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<title>
Entry
- #614959 - DEVELOPMENTAL AND EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY 14; DEE14
- OMIM
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<span class="h4">#614959</span>
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<strong>Table of Contents</strong>
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<a href="#title"><strong>Title</strong></a>
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<a href="#phenotypeMap"><strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong></a>
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<a href="/clinicalSynopsis/614959"><strong>Clinical Synopsis</strong></a>
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<a href="/phenotypicSeries/PS308350"> <strong>Phenotypic Series</strong> </a>
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<a href="#text"><strong>Text</strong></a>
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<a href="#description">Description</a>
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<a href="#clinicalFeatures">Clinical Features</a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
<a href="#diagnosis">Diagnosis</a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
<a href="#inheritance">Inheritance</a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
<a href="#molecularGenetics">Molecular Genetics</a>
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<a href="#references"><strong>References</strong></a>
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<a href="#contributors"><strong>Contributors</strong></a>
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<a href="#creationDate"><strong>Creation Date</strong></a>
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<div><a href="https://wormbase.org/resources/disease/DOID:0080439" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Database of the biology and genome of Caenorhabditis elegans and related nematodes." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Wormbase Disease Ontology', 'domain': 'wormbase.org'})">Wormbase Disease Ontology</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<span>
<span class="mim-tip-bottom" qtip_title="<strong>Looking for this gene or this phenotype in other resources?</strong>" qtip_text="Select a related resource from the dropdown menu and click for a targeted link to information directly relevant.">
&nbsp;
</span>
</span>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-pull-2 col-md-8 col-md-pull-2 col-sm-8 col-sm-pull-2 col-xs-12">
<div>
<a id="title" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div>
<a id="number" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="text-right">
<a href="#" class="mim-tip-icd" qtip_title="<strong>ICD+</strong>" qtip_text="
<strong>ORPHA:</strong> 293181<br />
<strong>DO:</strong> 0080439<br />
">ICD+</a>
</div>
<div>
<span class="h3">
<span class="mim-font mim-tip-hint" title="Phenotype description, molecular basis known">
<span class="text-danger"><strong>#</strong></span>
614959
</span>
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<a id="preferredTitle" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<h3>
<span class="mim-font">
DEVELOPMENTAL AND EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY 14; DEE14
</span>
</h3>
</div>
<div>
<br />
</div>
<div>
<a id="alternativeTitles" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div>
<p>
<span class="mim-font">
<em>Alternative titles; symbols</em>
</span>
</p>
</div>
<div>
<h4>
<span class="mim-font">
EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, EARLY INFANTILE, 14; EIEE14
</span>
</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<br />
</div>
</div>
<div>
<a id="phenotypeMap" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<h4>
<span class="mim-font">
<strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong>
</span>
</h4>
<div>
<table class="table table-bordered table-condensed table-hover small mim-table-padding">
<thead>
<tr class="active">
<th>
Location
</th>
<th>
Phenotype
</th>
<th>
Phenotype <br /> MIM number
</th>
<th>
Inheritance
</th>
<th>
Phenotype <br /> mapping key
</th>
<th>
Gene/Locus
</th>
<th>
Gene/Locus <br /> MIM number
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/9/642?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=642">
9q34.3
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 14
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614959"> 614959 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
KCNT1
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608167"> 608167 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="btn-group ">
<a href="/clinicalSynopsis/614959" class="btn btn-warning" role="button"> Clinical Synopsis </a>
<button type="button" id="mimPhenotypicSeriesToggle" class="btn btn-warning dropdown-toggle mimSingletonFoldToggle" data-toggle="collapse" href="#mimClinicalSynopsisFold" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Unfurl', 'ClinicalSynopsis', 'omim.org')">
<span class="caret"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span>
</button>
</div>
&nbsp;
<div class="btn-group">
<a href="/phenotypicSeries/PS308350" class="btn btn-info" role="button"> Phenotypic Series </a>
<button type="button" id="mimPhenotypicSeriesToggle" class="btn btn-info dropdown-toggle mimSingletonFoldToggle" data-toggle="collapse" href="#mimPhenotypicSeriesFold" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Unfurl', 'PhenotypicSeries', 'omim.org')">
<span class="caret"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span>
</button>
</div>
&nbsp;
<div class="btn-group">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
PheneGene Graphics <span class="caret"></span>
</button>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" style="width: 17em;">
<li><a href="/graph/linear/614959" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_graph', {'destination': 'Linear'})"> Linear </a></li>
<li><a href="/graph/radial/614959" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_graph', {'destination': 'Radial'})"> Radial </a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign mim-tip-hint" title="OMIM PheneGene graphics depict relationships between phenotypes, groups of related phenotypes (Phenotypic Series), and genes.<br /><a href='/static/omim/pdf/OMIM_Graphics.pdf' target='_blank'>A quick reference overview and guide (PDF)</a>"></span>
<div>
<p />
</div>
<div id="mimClinicalSynopsisFold" class="well well-sm collapse mimSingletonToggleFold">
<div class="small" style="margin: 5px">
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> INHERITANCE </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<span class="mim-font">
- Autosomal dominant <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/263681008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">263681008</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/771269000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">771269000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0443147&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0443147</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1867440&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1867440</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000006</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000006</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> HEAD & NECK </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Head </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Microcephaly <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/1148757008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">1148757008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q02" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q02</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/742.1" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">742.1</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4551563&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4551563</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0025958&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0025958</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000252</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000252</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=0584d323b99dcd7001cc50e224947aca" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="&lt;img src=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Microcephaly-small.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Further Information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=0584d323b99dcd7001cc50e224947aca&quot target=&quot;_blank&quot onclick=&quot;gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})&quot;&gt;Elements of Morphology&lt;/a&gt;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Face </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Facial twitching <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0858722&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0858722</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0011468" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0011468</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Eyes </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Eye deviation <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/22066006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">22066006</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H50.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H50.9</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H50.40" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H50.40</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0038379&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0038379</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000486" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000486</a>]</span><br /> -
Staring <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/103262002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">103262002</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1424605&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1424605</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0423086&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0423086</a>]</span><br /> -
Poor eye contact (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/412786000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">412786000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1445953&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1445953</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000817" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000817</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000817" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000817</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> MUSCLE, SOFT TISSUES </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<span class="mim-font">
- Hypotonia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/398151007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">398151007</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/398152000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">398152000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0026827&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0026827</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1858120&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1858120</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001290" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001290</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001252</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001252</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> NEUROLOGIC </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Central Nervous System </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Seizures, partial with secondary generalization, focal at onset, usually motor <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3554196&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3554196</a>]</span><br /> -
Psychomotor regression, severe <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3554197&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3554197</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002376" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002376</a>]</span><br /> -
Hypotonia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/398151007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">398151007</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/398152000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">398152000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0026827&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0026827</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1858120&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1858120</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001290" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001290</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001252</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001252</a>]</span><br /> -
Lack of speech development <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C2675215&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C2675215</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001344" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001344</a>]</span><br /> -
Lack of motor development <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3550275&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3550275</a>]</span><br /> -
Quadriplegia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/11538006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">11538006</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/G82.50" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">G82.50</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/G82.5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">G82.5</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/344.00" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">344.00</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0034372&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0034372</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002445" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002445</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002445" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002445</a>]</span><br /> -
Hyperreflexia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/86854008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">86854008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0151889&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0151889</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001347" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001347</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001347" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001347</a>]</span><br /> -
Spasticity of the lower limbs <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/394679006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">394679006</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1271100&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1271100</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002061" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002061</a>]</span><br /> -
Clonus <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/36649002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">36649002</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0009024&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0009024</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002169" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002169</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002169" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002169</a>]</span><br /> -
Autonomic manifestations <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3554198&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3554198</a>]</span><br /> -
Multifocal discharges seen on EEG <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3550325&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3550325</a>]</span><br /> -
Migrating focal discharges from one cortical region to another seen on EEG <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3554200&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3554200</a>]</span><br /> -
