined in red shows how much data will be searched with your SQL query so that you can estimate the cost of running that query.</strong></p>
<p>Click the <strong>RUN</strong> button to execute the query. Note that there may be a small charge associated with running the query. See above and Google's <a href="https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/pricing">BigQuery pricing page</a> for more information.</p>
<h2 id="commandline">Using the <code>bq</code> command-line tool</h2>
<ol>
<li>Create your account and project through the Google web interface (see above). </li>
<li>Download install the Cloud SDK from <a href="https://cloud.google.com/sdk/docs/install-sdk">https://cloud.google.com/sdk/docs/install-sdk</a>.</li>
<li>Sign into your account by entering the command below and following the instructions.
gcloud auth login --no-launch-browser</li>
<li>
<p>Once you're logged into your account, you should set your project ID. Where <code>&lt;PROJECT_ID&gt;</code> is the ID that was set when you created your project (this is different from your project name).</p>
<p><code>gcloud config set project &lt;PROJECT_ID&gt;</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>You should now be able to execute the following query to get the most common AMR genes:</p>
<p><code>bq query --nouse_legacy_sql --format=csv 'SELECT element_symbol, count(*) num_found FROM `ncbi-pathogen-detect.pdbrowser.microbigge` WHERE scope="core" GROUP BY element_symbol ORDER BY num_found DESC LIMIT 5'</code></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="exporting-large-tables">Exporting large tables</h2>
<p>Many people want to download the table data in bulk from our resources. See
<a href="https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/exporting-data">Google's Export table data
documentation</a> for
details. As an example of one way, you can use a query like the following to
export all MicroBIGG-E data to a google cloud storage bucket:</p>
<pre><code>EXPORT DATA
OPTIONS (
uri = 'gs://&lt;storage-bucket&gt;/microbigge/*.tsv.gz',
format = 'CSV',
overwrite = true,
header = true,
field_delimiter = '\t',
compression = 'GZIP')
AS (
SELECT *
FROM `ncbi-pathogen-detect.pdbrowser.microbigge`
ORDER BY scientific_name, target_acc, contig_acc, start_on_contig
);
</code></pre>
<p>The above query will export all data from the
<code>ncbi-pathogen-detect.pdbrowser.microbigge</code> table to the storage bucket (named
&lt;storage-bucket&gt; above) in a series of gzipped tab-delimited files which you
can then download to your computer using
<a href="https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/gsutil"><code>gsutil</code></a> or other <a href="https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs">cloud
storage</a> access methods.</p>
<h2 id="what-pathogen-detection-pipeline">What Pathogen Detection Pipeline data is available at BigQuery?</h2>
<p>NCBI Pathogen Detection has four tables available in GCP BigQuery:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>ncbi-pathogen-detect.pdbrowser.isolates</code> contains information and analysis results on isolate sequences in the NCBI Pathogen Detection Pipeline.<ul>
<li>See <a href="/pathogens/docs/isolates_gcp">Isolates Browser data at GCP</a> for details</li>
<li>The web interface is at <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates</a></li>
<li><a href="/pathogens/pathogens_help/#isolates-browser">Isolates Browser Documentation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><code>ncbi-pathogen-detect.pdbrowser.isolate_exceptions</code> contains information on isolate sequences or assemblies that failed Quality Control (QC) checks in the pipeline.<ul>
<li>See <a href="/pathogens/docs/isolates_gcp">Isolates Browser data at GCP</a> for details</li>
