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<title>
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Entry
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- #613480 - LYMPHATIC MALFORMATION 3; LMPHM3
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- OMIM
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<span class="h4">#613480</span>
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<br />
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<strong>Table of Contents</strong>
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<a href="#phenotypeMap"><strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong></a>
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<a href="/phenotypicSeries/PS153100"> <strong>Phenotypic Series</strong> </a>
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<a href="#description">Description</a>
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<a href="#clinicalFeatures">Clinical Features</a>
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<a href="#inheritance">Inheritance</a>
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<a href="#mapping">Mapping</a>
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<a href="#molecularGenetics">Molecular Genetics</a>
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<a href="#references"><strong>References</strong></a>
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<a href="#contributors"><strong>Contributors</strong></a>
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<a href="#creationDate"><strong>Creation Date</strong></a>
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<div><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=(LYMPHATIC MALFORMATION) OR (GJC2)" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Clinical Trials" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Clinical Trials', 'domain': 'clinicaltrials.gov'})">Clinical Trials</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/ClinicalLabs_Search_Simple.php?lng=EN&LnkId=28610&Typ=Pat" class="mim-tip-hint" title="A list of European laboratories that offer genetic testing." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'EuroGentest', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">EuroGentest</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/x/8770" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Network of disease-specific advocacy organizations, universities, private companies, government agencies, and public policy organizations." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Genetic Alliance', 'domain': 'diseaseinfosearch.org'})">Genetic Alliance</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/gjc2" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Consumer-friendly information about the effects of genetic variation on human health." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MedlinePlus Genetics', 'domain': 'medlineplus.gov'})">MedlinePlus Genetics</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=568051" class="mim-tip-hint" title="European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'OrphaNet', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">OrphaNet</a></div>
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<div style="display: table-cell;">Animal Models</div>
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<div><a href="https://www.alliancegenome.org/disease/DOID:0070208" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Search Across Species; explore model organism and human comparative genomics." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Alliance Genome', 'domain': 'alliancegenome.org'})">Alliance Genome</a></div>
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<div><a href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/disease/613480" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Phenotypes, alleles, and disease models from Mouse Genome Informatics." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MGI Mouse Phenotype', 'domain': 'informatics.jax.org'})">MGI Mouse Phenotype</a></div>
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<span>
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<span class="mim-tip-bottom" qtip_title="<strong>Looking for this gene or this phenotype in other resources?</strong>" qtip_text="Select a related resource from the dropdown menu and click for a targeted link to information directly relevant.">
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<a id="title" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<a id="number" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div class="text-right">
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<a href="#" class="mim-tip-icd" qtip_title="<strong>ICD+</strong>" qtip_text="
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<strong>ORPHA:</strong> 568051<br />
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<strong>DO:</strong> 0070208<br />
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">ICD+</a>
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<div>
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<span class="h3">
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<span class="mim-font mim-tip-hint" title="Phenotype description, molecular basis known">
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<span class="text-danger"><strong>#</strong></span>
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613480
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</span>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div>
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<a id="preferredTitle" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h3>
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<span class="mim-font">
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LYMPHATIC MALFORMATION 3; LMPHM3
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</h3>
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</div>
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<div>
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<br />
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<a id="alternativeTitles" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<p>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<em>Alternative titles; symbols</em>
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</span>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div>
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<h4>
|
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<span class="mim-font">
|
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LYMPHEDEMA, HEREDITARY, IC, FORMERLY; LMPH1C, FORMERLY
|
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</span>