Status epilepticus <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/230456007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">230456007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0038220&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0038220</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002133" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002133</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002133" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002133</a>]</span><br /> -
Delayed myelination seen on MRI <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3554201&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3554201</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/135810007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">135810007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0012448" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0012448</a>]</span><br /> -
Cortical atrophy <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/278849000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">278849000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4551583&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4551583</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0235946&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0235946</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002120" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002120</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002059" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002059</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002120" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002120</a>]</span><br /> -
Thin corpus callosum <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C5441562&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C5441562</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0033725" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0033725</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0033725" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0033725</a>]</span><br /> -
Neuronal loss in the hippocampus <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3554202&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3554202</a>]</span><br /> -
Reactive gliosis <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3550269&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3550269</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> MISCELLANEOUS </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<span class="mim-font">
- De novo mutation <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C2985439&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C2985439</a>]</span><br /> -
Onset of seizures in first 6 months of life<br /> -
Seizures become nearly continuous<br /> -
Normal development until onset of seizures<br /> -
Seizures are refractory to treatment<br /> -
Variable ictal semiology<br /> -
Progressive disorder <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1864985&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1864985</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003676" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003676</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003676" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003676</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> MOLECULAR BASIS </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<span class="mim-font">
- Caused by mutation in the potassium channel, subfamily T, member 1 gene (KCNT1, <a href="/entry/608167#0001">608167.0001</a>)<br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="text-right">
<a href="#mimClinicalSynopsisFold" data-toggle="collapse">&#9650;&nbsp;Close</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="mimPhenotypicSeriesFold" class="well well-sm collapse mimSingletonToggleFold">
<div class="small">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12">
<h5>
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
- <a href="/phenotypicSeries/PS308350">PS308350</a>
- 118 Entries
</h5>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" style="margin-left: 0.125em; margin-right: 0.125em;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-condensed table-hover mim-table-padding">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
<strong>Location</strong>
</th>
<th class="col-lg-5 col-md-5 col-sm-5 col-xs-6 text-nowrap">
<strong>Phenotype</strong>
</th>
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
<strong>Inheritance</strong>
</th>
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
<strong>Phenotype<br />mapping key</strong>
</th>
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
<strong>Phenotype<br />MIM number</strong>
</th>
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
<strong>Gene/Locus</strong>
</th>
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
<strong>Gene/Locus<br />MIM number</strong>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/1/523?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=523"> 1p34.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615476"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 18 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615476"> 615476 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615463"> SZT2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615463"> 615463 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/1/528?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=528"> 1p34.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615006"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 15 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615006"> 615006 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/606494"> ST3GAL3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/606494"> 606494 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/1/642?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=642"> 1p32.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618437"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 75 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618437"> 618437 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612036"> PARS2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612036"> 612036 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/1/674?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=674"> 1p31.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615859"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 23 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615859"> 615859 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615730"> DOCK7 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615730"> 615730 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/1/901?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=901"> 1p13.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616366"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 32 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616366"> 616366 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/176262"> KCNA2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/176262"> 176262 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/1/1056?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=1056"> 1q21.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620772"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 113 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620772"> 620772 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/185860"> SV2A </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/185860"> 185860 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/1/1310?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=1310"> 1q23.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619605"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 98 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619605"> 619605 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/182340"> ATP1A2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/182340"> 182340 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/1/1476?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=1476"> 1q25.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618285"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 69 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618285"> 618285 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/601013"> CACNA1E </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/601013"> 601013 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/1/1477?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=1477"> 1q25.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620806"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 116 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620806"> 620806 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/138290"> GLUL </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/138290"> 138290 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/1/1527?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=1527"> 1q31.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617771"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 57 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617771"> 617771 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610044"> KCNT2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610044"> 610044 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/1/1742?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=1742"> 1q42.11 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619777"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 100 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619777"> 619777 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/609100"> FBXO28 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/609100"> 609100 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/1/1796?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=1796"> 1q42.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617020"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 38 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617020"> 617020 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611647"> ARV1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611647"> 611647 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/1/1851?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=1851"> 1q44 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617391"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 54 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617391"> 617391 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602869"> HNRNPU </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602869"> 602869 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/2/126?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=126"> 2p23.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616457"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 50 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616457"> 616457 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/114010"> CAD </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/114010"> 114010 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/2/291?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=291"> 2p15 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618959"> ?Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 88 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618959"> 618959 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/154200"> MDH1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/154200"> 154200 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/2/292?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=292"> 2p15 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618744"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 83 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618744"> 618744 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/191760"> UGP2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/191760"> 191760 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/2/735?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=735"> 2q24.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617938"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 62 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617938"> 617938 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/182391"> SCN3A </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/182391"> 182391 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/2/736?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=736"> 2q24.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613721"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 11 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613721"> 613721 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/182390"> SCN2A </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/182390"> 182390 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/2/740?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=740"> 2q24.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619317"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 6B, non-Dravet </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619317"> 619317 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/182389"> SCN1A </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/182389"> 182389 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/2/740?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=740"> 2q24.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/607208"> Dravet syndrome </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/607208"> 607208 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/182389"> SCN1A </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/182389"> 182389 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/2/767?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=767"> 2q31.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619124"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 89 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619124"> 619124 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605363"> GAD1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605363"> 605363 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/2/774?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=774"> 2q31.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612949"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 39 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612949"> 612949 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/603667"> SLC25A12 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/603667"> 603667 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/2/871?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=871"> 2q32.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618328"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 71 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618328"> 618328 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/138280"> GLS </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/138280"> 138280 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/3/200?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=200"> 3p22.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618201"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 68 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618201"> 618201 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608112"> TRAK1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608112"> 608112 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/3/296?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=296"> 3p21.31 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618910"> ?Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 86 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618910"> 618910 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618904"> DALRD3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618904"> 618904 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/3/331?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=331"> 3p21.31 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619881"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 102 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619881"> 619881 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/604437"> SLC38A3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/604437"> 604437 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/3/558?