<li>The web interface is at <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates</a></li>
<li><a href="/pathogens/pathogens_help/#isolates-browser-exceptions-table">Exceptions table documentation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><code>ncbi-pathogen-detect.pdbrowser.microbigge</code> - The Microbial Browser for the
Identification of Genetic and Genomic Elements (MicroBIGG-E) contains the results of running <a href="/pathogens/antimicrobial-resistance/AMRFinder/">AMRFinderPlus</a> on assemblies in the <a href="/pathogens/isolates">Isolates Browser</a>.<ul>
<li>See <a href="/pathogens/docs/microbigge_gcp">MicroBIGG-E at GCP</a> for details </li>
<li>The web interface is at <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/microbigge">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/microbigge</a></li>
<li><a href="/pathogens/pathogens_help/#microbigge">MicroBIGG-E Documentation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><code>ncbi-pathogen-detect.pdbrowser.bioproject_hierarchy</code> - Bioprojects and their parent umbrella bioprojects for all isolates in the Pathogen Detection System<ul>
<li>See <a href="/pathogens/docs/bioproject_hierarchy_gcp/">BioProject Hierarchy documentation</a> for details</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
</main>
<!-- ========== BEGIN FOOTER ========== -->
<footer>
<section class="icon-section">
<div id="icon-section-header" class="icon-section_header">Follow NCBI</div>
<div class="grid-container container">
<div class="icon-section_container">
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ncbi" aria-label="Twitter">
<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 37" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<title>Twitter</title>
<g id="twitterx1008">
<path id="path1008"
d="M6.06736 7L16.8778 20.8991L6.00001 32.2H10.2L18.6 23.1L25.668 32.2H34L22.8 17.5L31.9 7H28.4L20.7 15.4L14.401 7H6.06898H6.06736ZM9.66753 8.73423H12.9327L29.7327 30.4658H26.5697L9.66753 8.73423Z"
fill="#5B616B"/>
</g>
</svg>
</a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm" aria-label="Facebook"><svg
data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<title>Facebook</title>
<path class="cls-11"
d="M210.5,115.12H171.74V97.82c0-8.14,5.39-10,9.19-10h27.14V52l-39.32-.12c-35.66,0-42.42,26.68-42.42,43.77v19.48H99.09v36.32h27.24v109h45.41v-109h35Z">
</path>
</svg></a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_linkedin"
href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm"
aria-label="LinkedIn"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<title>LinkedIn</title>
<path class="cls-11"
d="M101.64,243.37H57.79v-114h43.85Zm-22-131.54h-.26c-13.25,0-21.82-10.36-21.82-21.76,0-11.65,8.84-21.15,22.33-21.15S101.7,78.72,102,90.38C102,101.77,93.4,111.83,79.63,111.83Zm100.93,52.61A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,163,182v61.39H119.18s.51-105.23,0-114H163v13a54.33,54.33,0,0,1,34.54-12.66c26,0,44.39,18.8,44.39,55.29v58.35H198.1V182A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,180.56,164.44Z">
</path>
</svg></a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_github" href="https://github.com/ncbi" aria-label="GitHub"><svg
data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<defs>
<style>
.cls-11,
.cls-12 {
fill: #737373;
}
.cls-11 {
fill-rule: evenodd;
}
</style>
</defs>
<title>GitHub</title>
<path class="cls-11"
d="M151.36,47.28a105.76,105.76,0,0,0-33.43,206.1c5.28,1,7.22-2.3,7.22-5.09,0-2.52-.09-10.85-.14-19.69-29.42,6.4-35.63-12.48-35.63-12.48-4.81-12.22-11.74-15.47-11.74-15.47-9.59-6.56.73-6.43.73-6.43,10.61.75,16.21,10.9,16.21,10.9,9.43,16.17,24.73,11.49,30.77,8.79,1-6.83,3.69-11.5,6.71-14.14C108.57,197.1,83.88,188,83.88,147.51a40.92,40.92,0,0,1,10.9-28.39c-1.1-2.66-4.72-13.42,1-28,0,0,8.88-2.84,29.09,10.84a100.26,100.26,0,0,1,53,0C198,88.3,206.9,91.14,206.9,91.14c5.76,14.56,2.14,25.32,1,28a40.87,40.87,0,0,1,10.89,28.39c0,40.62-24.74,49.56-48.29,52.18,3.79,3.28,7.17,9.71,7.17,19.58,0,14.15-.12,25.54-.12,29,0,2.82,1.9,6.11,7.26,5.07A105.76,105.76,0,0,0,151.36,47.28Z">