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</h4>
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<a id="phenotypeMap" class="mim-anchor"></a>
|
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<h4>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong>
|
|
</span>
|
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</h4>
|
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<div>
|
|
<table class="table table-bordered table-condensed table-hover small mim-table-padding">
|
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<thead>
|
|
<tr class="active">
|
|
<th>
|
|
Location
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
Phenotype
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
Phenotype <br /> MIM number
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
Inheritance
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
Phenotype <br /> mapping key
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
Gene/Locus
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
Gene/Locus <br /> MIM number
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
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<tbody>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/1/1773?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=1773">
|
|
1q42.13
|
|
</a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
Lymphatic malformation 3
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/613480"> 613480 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
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|
|
</span>
|
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</td>
|
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<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
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|
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<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
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|
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</span>
|
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</td>
|
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<td>
|
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<span class="mim-font">
|
|
GJC2
|
|
</span>
|
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</td>
|
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<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/608803"> 608803 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
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</td>
|
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</tr>
|
|
|
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</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
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<div>
|
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|
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<div class="btn-group ">
|
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<a href="/clinicalSynopsis/613480" class="btn btn-warning" role="button"> Clinical Synopsis </a>
|
|
<button type="button" id="mimPhenotypicSeriesToggle" class="btn btn-warning dropdown-toggle mimSingletonFoldToggle" data-toggle="collapse" href="#mimClinicalSynopsisFold" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Unfurl', 'ClinicalSynopsis', 'omim.org')">
|
|
<span class="caret"></span>
|
|
<span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="btn-group">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/phenotypicSeries/PS153100" class="btn btn-info" role="button"> Phenotypic Series </a>
|
|
|
|
<button type="button" id="mimPhenotypicSeriesToggle" class="btn btn-info dropdown-toggle mimSingletonFoldToggle" data-toggle="collapse" href="#mimPhenotypicSeriesFold" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Unfurl', 'PhenotypicSeries', 'omim.org')">
|
|
<span class="caret"></span>
|
|
<span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span>
|
|
</button>
|
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</div>
|
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|
|
<div class="btn-group">
|
|
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
PheneGene Graphics <span class="caret"></span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
<ul class="dropdown-menu" style="width: 17em;">
|
|
<li><a href="/graph/linear/613480" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_graph', {'destination': 'Linear'})"> Linear </a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/graph/radial/613480" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_graph', {'destination': 'Radial'})"> Radial </a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign mim-tip-hint" title="OMIM PheneGene graphics depict relationships between phenotypes, groups of related phenotypes (Phenotypic Series), and genes.<br /><a href='/static/omim/pdf/OMIM_Graphics.pdf' target='_blank'>A quick reference overview and guide (PDF)</a>"></span>
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|
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<div>
|
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<p />
|
|
</div>
|
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|
|
<div id="mimClinicalSynopsisFold" class="well well-sm collapse mimSingletonToggleFold">
|
|
<div class="small" style="margin: 5px">
|
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|
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<div>
|
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<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> INHERITANCE </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Autosomal dominant <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/263681008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">263681008</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/771269000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">771269000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0443147&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0443147</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1867440&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1867440</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000006</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000006</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
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|