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=558"> 3q13.31 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618012"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 93 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618012"> 618012 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/607027"> ATP6V1A </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/607027"> 607027 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/3/688?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=688"> 3q22.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617132"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 44 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617132"> 617132 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610552"> UBA5 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610552"> 610552 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/3/775?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=775"> 3q25.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618379"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 73 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618379"> 618379 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/609247"> RNF13 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/609247"> 609247 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/3/968?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=968"> 3q28-q29 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617166"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 47 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617166"> 617166 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/601513"> FGF12 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/601513"> 601513 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/4/17?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=17"> 4p16.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617976"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 63 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617976"> 617976 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605032"> CPLX1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605032"> 605032 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/4/162?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=162"> 4p14 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618792"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 84 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618792"> 618792 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/603370"> UGDH </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/603370"> 603370 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/4/184?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=184"> 4p12 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617065"> ?Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 40 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617065"> 617065 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617064"> GUF1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617064"> 617064 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/4/187?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=187"> 4p12 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618557"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 78 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618557"> 618557 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/137140"> GABRA2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/137140"> 137140 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/4/190?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=190"> 4p12 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617153"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 45 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617153"> 617153 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/137190"> GABRB1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/137190"> 137190 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/4/446?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=446"> 4q24 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617711"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 91 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617711"> 617711 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/114105"> PPP3CA </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/114105"> 114105 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/4/719?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=719"> 4q35.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620028"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 106 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620028"> 620028 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611482"> UFSP2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611482"> 611482 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/5/149?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=149"> 5p12 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615871"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 24 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615871"> 615871 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602780"> HCN1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602780"> 602780 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/5/711?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=711"> 5q33.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618008"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 65 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618008"> 618008 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/606323"> CYFIP2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/606323"> 606323 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/5/733?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=733"> 5q34 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617829"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 92 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617829"> 617829 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/600232"> GABRB2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/600232"> 600232 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/5/735?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=735"> 5q34 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615744"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 19 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615744"> 615744 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/137160"> GABRA1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/137160"> 137160 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/5/736?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=736"> 5q34 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618396"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 74 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618396"> 618396 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/137164"> GABRG2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/137164"> 137164 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/6/66?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=66"> 6p24.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618298"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 70 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618298"> 618298 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608723"> PHACTR1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608723"> 608723 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/6/507?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=507"> 6p21.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617929"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 60 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617929"> 617929 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610774"> CNPY3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610774"> 610774 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/6/775?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=775"> 6q21 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618916"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 87 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618916"> 618916 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614720"> CDK19 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614720"> 614720 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/7/354?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=354"> 7q11.23 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617339"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 51 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617339"> 617339 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/154100"> MDH2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/154100"> 154100 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/7/356?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=356"> 7q11.23 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617665"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 56 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617665"> 617665 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605356"> YWHAG </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605356"> 605356 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/7/377?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=377"> 7q21.11 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620149"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 110 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620149"> 620149 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/114204"> CACNA2D1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/114204"> 114204 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/7/393?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=393"> 7q21.12 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617933"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 61 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617933"> 617933 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/603709"> ADAM22 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/603709"> 603709 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/7/511?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=511"> 7q22.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618468"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 76 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618468"> 618468 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612458"> ACTL6B </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612458"> 612458 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/8/121?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=121"> 8p21.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618004"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 64 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618004"> 618004 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/607352"> RHOBTB2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/607352"> 607352 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/9/276?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=276"> 9q21.33 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617830"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 58 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617830"> 617830 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/600456"> NTRK2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/600456"> 600456 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/9/351?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=351"> 9q22.33 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617904"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 59 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617904"> 617904 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/607340"> GABBR2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/607340"> 607340 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/9/402?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=402"> 9q31.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616981"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 37 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616981"> 616981 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/604574"> FRRS1L </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/604574"> 604574 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/9/518?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=518"> 9q34.11 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612164"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 4 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>, <abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612164"> 612164 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602926"> STXBP1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602926"> 602926 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/9/537?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=537"> 9q34.11 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620352"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 31B, autosomal recessive </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620352"> 620352 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602377"> DNM1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602377"> 602377 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/9/537?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=537"> 9q34.11 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616346"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 31A, autosomal dominant </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616346"> 616346 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602377"> DNM1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602377"> 602377 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/9/548?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=548"> 9q34.11 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613477"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 5 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613477"> 613477 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/182810"> SPTAN1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/182810"> 182810 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/9/642?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=642"> 9q34.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614959"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 14 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614959"> 614959 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608167"> KCNT1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608167"> 608167 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/9/683?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=683"> 9q34.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619814"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 101 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619814"> 619814 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/138249"> GRIN1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/138249"> 138249 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/10/49?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=49"> 10p14 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619561"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 97 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619561"> 619561 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602538"> CELF2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602538"> 602538 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/11/42?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=42"> 11p15.5 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/609304"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/609304"> 609304 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/609302"> SLC25A22 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/609302"> 609302 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/11/165?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=165"> 11p15.4 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617281"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 49 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617281"> 617281 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617278"> DENND5A </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617278"> 617278 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/11/307?