</path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M85.66,199.12c-.23.52-1.06.68-1.81.32s-1.2-1.06-.95-1.59,1.06-.69,1.82-.33,1.21,1.07.94,1.6Zm-1.3-1">
</path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M90,203.89c-.51.47-1.49.25-2.16-.49a1.61,1.61,0,0,1-.31-2.19c.52-.47,1.47-.25,2.17.49s.82,1.72.3,2.19Zm-1-1.08">
</path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M94.12,210c-.65.46-1.71,0-2.37-.91s-.64-2.07,0-2.52,1.7,0,2.36.89.65,2.08,0,2.54Zm0,0"></path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M99.83,215.87c-.58.64-1.82.47-2.72-.41s-1.18-2.06-.6-2.7,1.83-.46,2.74.41,1.2,2.07.58,2.7Zm0,0">
</path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M107.71,219.29c-.26.82-1.45,1.2-2.64.85s-2-1.34-1.74-2.17,1.44-1.23,2.65-.85,2,1.32,1.73,2.17Zm0,0">
</path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M116.36,219.92c0,.87-1,1.59-2.24,1.61s-2.29-.68-2.3-1.54,1-1.59,2.26-1.61,2.28.67,2.28,1.54Zm0,0">
</path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M124.42,218.55c.15.85-.73,1.72-2,1.95s-2.37-.3-2.52-1.14.73-1.75,2-2,2.37.29,2.53,1.16Zm0,0"></path>
</svg></a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_blog" href="https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" aria-label="Blog">
<svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#737373;}</style></defs><path class="cls-1" d="M14,30a4,4,0,1,1-4-4,4,4,0,0,1,4,4Zm11,3A19,19,0,0,0,7.05,15a1,1,0,0,0-1,1v3a1,1,0,0,0,.93,1A14,14,0,0,1,20,33.07,1,1,0,0,0,21,34h3a1,1,0,0,0,1-1Zm9,0A28,28,0,0,0,7,6,1,1,0,0,0,6,7v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1A23,23,0,0,1,29,33a1,1,0,0,0,1,1h3A1,1,0,0,0,34,33Z"/></svg>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="container-fluid bg-primary">
<div class="container pt-5">
<div class="row mt-3">
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12">
<p><a class="text-white" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html">Connect with NLM</a></p>
<ul class="list-inline social_media">
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH" aria-label="Twitter"
target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
<svg width="35" height="35" viewBox="0 0 38 35" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<title>Twitter</title>
<g id="twitterx1009" clip-path="url(#clip0_65276_3946)">
<path id="Vector" d="M17.5006 34.6565C26.9761 34.6565 34.6575 26.9751 34.6575 17.4996C34.6575 8.02416 26.9761 0.342773 17.5006 0.342773C8.02514 0.342773 0.34375 8.02416 0.34375 17.4996C0.34375 26.9751 8.02514 34.6565 17.5006 34.6565Z" fill="#205493" stroke="white" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-miterlimit="10"></path>
<path id="path1009" d="M8.54811 8.5L16.2698 18.4279L8.50001 26.5H11.5L17.5 20L22.5486 26.5H28.5L20.5 16L27 8.5H24.5L19 14.5L14.5007 8.5H8.54927H8.54811ZM11.1197 9.73873H13.4519L25.4519 25.2613H23.1926L11.1197 9.73873Z" fill="white"></path>
</g>
<defs>
<clipPath id="clip0_65276_3946">
<rect width="38" height="38" fill="white"></rect>
</clipPath>
</defs>
</svg></a>
</li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine"
aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">
<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px"
y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve">
<style type="text/css">
.st10 {
fill: #FFFFFF;
}
.st110 {
fill: none;
stroke: #FFFFFF;
stroke-width: 8;
stroke-miterlimit: 10;
}
</style>
<title>SM-Facebook</title>
<g>
<g>
<path class="st10" d="M159,99.1h-24V88.4c0-5,3.3-6.2,5.7-6.2h16.8V60l-24.4-0.1c-22.1,0-26.2,16.5-26.2,27.1v12.1H90v22.5h16.9