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<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> SKIN, NAILS, & HAIR </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Skin </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Recurrent skin infections <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/736979001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">736979001</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1853193&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1853193</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001581" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001581</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001581" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001581</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Cellulitis <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/128045006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">128045006</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/385627004" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">385627004</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/L03.90" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">L03.90</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0007642&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0007642</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C2025995&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C2025995</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0100658" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0100658</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0100658" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0100658</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> MUSCLE, SOFT TISSUES </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Lymphedema of the lower limbs <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1866050&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1866050</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Lymphedema of the hands (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3278885&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3278885</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> MISCELLANEOUS </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Onset in first or second decades<br /> -
|
|
Females tend to have earlier onset<br /> -
|
|
Reduced penetrance <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1836598&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1836598</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003829" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003829</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003829" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003829</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> MOLECULAR BASIS </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Caused by mutation in the Gap junction protein, gamma-2 gene (GJC2, <a href="/entry/608803#0009">608803.0009</a>)<br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="text-right">
|
|
<a href="#mimClinicalSynopsisFold" data-toggle="collapse">▲ Close</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="mimPhenotypicSeriesFold" class="well well-sm collapse mimSingletonToggleFold">
|
|
<div class="small">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="row">
|
|
<div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12">
|
|
<h5>
|
|
Lymphatic malformation
|
|
- <a href="/phenotypicSeries/PS153100">PS153100</a>
|
|
- 14 Entries
|
|
</h5>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="row" style="margin-left: 0.125em; margin-right: 0.125em;">
|
|
<table class="table table-bordered table-condensed table-hover mim-table-padding">
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
|
|
<strong>Location</strong>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th class="col-lg-5 col-md-5 col-sm-5 col-xs-6 text-nowrap">
|
|
<strong>Phenotype</strong>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
|
|
<strong>Inheritance</strong>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
|
|
<strong>Phenotype<br />mapping key</strong>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
|
|
<strong>Phenotype<br />MIM number</strong>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
|
|
<strong>Gene/Locus</strong>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
|
|
<strong>Gene/Locus<br />MIM number</strong>
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/1/518?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=518"> 1p34.2 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/619401"> Lymphatic malformation 11 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/619401"> 619401 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/600222"> TIE </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/600222"> 600222 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/1/1773?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=1773"> 1q42.13 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/613480"> Lymphatic malformation 3 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/613480"> 613480 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/608803"> GJC2 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/608803"> 608803 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/2/850?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=850"> 2q32.1 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/618773"> ?Lymphatic malformation 8 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/618773"> 618773 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/114190"> CALCRL </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/114190"> 114190 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/4/692?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=692"> 4q34.3 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/615907"> Lymphatic malformation 4 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/615907"> 615907 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/601528"> VEGFC </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/601528"> 601528 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/5/845?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=845"> 5q35.3 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/153100"> Lymphatic malformation 1 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/153100"> 153100 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/136352"> FLT4 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/136352"> 136352 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/6/723?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=723"> 6q16.2-q22.1 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/611944"> Lymphatic malformation 2 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="2 - The disorder was placed on the map by statistical methods"> 2 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/611944"> 611944 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/611944"> LMPHM2 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/611944"> 611944 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/7/517?