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=307"> 11p13 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617105"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 41 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617105"> 617105 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/600300"> SLC1A2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/600300"> 600300 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/12/108?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=108"> 12p13.31 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615833"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 21 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615833"> 615833 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611623"> NECAP1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611623"> 611623 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/12/189?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=189"> 12p13.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616139"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 27 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616139"> 616139 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/138252"> GRIN2B </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/138252"> 138252 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/12/390?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=390"> 12q13.13 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614558"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 13 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614558"> 614558 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/600702"> SCN8A </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/600702"> 600702 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/12/632?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=632"> 12q21.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619913"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 103 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619913"> 619913 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/176256"> KCNC2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/176256"> 176256 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/12/810?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=810"> 12q24.11-q24.12 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618141"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 67 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618141"> 618141 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610648"> CUX2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610648"> 610648 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/14/300?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=300"> 14q23.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620537"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 112 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620537"> 620537 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605716"> KCNH5 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605716"> 605716 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/14/603?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=603"> 14q32.33 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618067"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 66 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618067"> 618067 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610423"> PACS2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610423"> 610423 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/15/36?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=36"> 15q12 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617113"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 43 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617113"> 617113 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/137192"> GABRB3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/137192"> 137192 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/15/37?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=37"> 15q12 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618559"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 79 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618559"> 618559 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/137142"> GABRA5 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/137142"> 137142 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/15/214?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=214"> 15q21.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618663"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 81 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618663"> 618663 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612186"> DMXL2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612186"> 612186 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/15/232?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=232"> 15q21.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618580"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 80 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618580"> 618580 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/604122"> PIGB </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/604122"> 604122 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/15/455?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=455"> 15q25.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617276"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 48 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617276"> 617276 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602166"> AP3B2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602166"> 602166 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/15/532?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=532"> 15q26.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615369"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 94 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615369"> 615369 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602119"> CHD2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602119"> 602119 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/16/31?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=31"> 16p13.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618548"> Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 4 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618548"> 618548 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605754"> PIGQ </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605754"> 605754 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/16/108?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=108"> 16p13.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615338"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 16 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615338"> 615338 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613577"> TBC1D24 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613577"> 613577 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/16/450?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=450"> 16q13 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615473"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 17 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615473"> 615473 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/139311"> GNAO1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/139311"> 139311 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/16/506?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=506"> 16q21 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618721"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 82 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618721"> 618721 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/138150"> GOT2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/138150"> 138150 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/16/603?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=603"> 16q22.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616339"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 29 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616339"> 616339 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/601065"> AARS1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/601065"> 601065 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/16/666?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=666"> 16q23.1-q23.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616211"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 28 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616211"> 616211 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605131"> WWOX </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605131"> 605131 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/17/124?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=124"> 17p13.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615905"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 25, with amelogenesis imperfecta </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615905"> 615905 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608305"> SLC13A5 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608305"> 608305 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/17/341?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=341"> 17q11.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618143"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 95 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618143"> 618143 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610271"> PIGS </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610271"> 610271 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/17/485?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=485"> 17q12 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618374"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 72 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618374"> 618374 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/601725"> NEUROD2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/601725"> 601725 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/17/578?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=578"> 17q21.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619970"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 104 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619970"> 619970 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/192130"> ATP6V0A1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/192130"> 192130 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/17/668?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=668"> 17q21.31 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619340"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 96 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619340"> 619340 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/601633"> NSF </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/601633"> 601633 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/17/712?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=712"> 17q21.32 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620783"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 115 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620783"> 620783 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610904"> SNF8 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610904"> 610904 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/17/928?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=928"> 17q25.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619983"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 105 with hypopituitarism </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619983"> 619983 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605752"> HID1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605752"> 605752 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/19/107?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=107"> 19p13.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620145"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 109 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620145"> 620145 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/603619"> FZR1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/603619"> 603619 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/19/355?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=355"> 19p13.13 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617106"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 42 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617106"> 617106 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/601011"> CACNA1A </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/601011"> 601011 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/19/452?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=452"> 19p13.11 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620115"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 108 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620115"> 620115 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612258"> MAST3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612258"> 612258 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/19/567?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=567"> 19q13.11 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617350"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 52 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617350"> 617350 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/600235"> SCN1B </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/600235"> 600235 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/19/745?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=745"> 19q13.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619606"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 99 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619606"> 619606 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/182350"> ATP1A3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/182350"> 182350 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/19/895?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=895"> 19q13.33 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617162"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 46 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617162"> 617162 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602717"> GRIN2D </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602717"> 602717 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/19/967?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=967"> 19q13.33 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613402"> Microcephaly, seizures, and developmental delay </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613402"> 613402 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605610"> PNKP </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605610"> 605610 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/20/50?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=50"> 20p13 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616647"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 35 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616647"> 616647 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/147520"> ITPA </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/147520"> 147520 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/20/92?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=92"> 20p12.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613722"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 12 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613722"> 613722 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/607120"> PLCB1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/607120"> 607120 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/20/149?