v67.5H135v-67.5h21.7L159,99.1z"></path>
</g>
</g>
<circle class="st110" cx="123.6" cy="123.2" r="108.2"></circle>
</svg>
</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH" aria-label="Youtube"
target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249"
style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve">
<title>SM-Youtube</title>
<style type="text/css">
.st4 {
fill: none;
stroke: #FFFFFF;
stroke-width: 8;
stroke-miterlimit: 10;
}
.st5 {
fill: #FFFFFF;
}
</style>
<circle class="st4" cx="124.2" cy="123.4" r="108.2"></circle>
<g transform="translate(0,-952.36218)">
<path class="st5"
d="M88.4,1037.4c-10.4,0-18.7,8.3-18.7,18.7v40.1c0,10.4,8.3,18.7,18.7,18.7h72.1c10.4,0,18.7-8.3,18.7-18.7
v-40.1c0-10.4-8.3-18.7-18.7-18.7H88.4z M115.2,1058.8l29.4,17.4l-29.4,17.4V1058.8z"></path>
</g>
</svg></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12">
<p class="address_footer text-white">National Library of Medicine<br>
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323"
class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8600 Rockville Pike<br>
Bethesda, MD 20894</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
<p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br>
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office"
class="text-white">FOIA</a><br>
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white" id="vdp">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br>
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br>
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white">Careers</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-12 centered-lg">
<nav class="bottom-links">
<ul class="mt-3">
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white"
href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a>
</li>
<li>
<a
class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</footer>
<!-- ========== END FOOTER ========== -->
<!-- javascript to inject NWDS meta tags. Note: value of nwds_version is updated by "npm version" command -->
<script type="text/javascript">
var nwds_version = "1.2.3";
var meta_nwds_ver = document.createElement('meta');
meta_nwds_ver.name = 'ncbi_nwds_ver';
meta_nwds_ver.content = nwds_version;
document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(meta_nwds_ver);
var meta_nwds = document.createElement('meta');
meta_nwds.name = 'ncbi_nwds';
meta_nwds.content = 'yes';
document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(meta_nwds);
var alertsUrl = "/core/alerts/alerts.js";
if (typeof ncbiBaseUrl !== 'undefined') {
alertsUrl = ncbiBaseUrl + alertsUrl;
}
</script>
<!-- JavaScript -->
<script src="/pathogens/static/django_uswds/uswds/js/uswds.js"></script>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.0.min.js"
integrity="sha256-xNzN2a4ltkB44Mc/Jz3pT4iU1cmeR0FkXs4pru/JxaQ="
crossorigin="anonymous">
</script>
<script>
var fallbackJquery = "/pathogens/static/base/js/jquery-3.5.0.min.js";
window.jQuery || document.write("<script src=" + fallbackJquery + ">\x3C/script>")
</script>
<script src="/pathogens/static/nwds/js/nwds.js" type="text/javascript"> </script>
<script src="/pathogens/static/nwds/js/header.js" type="text/javascript"> </script>
<script src="/pathogens/static/nwds/js/ncbipopup.js" type="text/javascript"> </script>
<script src="/pathogens/static/nwds/js/ncbiclearbutton.js" type="text/javascript"> </script>
<script src="/pathogens/static/nwds/js/override-uswds.js" type="text/javascript"> </script>
<script src="/pathogens/static/nwds/js/ncbifeedback.js" type="text/javascript"> </script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/pinger/pinger.js"> </script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/pathogens/static/main/scripts/page-search.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
</body>
</html>