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=517"> 7q22.1 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/617300"> Lymphatic malformation 7 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/617300"> 617300 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/600011"> EPHB4 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/600011"> 600011 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/7/599?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=599"> 7q31.1-q31.2 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/620014"> Lymphatic malformation 12 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/620014"> 620014 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/614511"> MDFIC </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/614511"> 614511 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/8/17?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=17"> 8p23.1 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/619369"> Lymphatic malformation 10 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/619369"> 619369 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/601922"> ANGPT2 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/601922"> 601922 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/13/197?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=197"> 13q14.3 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/620244"> Lymphatic malformation 13 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/620244"> 620244 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/616821"> THSD1 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/616821"> 616821 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/16/736?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=736"> 16q24.3 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/616843"> Lymphatic malformation 6 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/616843"> 616843 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/611184"> PIEZO1 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/611184"> 611184 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/21/105?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=105"> 21q22.2 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/620602"> Lymphatic malformation 14 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/620602"> 620602 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/165080"> ERG </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/165080"> 165080 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/22/389?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=389"> 22q13.31 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/619319"> Lymphatic malformation 9 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/619319"> 619319 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/604523"> CELSR1 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/604523"> 604523 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
Not Mapped
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/153200"> Lymphatic malformation 5 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/153200"> 153200 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/153200"> LMPHM5 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/153200"> 153200 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
<div class="text-right small">
|
|
<a href="#mimPhenotypicSeriesFold" data-toggle="collapse">▲ Close</a>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<br />
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</div>
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<div>
|
|
<a id="text" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h4 href="#mimTextFold" id="mimTextToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
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<span id="mimTextToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">▼</span>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<span class="mim-tip-floating" qtip_title="<strong>Looking For More References?</strong>" qtip_text="Click the 'reference plus' icon <span class='glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign'></span> at the end of each OMIM text paragraph to see more references related to the content of the preceding paragraph.">
|
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<strong>TEXT</strong>
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</span>
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</span>
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</h4>
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<div id="mimTextFold" class="collapse in ">
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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<p>A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that lymphatic malformation-3 (LMPHM3) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the GJC2 gene (<a href="/entry/608803">608803</a>) on chromosome 1q42.</p>
|
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</span>
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<div>
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<br />
|
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<a id="description" class="mim-anchor"></a>
|
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<h4 href="#mimDescriptionFold" id="mimDescriptionToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
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<span id="mimDescriptionToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">▼</span>
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<p>Hereditary primary lymphedema is caused by anatomic or functional defects in the lymphatic system, resulting in chronic swelling of body parts. There may be accompanying nail and skin changes, such as nail dysplasia or papillomatosis. Onset is usually at birth or in early childhood but can occur later, and the severity is variable (summary by <a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Gordon, K., Schulte, D., Brice, G., Simpson, M. A., Roukens, M. G., van Impel, A., Connell, F., Kalidas, K., Jeffery, S., Mortimer, P. S., Mansour, S., Schulte-Merker, S., Ostergaard, P. <strong>Mutation in vascular endothelial growth factor-C, a ligand for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3, is associated with autosomal dominant Milroy-like primary lymphedema.</strong> Circ. Res. 112: 956-960, 2013.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23410910/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23410910</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300350" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="23410910">Gordon et al., 2013</a> and <a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Balboa-Beltran, E., Fernandez-Seara, M. J., Perez-Munuzuri, A., Lago, R., Garcia-Magan, C., Couce, M. L., Sobrino, B., Amigo, J., Carracedo, A., Barros, F. <strong>A novel stop mutation in the vascular endothelial growth factor-C gene (VEGFC) results in Milroy-like disease.</strong> J. Med. Genet. 51: 475-478, 2014. Note: Erratum: J. Med. Genet. 52: 216 only, 2015.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24744435/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">24744435</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-102020" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="24744435">Balboa-Beltran et al., 2014</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=24744435+23410910" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lymphatic malformation, see <a href="/entry/153100">153100</a>.</p>