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=149"> 20p11.21 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620033"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 107 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620033"> 620033 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611270"> NAPB </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611270"> 611270 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/20/282?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=282"> 20q11.23 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620774"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 114 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620774"> 620774 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616440"> SLC32A1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616440"> 616440 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/20/353?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=353"> 20q13.12 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616645"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 34 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616645"> 616645 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/606726"> SLC12A5 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/606726"> 606726 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/20/374?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=374"> 20q13.13 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616056"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 26 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616056"> 616056 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/600397"> KCNB1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/600397"> 600397 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/20/471?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=471"> 20q13.33 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613720"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 7 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613720"> 613720 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602235"> KCNQ2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602235"> 602235 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/20/472?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=472"> 20q13.33 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616409"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 33 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616409"> 616409 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602959"> EEF1A2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602959"> 602959 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/21/62?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=62"> 21q22.11 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617389"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 53 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617389"> 617389 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/604297"> SYNJ1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/604297"> 604297 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/21/97?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=97"> 21q22.13 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617599"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 55 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617599"> 617599 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605938"> PIGP </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605938"> 605938 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/21/145?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=145"> 21q22.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616341"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 30 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616341"> 616341 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605705"> SIK1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/605705"> 605705 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/22/192?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=192"> 22q12.2-q12.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620504"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 111 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/620504"> 620504 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614191"> DEPDC5 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614191"> 614191 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/X/78?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=78"> Xp22.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300868"> Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="X-linked recessive">XLR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300868"> 300868 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/311770"> PIGA </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/311770"> 311770 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/X/99?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=99"> Xp22.13 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300672"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="X-linked dominant">XLD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300672"> 300672 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300203"> CDKL5 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300203"> 300203 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/X/132?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=132"> Xp21.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/308350"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="X-linked recessive">XLR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/308350"> 308350 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300382"> ARX </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300382"> 300382 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/X/262?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=262"> Xp11.23 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300896"> Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIm </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Somatic mosaicism">SMo</abbr>, <abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="X-linked dominant">XLD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300896"> 300896 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/314375"> SLC35A2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/314375"> 314375 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/X/325?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=325"> Xp11.22 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/301044"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 85, with or without midline brain defects </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="X-linked dominant">XLD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/301044"> 301044 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300040"> SMC1A </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300040"> 300040 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/X/363?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=363"> Xq11.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300607"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 8 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="X-linked">XL</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300607"> 300607 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300429"> ARHGEF9 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300429"> 300429 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/X/487?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=487"> Xq22.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300088"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 9 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="X-linked">XL</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300088"> 300088 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300460"> PCDH19 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300460"> 300460 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/X/576?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=576"> Xq23 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300884"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 36 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="X-linked">XL</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300884"> 300884 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300776"> ALG13 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300776"> 300776 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/X/729?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=729"> Xq26.3-q27.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/301058"> Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 90 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="X-linked dominant">XLD</abbr>, <abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="X-linked recessive">XLR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/301058"> 301058 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300070"> FGF13 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300070"> 300070 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="text-right small">
<a href="#mimPhenotypicSeriesFold" data-toggle="collapse">&#9650;&nbsp;Close</a>
</div>
</div>
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</div>
<div>
<br />
</div>
<div>
<a id="text" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<h4 href="#mimTextFold" id="mimTextToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
<span id="mimTextToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">&#9660;</span>
<span class="mim-font">
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<strong>TEXT</strong>
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</span>
</h4>
<div id="mimTextFold" class="collapse in ">
<span class="mim-text-font">
<p>A number sign (#) is used with this entry because developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-14 (DEE14) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the KCNT1 gene (<a href="/entry/608167">608167</a>) on chromosome 9q34.</p>
</span>
<div>
<br />
</div>
</div>
<div>
<a id="description" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<h4 href="#mimDescriptionFold" id="mimDescriptionToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
<span id="mimDescriptionToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">&#9660;</span>
<span class="mim-font">
<strong>Description</strong>
</span>
</h4>
</div>
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<p>Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-14 (DEE14) is a severe neurologic disorder characterized by onset in the first 6 months of life of refractory focal seizures and arrest of psychomotor development. Ictal EEG shows discharges that arise randomly from various areas of both hemispheres and migrate from one brain region to another. The disorder presents as 'malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy' (MMPSI), a clinical designation (summary by <a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Barcia, G., Fleming, M. R., Deligniere, A., Gazula, V.-R., Brown, M. R., Langouet, M., Chen, H., Kronengold, J., Abhyankar, A., Cilio, R., Nitschke, P., Kaminska, A., Boddaert, N., Casanova, J.-L., Desguerre, I., Munnich, A., Dulac, O., Kaczmarek, L. K., Colleaux, L., Nabbout, R. &lt;strong&gt;De novo gain-of-function KCNT1 channel mutations cause malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy.&lt;/strong&gt; Nature Genet. 44: 1255-1259, 2012.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23086397/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;23086397&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23086397[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2441&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="23086397">Barcia et al., 2012</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23086397" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of DEE, see <a href="/entry/308350">308350</a>.</p>
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<p><a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Coppola, G., Plouin, P., Chiron, C., Robain, O., Dulac, O. Migrating partial seizures in infancy. &lt;strong&gt;a malignant disorder with developmental arrest.&lt;/strong&gt; Epilepsia 36: 1017-1024, 1995.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7555952/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;7555952&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb00961.x&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="7555952">Coppola et al. (1995)</a> first delineated MMPSI as a clinical entity. Fourteen infants presented at a mean age of 3 months with nearly continuous multifocal seizures involving both cerebral hemispheres. The seizures usually started as focal motor seizures and often showed secondary generalization. Autonomic manifestations, such as apnea, cyanosis, or flushing, were common. The seizures were refractory and became very frequent over the first few months, becoming almost continuous. EEG showed discharges randomly involving multiple independent sites and moving from one cortical area to another. The pattern tended to consist of rhythmic alpha or theta activity that spread to involve an increasing area of the cortical surface. The patients showed developmental regression and became quadriplegic with severe axial hypotonia. Three patients died at ages 7 months, 7 years, and 8 years. Neuropathologic examination of the brain in 2 cases showed severe hippocampal neuronal loss and accompanying gliosis. There was no familial recurrence of a similar disorder, although some had a family history of seizures. In the 2 patients in whom seizure control was obtained, motor and cognitive abilities were partially recovered. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=7555952" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#7" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Wilmshurst, J. M., Appleton, D. B., Grattan-Smith, P. J. &lt;strong&gt;Migrating partial seizures in infancy: two new cases.&lt;/strong&gt; J. Child Neurol. 15: 717-722, 2000.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11108504/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;11108504&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1177/088307380001501102&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="11108504">Wilmshurst et al. (2000)</a> reported 2 unrelated infants with MMPSI. The first was a girl who presented at age 3 weeks with eye opening, staring, eyelid flickering, and twitching of the limbs. The seizures were refractory to treatment. From 8 weeks on, she had multiple types of seizures often with secondary generalization. The seizures continued to be frequent and she remained hospitalized until age 6 months. She showed no developmental progress since the onset of seizures, had truncal hypotonia and limb spasticity, and was drowsy and unresponsive. Extensive laboratory workup found no etiology for the seizures. EEG reflected the escalation of seizure activity, with great variability in the site of onset, multiple seizures arising from the same region, and spreading of the seizures to adjacent brain regions. She died of pneumonia at age 9 months. The second patient was a boy who showed normal development until the onset of refractory seizures at age 3 months. He had multiple seizure types, including facial twitching, eye deviation, limb jerking, and secondary generalization. He was hypotonic with hyperreflexia and clonus. EEG showed multifocal epileptogenic foci on a slow background. He died at age 12 months. <a href="#7" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Wilmshurst, J. M., Appleton, D. B., Grattan-Smith, P. J. &lt;strong&gt;Migrating partial seizures in infancy: two new cases.&lt;/strong&gt; J. Child Neurol. 15: 717-722, 2000.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11108504/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;11108504&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1177/088307380001501102&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="11108504">Wilmshurst et al. (2000)</a> emphasized the extremely poor prognosis of patients with this form of infantile-onset seizures. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=11108504" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Marsh, E., Melamed, S. E., Barron, T., Clancy, R. R. &lt;strong&gt;Migrating partial seizures in infancy: expanding the phenotype of a rare seizure syndrome.&lt;/strong&gt; Epilepsia 46: 568-572, 2005.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15816952/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;15816952&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.34104.x&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="15816952">Marsh et al. (2005)</a> retrospectively reviewed the clinical course of 6 unrelated infants with early-onset intractable seizures that alternated between the cerebral hemispheres and were consistent with MMPSI. Seizures often occurred multiple times a day. After seizure onset, the patients showed a plateau or decline in psychomotor development, and about half showed progressive microcephaly. Interictal EEG varied from normal to slow, with multifocal sharp waves. The onset of seizures in 4 patients had evolving rhythmic sharp activity in the theta to alpha frequency range. Ictal onset varied from side to side and within each hemisphere; many showed a migratory pattern. Five patients were available for follow-up. Of these, only 1 showed profound psychomotor retardation, whereas the others were less severely disabled. One 6-year-old child could walk and talk and showed learning disabilities. These findings suggested that the outcome of the disorder may not be as poor as suggested by the original report of <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Coppola, G., Plouin, P., Chiron, C., Robain, O., Dulac, O. Migrating partial seizures in infancy. &lt;strong&gt;a malignant disorder with developmental arrest.&lt;/strong&gt; Epilepsia 36: 1017-1024, 1995.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7555952/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;7555952&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb00961.x&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="7555952">Coppola et al. (1995)</a>. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=7555952+15816952" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Lee, E. H., Yum, M.-S., Jeong, M.-H., Lee, K. Y., Ko, T.-S. &lt;strong&gt;A case of malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy as a continuum of infantile epileptic encephalopathy.&lt;/strong&gt; Brain Dev. 34: 768-772, 2012.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22197566/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;22197566&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2011.11.011&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="22197566">Lee et al. (2012)</a> reported a Korean boy who presented at age 2 months with refractory multifocal partial seizures. The seizures occurred in clusters up to 10 times a day. EEG showed migrating multifocal epileptiform activity, consistent with a clinical diagnosis of MMPSI. At age 9 months he had epileptic spasms, and EEG showed hypsarrhythmia, consistent with a clinical diagnosis of West syndrome. He developed progressive microcephaly and showed severe neurologic impairment with poor visual following and generalized hypotonia. The finding suggested that both MMPSI and West syndrome represent a phenotypic continuum of infantile epileptic encephalopathy and probably share a common pathophysiology relating to hyperexcitability. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22197566" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Barcia, G., Fleming, M. R., Deligniere, A., Gazula, V.-R., Brown, M. R., Langouet, M., Chen, H., Kronengold, J., Abhyankar, A., Cilio, R., Nitschke, P., Kaminska, A., Boddaert, N., Casanova, J.-L., Desguerre, I., Munnich, A., Dulac, O., Kaczmarek, L. K., Colleaux, L., Nabbout, R. &lt;strong&gt;De novo gain-of-function KCNT1 channel mutations cause malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy.&lt;/strong&gt; Nature Genet. 44: 1255-1259, 2012.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23086397/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;23086397&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23086397[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2441&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="23086397">Barcia et al. (2012)</a> reported 6 unrelated patients with MMPSI due to heterozygous mutations in the KCNT1 gene (<a href="#0001">614959.0001</a>-<a href="#0004">614959.0004</a>). All patients had onset of refractory focal seizures and arrest of psychomotor development in the first 2 months of life. The seizures showed secondary generalization in some patients. Brain MRI of most patients showed delayed myelination, cortical atrophy, and thin corpus callosum. Other features included poor or no eye contact, lack of speech and walking, and microcephaly. The oldest patients were 10 years old at the time of the study and showed profound psychomotor retardation. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23086397" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#6" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Vanderver, A., Simons, C., Schmidt, J. L., Pearl, P. L., Bloom, M., Lavenstein, B., Miller, D., Grimmond, S. M., Taft, R. J. &lt;strong&gt;Identification of a novel de novo p.Phe932Ile KCNT1 mutation in a patient with leukoencephalopathy and severe epilepsy.&lt;/strong&gt; Pediat. Neurol. 50: 112-114, 2014.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24120652/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;24120652&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.06.024&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="24120652">Vanderver et al. (2014)</a> reported a child with leukoencephalopathy and severe epilepsy. He presented at age 1 month with refractory myoclonic seizures that progressed to several different seizure types, including status epilepticus. He had microcephaly and encephalopathic encephalopathy, with severe developmental stagnation and abnormal involuntary movements. Brain imaging showed severely delayed myelination, and EEG showed background slowing with superimposed multifocal interictal sharp discharges and occasional periods of burst-suppression. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=24120652" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ishii, A., Shioda, M., Okumura, A., Kidokoro, H., Sakauchi, M., Shimada, S., Shimizu, T., Osawa, M., Hirose, S., Yamamoto, T. &lt;strong&gt;A recurrent KCNT1 mutation in two sporadic cases with malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy.&lt;/strong&gt; Gene 531: 467-471, 2013.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24029078/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;24029078&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.096&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="24029078">Ishii et al. (2013)</a> reported 2 unrelated girls with DEE14 presenting as malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy. Both girls had onset of focal seizures at 2 months of age, following apparently normal development. The seizures occurred 20 to 30 times a day and were refractory to treatment. Interictal EEGs showed asynchronous high-voltage slow activities with multifocal spikes. Ictal EEGs demonstrated either focal or multifocal seizure activity that often migrated to other areas. Both patients had hypotonia and severely delayed psychomotor development with lack of head control and lack of visual following. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=24029078" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p>The diagnostic criteria for MMPSI suggested by <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Coppola, G., Plouin, P., Chiron, C., Robain, O., Dulac, O. Migrating partial seizures in infancy. &lt;strong&gt;a malignant disorder with developmental arrest.&lt;/strong&gt; Epilepsia 36: 1017-1024, 1995.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7555952/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;7555952&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb00961.x&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="7555952">Coppola et al. (1995)</a> included normal development before seizure onset, onset before age 6 months, migrating focal motor seizures at onset, multifocal seizures becoming intractable and treatment-resistant, profound psychomotor delay, and no identifiable etiology. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=7555952" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p>All patients with DEE14 reported by <a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Barcia, G., Fleming, M. R., Deligniere, A., Gazula, V.-R., Brown, M. R., Langouet, M., Chen, H., Kronengold, J., Abhyankar, A., Cilio, R., Nitschke, P., Kaminska, A., Boddaert, N., Casanova, J.-L., Desguerre, I., Munnich, A., Dulac, O., Kaczmarek, L. K., Colleaux, L., Nabbout, R. &lt;strong&gt;De novo gain-of-function KCNT1 channel mutations cause malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy.&lt;/strong&gt; Nature Genet. 44: 1255-1259, 2012.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23086397/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;23086397&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23086397[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2441&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="23086397">Barcia et al. (2012)</a> had sporadic occurrence of the disorder due to de novo heterozygous mutations in the KCNT1 gene. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23086397" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<a id="molecularGenetics" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<span id="mimMolecularGeneticsToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">&#9660;</span>
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<strong>Molecular Genetics</strong>
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<p>In 6 (50%) of 12 unrelated patients with sporadic occurrence of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-14 manifest clinically as MMPSI, <a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Barcia, G., Fleming, M. R., Deligniere, A., Gazula, V.-R., Brown, M. R., Langouet, M., Chen, H., Kronengold, J., Abhyankar, A., Cilio, R., Nitschke, P., Kaminska, A., Boddaert, N., Casanova, J.-L., Desguerre, I., Munnich, A., Dulac, O., Kaczmarek, L. K., Colleaux, L., Nabbout, R. &lt;strong&gt;De novo gain-of-function KCNT1 channel mutations cause malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy.&lt;/strong&gt; Nature Genet. 44: 1255-1259, 2012.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23086397/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;23086397&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23086397[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2441&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="23086397">Barcia et al. (2012)</a> identified 4 different de novo heterozygous mutations in the KCNT1 gene (<a href="/entry/608167#0001">608167.0001</a>-<a href="/entry/608167#0004">608167.0004</a>). The first 2 mutations were identified by exome sequencing. Expression of 2 of the corresponding rat mutations in Xenopus oocytes resulted in Kcnt1-generated currents that resembled wildtype in terms of voltage dependence and kinetic behavior but had 2- to 3-fold higher amplitude compared to wildtype, consistent with a gain of function. The mutations were shown to cause constitutive activation of the Kcnt1 channel, mimicking the effects of phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain by protein kinase C (see, e.g., PRKCA, <a href="/entry/176960">176960</a>) activation. Although mutations in the SCN1A gene (<a href="/entry/182389">182389</a>) have rarely been associated with the MMPSI phenotype (see DEE6, <a href="/entry/607208">607208</a>), none of the 12 patients reported by <a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Barcia, G., Fleming, M. R., Deligniere, A., Gazula, V.-R., Brown, M. R., Langouet, M., Chen, H., Kronengold, J., Abhyankar, A., Cilio, R., Nitschke, P., Kaminska, A., Boddaert, N., Casanova, J.-L., Desguerre, I., Munnich, A., Dulac, O., Kaczmarek, L. K., Colleaux, L., Nabbout, R. &lt;strong&gt;De novo gain-of-function KCNT1 channel mutations cause malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy.&lt;/strong&gt; Nature Genet. 44: 1255-1259, 2012.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23086397/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;23086397&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23086397[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2441&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="23086397">Barcia et al. (2012)</a> had mutations in the SCN1A gene, suggesting that KCNT1 is a major disease-associated gene that is specific for the MMPSI phenotype. In addition, 6 patients with this phenotype reported by <a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Barcia, G., Fleming, M. R., Deligniere, A., Gazula, V.-R., Brown, M. R., Langouet, M., Chen, H., Kronengold, J., Abhyankar, A., Cilio, R., Nitschke, P., Kaminska, A., Boddaert, N., Casanova, J.-L., Desguerre, I., Munnich, A., Dulac, O., Kaczmarek, L. K., Colleaux, L., Nabbout, R. &lt;strong&gt;De novo gain-of-function KCNT1 channel mutations cause malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy.&lt;/strong&gt; Nature Genet. 44: 1255-1259, 2012.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23086397/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;23086397&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23086397[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2441&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="23086397">Barcia et al. (2012)</a> did not have KCNT1 mutations, indicating further genetic heterogeneity for MMPSI. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23086397" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>In a child with DEE14 and severely delayed myelination, <a href="#6" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Vanderver, A., Simons, C., Schmidt, J. L., Pearl, P. L., Bloom, M., Lavenstein, B., Miller, D., Grimmond, S. M., Taft, R. J. &lt;strong&gt;Identification of a novel de novo p.Phe932Ile KCNT1 mutation in a patient with leukoencephalopathy and severe epilepsy.&lt;/strong&gt; Pediat. Neurol. 50: 112-114, 2014.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24120652/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;24120652&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.06.024&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="24120652">Vanderver et al. (2014)</a> identified a de novo heterozygous mutation in the KCNT1 gene (F932I; <a href="/entry/608167#0009">608167.0009</a>). The mutation was found by whole-exome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=24120652" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>In 2 unrelated girls with DEE14 manifest as malignant partial migrating seizures in infancy, <a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ishii, A., Shioda, M., Okumura, A., Kidokoro, H., Sakauchi, M., Shimada, S., Shimizu, T., Osawa, M., Hirose, S., Yamamoto, T. &lt;strong&gt;A recurrent KCNT1 mutation in two sporadic cases with malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy.&lt;/strong&gt; Gene 531: 467-471, 2013.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24029078/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;24029078&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.096&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="24029078">Ishii et al. (2013)</a> identified the same de novo heterozygous mutation in the KCNT1 gene (G288S; <a href="/entry/608167#0010">608167.0010</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=24029078" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<a id="references"class="mim-anchor"></a>
<h4 href="#mimReferencesFold" id="mimReferencesToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
<span class="mim-font">
<span id="mimReferencesToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">&#9660;</span>
<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
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</h4>
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<p />
</div>
<div id="mimReferencesFold" class="collapse in mimTextToggleFold">
<ol>
<li>
<a id="1" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Barcia2012" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Barcia, G., Fleming, M. R., Deligniere, A., Gazula, V.-R., Brown, M. R., Langouet, M., Chen, H., Kronengold, J., Abhyankar, A., Cilio, R., Nitschke, P., Kaminska, A., Boddaert, N., Casanova, J.-L., Desguerre, I., Munnich, A., Dulac, O., Kaczmarek, L. K., Colleaux, L., Nabbout, R.