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<p><a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ferrell, R. E., Baty, C. J., Kimak, M. A., Karlsson, J. M., Lawrence, E. C., Franke-Snyder, M., Meriney, S. D., Feingold, E., Finegold, D. N. <strong>GJC2 missense mutations cause human lymphedema.</strong> Am. J. Hum. Genet. 86: 943-948, 2010.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20537300/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">20537300</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=20537300[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.010" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="20537300">Ferrell et al. (2010)</a> reported 2 unrelated families with autosomal dominant inheritance of lymphedema. In 1 family, age at onset ranged from before 1 year to 15 years. Affected individuals had onset of uncomplicated lymphedema of the lower limbs, and some later developed upper limb involvement. Four had recurrent skin infections. In the second family, age at onset was between 10 and 21 years, and 2 patients developed cellulitis. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=20537300" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ostergaard, P., Simpson, M. A., Brice, G., Mansour, S., Connell, F. C., Onoufriadis, A., Child, A. H., Hwang, J., Kalidas, K., Mortimer, P. S., Trembath, R., Jeffery, S. <strong>Rapid identification of mutations in GJC2 in primary lymphoedema using whole exome sequencing combined with linkage analysis with delineation of the phenotype.</strong> J. Med. Genet. 48: 251-255, 2011.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21266381/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">21266381</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2010.085563" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="21266381">Ostergaard et al. (2011)</a> reported 5 unrelated families with primary lymphedema. The age of initial presentation ranged from birth to 40 years, but most had onset in the first or second decade. Severity ranged from mild swelling below the knees to severe swelling of all 4 limbs. Severely affected individuals had multiple episodes of cellulitis. Lymph scans, when performed, showed impaired lymphatic drainage consistent with distal hypoplasia of the lymphatics and variable incompetence of the great saphenous vein. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=21266381" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p>The transmission pattern of primary lymphedema in the families reported by <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ferrell, R. E., Baty, C. J., Kimak, M. A., Karlsson, J. M., Lawrence, E. C., Franke-Snyder, M., Meriney, S. D., Feingold, E., Finegold, D. N. <strong>GJC2 missense mutations cause human lymphedema.</strong> Am. J. Hum. Genet. 86: 943-948, 2010.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20537300/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">20537300</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=20537300[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.010" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="20537300">Ferrell et al. (2010)</a> and <a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ostergaard, P., Simpson, M. A., Brice, G., Mansour, S., Connell, F. C., Onoufriadis, A., Child, A. H., Hwang, J., Kalidas, K., Mortimer, P. S., Trembath, R., Jeffery, S. <strong>Rapid identification of mutations in GJC2 in primary lymphoedema using whole exome sequencing combined with linkage analysis with delineation of the phenotype.</strong> J. Med. Genet. 48: 251-255, 2011.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21266381/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">21266381</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2010.085563" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="21266381">Ostergaard et al. (2011)</a> was consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=20537300+21266381" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p>By genomewide linkage analysis of a family with autosomal dominant primary lymphedema, <a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ostergaard, P., Simpson, M. A., Brice, G., Mansour, S., Connell, F. C., Onoufriadis, A., Child, A. H., Hwang, J., Kalidas, K., Mortimer, P. S., Trembath, R., Jeffery, S. <strong>Rapid identification of mutations in GJC2 in primary lymphoedema using whole exome sequencing combined with linkage analysis with delineation of the phenotype.</strong> J. Med. Genet. 48: 251-255, 2011.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21266381/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">21266381</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2010.085563" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="21266381">Ostergaard et al. (2011)</a> found linkage to a 16.1-Mb region on chromosome 1q42 between SNPs <a href="https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Variation/Summary?v=rs10494988;toggle_HGVS_names=open" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'dbSNP\', \'domain\': \'ensembl.org\'})">rs10494988</a> and <a href="https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Variation/Summary?v=rs1043909;toggle_HGVS_names=open" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'dbSNP\', \'domain\': \'ensembl.org\'})">rs1043909</a> (maximum lod score of 2.94). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=21266381" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p>In affected members of 2 large families with autosomal dominant hereditary lymphedema, <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ferrell, R. E., Baty, C. J., Kimak, M. A., Karlsson, J. M., Lawrence, E. C., Franke-Snyder, M., Meriney, S. D., Feingold, E., Finegold, D. N. <strong>GJC2 missense mutations cause human lymphedema.</strong> Am. J. Hum. Genet. 86: 943-948, 2010.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20537300/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">20537300</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=20537300[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.010" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="20537300">Ferrell et al. (2010)</a> identified 2 different heterozygous mutations in the GJC2 gene (<a href="/entry/608803#0009">608803.0009</a> and <a href="/entry/608803#0010">608803.0010</a>). Both mutations affected the extracellular domain. Incomplete penetrance was observed. <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ferrell, R. E., Baty, C. J., Kimak, M. A., Karlsson, J. M., Lawrence, E. C., Franke-Snyder, M., Meriney, S. D., Feingold, E., Finegold, D. N. <strong>GJC2 missense mutations cause human lymphedema.</strong> Am. J. Hum. Genet. 86: 943-948, 2010.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20537300/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">20537300</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=20537300[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.010" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="20537300">Ferrell et al. (2010)</a> hypothesized that the mutations might result in impaired channel activity, which could cause impaired coordination of pulsatile lymphatic flow. Four additional putative mutations in the GJC2 gene were identified in 4 smaller families with lymphedema; no functional studies were performed. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=20537300" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>By linkage analysis followed by whole-exome sequencing, <a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ostergaard, P., Simpson, M. A., Brice, G., Mansour, S., Connell, F. C., Onoufriadis, A., Child, A. H., Hwang, J., Kalidas, K., Mortimer, P. S., Trembath, R., Jeffery, S. <strong>Rapid identification of mutations in GJC2 in primary lymphoedema using whole exome sequencing combined with linkage analysis with delineation of the phenotype.</strong> J. Med. Genet. 48: 251-255, 2011.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21266381/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">21266381</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2010.085563" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="21266381">Ostergaard et al. (2011)</a> identified a heterozygous mutation in the GJC2 gene (S48L; <a href="/entry/608803#0011">608803.0011</a>) in 8 affected members of a family with autosomal dominant primary lymphedema. Genetic analysis of another affected family identified the same pathogenic mutation. Further sequencing of this gene in 19 unrelated individuals with lymphedema identified 3 with mutations in the GJC2 gene, 2 of whom also carried the S48L substitution. <a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ostergaard, P., Simpson, M. A., Brice, G., Mansour, S., Connell, F. C., Onoufriadis, A., Child, A. H., Hwang, J., Kalidas, K., Mortimer, P. S., Trembath, R., Jeffery, S. <strong>Rapid identification of mutations in GJC2 in primary lymphoedema using whole exome sequencing combined with linkage analysis with delineation of the phenotype.</strong> J. Med. Genet. 48: 251-255, 2011.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21266381/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">21266381</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2010.085563" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="21266381">Ostergaard et al. (2011)</a> concluded that mutations in GJC2 are a significant cause of autosomal dominant primary lymphedema. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=21266381" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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Balboa-Beltran, E., Fernandez-Seara, M. J., Perez-Munuzuri, A., Lago, R., Garcia-Magan, C., Couce, M. L., Sobrino, B., Amigo, J., Carracedo, A., Barros, F.
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<strong>A novel stop mutation in the vascular endothelial growth factor-C gene (VEGFC) results in Milroy-like disease.</strong>
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J. Med. Genet. 51: 475-478, 2014. Note: Erratum: J. Med. Genet. 52: 216 only, 2015.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24744435/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">24744435</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=24744435" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-102020" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Ferrell, R. E., Baty, C. J., Kimak, M. A., Karlsson, J. M., Lawrence, E. C., Franke-Snyder, M., Meriney, S. D., Feingold, E., Finegold, D. N.
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<strong>GJC2 missense mutations cause human lymphedema.</strong>
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Am. J. Hum. Genet. 86: 943-948, 2010.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20537300/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">20537300</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=20537300[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=20537300" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.010" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Gordon, K., Schulte, D., Brice, G., Simpson, M. A., Roukens, M. G., van Impel, A., Connell, F., Kalidas, K., Jeffery, S., Mortimer, P. S., Mansour, S., Schulte-Merker, S., Ostergaard, P.
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<strong>Mutation in vascular endothelial growth factor-C, a ligand for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3, is associated with autosomal dominant Milroy-like primary lymphedema.</strong>
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Circ. Res. 112: 956-960, 2013.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23410910/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23410910</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23410910" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300350" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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<a id="Ostergaard2011" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div class="">
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<p class="mim-text-font">
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Ostergaard, P., Simpson, M. A., Brice, G., Mansour, S., Connell, F. C., Onoufriadis, A., Child, A. H., Hwang, J., Kalidas, K., Mortimer, P. S., Trembath, R., Jeffery, S.