<strong>De novo gain-of-function KCNT1 channel mutations cause malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy.</strong>
Nature Genet. 44: 1255-1259, 2012.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23086397/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23086397</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23086397[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23086397" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2441" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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<a id="2" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Coppola1995" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Coppola, G., Plouin, P., Chiron, C., Robain, O., Dulac, O. Migrating partial seizures in infancy.
<strong>a malignant disorder with developmental arrest.</strong>
Epilepsia 36: 1017-1024, 1995.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7555952/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">7555952</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=7555952" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb00961.x" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
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<li>
<a id="3" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Ishii2013" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Ishii, A., Shioda, M., Okumura, A., Kidokoro, H., Sakauchi, M., Shimada, S., Shimizu, T., Osawa, M., Hirose, S., Yamamoto, T.
<strong>A recurrent KCNT1 mutation in two sporadic cases with malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy.</strong>
Gene 531: 467-471, 2013.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24029078/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">24029078</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=24029078" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.096" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
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<a id="4" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Lee2012" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Lee, E. H., Yum, M.-S., Jeong, M.-H., Lee, K. Y., Ko, T.-S.
<strong>A case of malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy as a continuum of infantile epileptic encephalopathy.</strong>
Brain Dev. 34: 768-772, 2012.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22197566/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">22197566</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22197566" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2011.11.011" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
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<a id="5" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Marsh2005" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Marsh, E., Melamed, S. E., Barron, T., Clancy, R. R.
<strong>Migrating partial seizures in infancy: expanding the phenotype of a rare seizure syndrome.</strong>
Epilepsia 46: 568-572, 2005.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15816952/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">15816952</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=15816952" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.34104.x" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
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<li>
<a id="6" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Vanderver2014" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Vanderver, A., Simons, C., Schmidt, J. L., Pearl, P. L., Bloom, M., Lavenstein, B., Miller, D., Grimmond, S. M., Taft, R. J.
<strong>Identification of a novel de novo p.Phe932Ile KCNT1 mutation in a patient with leukoencephalopathy and severe epilepsy.</strong>
Pediat. Neurol. 50: 112-114, 2014.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24120652/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">24120652</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=24120652" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.06.024" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
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<a id="7" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Wilmshurst2000" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Wilmshurst, J. M., Appleton, D. B., Grattan-Smith, P. J.
<strong>Migrating partial seizures in infancy: two new cases.</strong>
J. Child Neurol. 15: 717-722, 2000.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11108504/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">11108504</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=11108504" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/088307380001501102" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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<a id="contributors" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<a href="#mimCollapseContributors" role="button" data-toggle="collapse"> Contributors: </a>
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<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-6">
<span class="mim-text-font">
Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 3/26/2014
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<span class="mim-text-font">
Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 1/7/2014
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Creation Date:
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Cassandra L. Kniffin : 12/3/2012
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<a href="#mimCollapseEditHistory" role="button" data-toggle="collapse"> Edit History: </a>
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alopez : 10/20/2020
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<span class="mim-text-font">
alopez : 10/20/2020<br>joanna : 10/09/2020<br>carol : 09/22/2020<br>carol : 04/01/2014<br>mcolton : 3/31/2014<br>ckniffin : 3/26/2014<br>carol : 1/8/2014<br>ckniffin : 1/7/2014<br>carol : 12/6/2012<br>alopez : 12/4/2012<br>ckniffin : 12/3/2012
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<strong>#</strong> 614959
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DEVELOPMENTAL AND EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY 14; DEE14
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<span class="mim-font">
<em>Alternative titles; symbols</em>
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<span class="mim-font">
EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, EARLY INFANTILE, 14; EIEE14
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<strong>ORPHA:</strong> 293181; &nbsp;
<strong>DO:</strong> 0080439; &nbsp;
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<strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong>
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Location
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Phenotype
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Phenotype <br /> MIM number
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Inheritance
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Phenotype <br /> mapping key
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Gene/Locus
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Gene/Locus <br /> MIM number
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<span class="mim-font">
9q34.3
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<span class="mim-font">
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 14
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614959
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Autosomal dominant
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3
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KCNT1
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<span class="mim-font">
608167
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<p>A number sign (#) is used with this entry because developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-14 (DEE14) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the KCNT1 gene (608167) on chromosome 9q34.</p>
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<strong>Description</strong>
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<p>Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-14 (DEE14) is a severe neurologic disorder characterized by onset in the first 6 months of life of refractory focal seizures and arrest of psychomotor development. Ictal EEG shows discharges that arise randomly from various areas of both hemispheres and migrate from one brain region to another. The disorder presents as 'malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy' (MMPSI), a clinical designation (summary by Barcia et al., 2012). </p><p>For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of DEE, see 308350.</p>
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<strong>Clinical Features</strong>
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<p>Coppola et al. (1995) first delineated MMPSI as a clinical entity. Fourteen infants presented at a mean age of 3 months with nearly continuous multifocal seizures involving both cerebral hemispheres. The seizures usually started as focal motor seizures and often showed secondary generalization. Autonomic manifestations, such as apnea, cyanosis, or flushing, were common. The seizures were refractory and became very frequent over the first few months, becoming almost continuous. EEG showed discharges randomly involving multiple independent sites and moving from one cortical area to another. The pattern tended to consist of rhythmic alpha or theta activity that spread to involve an increasing area of the cortical surface. The patients showed developmental regression and became quadriplegic with severe axial hypotonia. Three patients died at ages 7 months, 7 years, and 8 years. Neuropathologic examination of the brain in 2 cases showed severe hippocampal neuronal loss and accompanying gliosis. There was no familial recurrence of a similar disorder, although some had a family history of seizures. In the 2 patients in whom seizure control was obtained, motor and cognitive abilities were partially recovered. </p><p>Wilmshurst et al. (2000) reported 2 unrelated infants with MMPSI. The first was a girl who presented at age 3 weeks with eye opening, staring, eyelid flickering, and twitching of the limbs. The seizures were refractory to treatment. From 8 weeks on, she had multiple types of seizures often with secondary generalization. The seizures continued to be frequent and she remained hospitalized until age 6 months. She showed no developmental progress since the onset of seizures, had truncal hypotonia and limb spasticity, and was drowsy and unresponsive. Extensive laboratory workup found no etiology for the seizures. EEG reflected the escalation of seizure activity, with great variability in the site of onset, multiple seizures arising from the same region, and spreading of the seizures to adjacent brain regions. She died of pneumonia at age 9 months. The second patient was a boy who showed normal development until the onset of refractory seizures at age 3 months. He had multiple seizure types, including facial twitching, eye deviation, limb jerking, and secondary generalization. He was hypotonic with hyperreflexia and clonus. EEG showed multifocal epileptogenic foci on a slow background. He died at age 12 months. Wilmshurst et al. (2000) emphasized the extremely poor prognosis of patients with this form of infantile-onset seizures. </p><p>Marsh et al. (2005) retrospectively reviewed the clinical course of 6 unrelated infants with early-onset intractable seizures that alternated between the cerebral hemispheres and were consistent with MMPSI. Seizures often occurred multiple times a day. After seizure onset, the patients showed a plateau or decline in psychomotor development, and about half showed progressive microcephaly. Interictal EEG varied from normal to slow, with multifocal sharp waves. The onset of seizures in 4 patients had evolving rhythmic sharp activity in the theta to alpha frequency range. Ictal onset varied from side to side and within each hemisphere; many showed a migratory pattern. Five patients were available for follow-up. Of these, only 1 showed profound psychomotor retardation, whereas the others were less severely disabled. One 6-year-old child could walk and talk and showed learning disabilities. These findings suggested that the outcome of the disorder may not be as poor as suggested by the original report of Coppola et al. (1995). </p><p>Lee et al. (2012) reported a Korean boy who presented at age 2 months with refractory multifocal partial seizures. The seizures occurred in clusters up to 10 times a day. EEG showed migrating multifocal epileptiform activity, consistent with a clinical diagnosis of MMPSI. At age 9 months he had epileptic spasms, and EEG showed hypsarrhythmia, consistent with a clinical diagnosis of West syndrome. He developed progressive microcephaly and showed severe neurologic impairment with poor visual following and generalized hypotonia. The finding suggested that both MMPSI and West syndrome represent a phenotypic continuum of infantile epileptic encephalopathy and probably share a common pathophysiology relating to hyperexcitability. </p><p>Barcia et al. (2012) reported 6 unrelated patients with MMPSI due to heterozygous mutations in the KCNT1 gene (614959.0001-614959.0004). All patients had onset of refractory focal seizures and arrest of psychomotor development in the first 2 months of life. The seizures showed secondary generalization in some patients. Brain MRI of most patients showed delayed myelination, cortical atrophy, and thin corpus callosum. Other features included poor or no eye contact, lack of speech and walking, and microcephaly. The oldest patients were 10 years old at the time of the study and showed profound psychomotor retardation. </p><p>Vanderver et al. (2014) reported a child with leukoencephalopathy and severe epilepsy. He presented at age 1 month with refractory myoclonic seizures that progressed to several different seizure types, including status epilepticus. He had microcephaly and encephalopathic encephalopathy, with severe developmental stagnation and abnormal involuntary movements. Brain imaging showed severely delayed myelination, and EEG showed background slowing with superimposed multifocal interictal sharp discharges and occasional periods of burst-suppression. </p><p>Ishii et al. (2013) reported 2 unrelated girls with DEE14 presenting as malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy. Both girls had onset of focal seizures at 2 months of age, following apparently normal development. The seizures occurred 20 to 30 times a day and were refractory to treatment. Interictal EEGs showed asynchronous high-voltage slow activities with multifocal spikes. Ictal EEGs demonstrated either focal or multifocal seizure activity that often migrated to other areas. Both patients had hypotonia and severely delayed psychomotor development with lack of head control and lack of visual following. </p>
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<strong>Diagnosis</strong>
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<p>The diagnostic criteria for MMPSI suggested by Coppola et al. (1995) included normal development before seizure onset, onset before age 6 months, migrating focal motor seizures at onset, multifocal seizures becoming intractable and treatment-resistant, profound psychomotor delay, and no identifiable etiology. </p>
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<strong>Inheritance</strong>
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<p>All patients with DEE14 reported by Barcia et al. (2012) had sporadic occurrence of the disorder due to de novo heterozygous mutations in the KCNT1 gene. </p>
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<strong>Molecular Genetics</strong>
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<p>In 6 (50%) of 12 unrelated patients with sporadic occurrence of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-14 manifest clinically as MMPSI, Barcia et al. (2012) identified 4 different de novo heterozygous mutations in the KCNT1 gene (608167.0001-608167.0004). The first 2 mutations were identified by exome sequencing. Expression of 2 of the corresponding rat mutations in Xenopus oocytes resulted in Kcnt1-generated currents that resembled wildtype in terms of voltage dependence and kinetic behavior but had 2- to 3-fold higher amplitude compared to wildtype, consistent with a gain of function. The mutations were shown to cause constitutive activation of the Kcnt1 channel, mimicking the effects of phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain by protein kinase C (see, e.g., PRKCA, 176960) activation. Although mutations in the SCN1A gene (182389) have rarely been associated with the MMPSI phenotype (see DEE6, 607208), none of the 12 patients reported by Barcia et al. (2012) had mutations in the SCN1A gene, suggesting that KCNT1 is a major disease-associated gene that is specific for the MMPSI phenotype. In addition, 6 patients with this phenotype reported by Barcia et al. (2012) did not have KCNT1 mutations, indicating further genetic heterogeneity for MMPSI. </p><p>In a child with DEE14 and severely delayed myelination, Vanderver et al. (2014) identified a de novo heterozygous mutation in the KCNT1 gene (F932I; 608167.0009). The mutation was found by whole-exome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. </p><p>In 2 unrelated girls with DEE14 manifest as malignant partial migrating seizures in infancy, Ishii et al. (2013) identified the same de novo heterozygous mutation in the KCNT1 gene (G288S; 608167.0010). </p>
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<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
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Barcia, G., Fleming, M. R., Deligniere, A., Gazula, V.-R., Brown, M. R., Langouet, M., Chen, H., Kronengold, J., Abhyankar, A., Cilio, R., Nitschke, P., Kaminska, A., Boddaert, N., Casanova, J.-L., Desguerre, I., Munnich, A., Dulac, O., Kaczmarek, L. K., Colleaux, L., Nabbout, R.
<strong>De novo gain-of-function KCNT1 channel mutations cause malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy.</strong>
Nature Genet. 44: 1255-1259, 2012.
[PubMed: 23086397]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2441]
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Coppola, G., Plouin, P., Chiron, C., Robain, O., Dulac, O. Migrating partial seizures in infancy.
<strong>a malignant disorder with developmental arrest.</strong>
Epilepsia 36: 1017-1024, 1995.
[PubMed: 7555952]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb00961.x]
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Ishii, A., Shioda, M., Okumura, A., Kidokoro, H., Sakauchi, M., Shimada, S., Shimizu, T., Osawa, M., Hirose, S., Yamamoto, T.
<strong>A recurrent KCNT1 mutation in two sporadic cases with malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy.</strong>
Gene 531: 467-471, 2013.
[PubMed: 24029078]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.096]
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Lee, E. H., Yum, M.-S., Jeong, M.-H., Lee, K. Y., Ko, T.-S.
<strong>A case of malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy as a continuum of infantile epileptic encephalopathy.</strong>
Brain Dev. 34: 768-772, 2012.
[PubMed: 22197566]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2011.11.011]
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Marsh, E., Melamed, S. E., Barron, T., Clancy, R. R.
<strong>Migrating partial seizures in infancy: expanding the phenotype of a rare seizure syndrome.</strong>
Epilepsia 46: 568-572, 2005.
[PubMed: 15816952]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.34104.x]
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Vanderver, A., Simons, C., Schmidt, J. L., Pearl, P. L., Bloom, M., Lavenstein, B., Miller, D., Grimmond, S. M., Taft, R. J.
<strong>Identification of a novel de novo p.Phe932Ile KCNT1 mutation in a patient with leukoencephalopathy and severe epilepsy.</strong>
Pediat. Neurol. 50: 112-114, 2014.
[PubMed: 24120652]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.06.024]
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Wilmshurst, J. M., Appleton, D. B., Grattan-Smith, P. J.
<strong>Migrating partial seizures in infancy: two new cases.</strong>
J. Child Neurol. 15: 717-722, 2000.
[PubMed: 11108504]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1177/088307380001501102]
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Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 3/26/2014<br>Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 1/7/2014
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Cassandra L. Kniffin : 12/3/2012
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