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<strong>Rapid identification of mutations in GJC2 in primary lymphoedema using whole exome sequencing combined with linkage analysis with delineation of the phenotype.</strong>
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J. Med. Genet. 48: 251-255, 2011.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21266381/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">21266381</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=21266381" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2010.085563" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-6">
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 8/10/2011
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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Cassandra L. Kniffin : 7/13/2010
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<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-6">
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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carol : 12/18/2018
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carol : 06/27/2017<br>carol : 05/12/2017<br>carol : 08/12/2016<br>carol : 08/12/2016<br>carol : 08/11/2016<br>carol : 08/04/2014<br>alopez : 7/29/2014<br>mcolton : 7/28/2014<br>terry : 10/5/2012<br>wwang : 8/16/2011<br>ckniffin : 8/10/2011<br>carol : 7/15/2010<br>wwang : 7/13/2010<br>ckniffin : 7/13/2010
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<span class="mim-font">
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<strong>#</strong> 613480
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LYMPHATIC MALFORMATION 3; LMPHM3
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<em>Alternative titles; symbols</em>
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LYMPHEDEMA, HEREDITARY, IC, FORMERLY; LMPH1C, FORMERLY
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<strong>ORPHA:</strong> 568051;
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<strong>DO:</strong> 0070208;
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<strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong>
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<table class="table table-bordered table-condensed small mim-table-padding">
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Location
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Phenotype
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Phenotype <br /> MIM number
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Inheritance
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Phenotype <br /> mapping key
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Gene/Locus
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Gene/Locus <br /> MIM number
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<span class="mim-font">
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1q42.13
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Lymphatic malformation 3
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<span class="mim-font">
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613480
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<span class="mim-font">
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Autosomal dominant
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<span class="mim-font">
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3
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GJC2
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<span class="mim-font">
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608803
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<strong>TEXT</strong>
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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<p>A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that lymphatic malformation-3 (LMPHM3) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the GJC2 gene (608803) on chromosome 1q42.</p>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<strong>Description</strong>
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</h4>
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</div>
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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<p>Hereditary primary lymphedema is caused by anatomic or functional defects in the lymphatic system, resulting in chronic swelling of body parts. There may be accompanying nail and skin changes, such as nail dysplasia or papillomatosis. Onset is usually at birth or in early childhood but can occur later, and the severity is variable (summary by Gordon et al., 2013 and Balboa-Beltran et al., 2014). </p><p>For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lymphatic malformation, see 153100.</p>
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<strong>Clinical Features</strong>
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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<p>Ferrell et al. (2010) reported 2 unrelated families with autosomal dominant inheritance of lymphedema. In 1 family, age at onset ranged from before 1 year to 15 years. Affected individuals had onset of uncomplicated lymphedema of the lower limbs, and some later developed upper limb involvement. Four had recurrent skin infections. In the second family, age at onset was between 10 and 21 years, and 2 patients developed cellulitis. </p><p>Ostergaard et al. (2011) reported 5 unrelated families with primary lymphedema. The age of initial presentation ranged from birth to 40 years, but most had onset in the first or second decade. Severity ranged from mild swelling below the knees to severe swelling of all 4 limbs. Severely affected individuals had multiple episodes of cellulitis. Lymph scans, when performed, showed impaired lymphatic drainage consistent with distal hypoplasia of the lymphatics and variable incompetence of the great saphenous vein. </p>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<strong>Inheritance</strong>
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</div>
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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<p>The transmission pattern of primary lymphedema in the families reported by Ferrell et al. (2010) and Ostergaard et al. (2011) was consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. </p>
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<div>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<strong>Mapping</strong>
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</span>
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</h4>
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</div>
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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<p>By genomewide linkage analysis of a family with autosomal dominant primary lymphedema, Ostergaard et al. (2011) found linkage to a 16.1-Mb region on chromosome 1q42 between SNPs rs10494988 and rs1043909 (maximum lod score of 2.94). </p>
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<div>
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<h4>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<strong>Molecular Genetics</strong>
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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<p>In affected members of 2 large families with autosomal dominant hereditary lymphedema, Ferrell et al. (2010) identified 2 different heterozygous mutations in the GJC2 gene (608803.0009 and 608803.0010). Both mutations affected the extracellular domain. Incomplete penetrance was observed. Ferrell et al. (2010) hypothesized that the mutations might result in impaired channel activity, which could cause impaired coordination of pulsatile lymphatic flow. Four additional putative mutations in the GJC2 gene were identified in 4 smaller families with lymphedema; no functional studies were performed. </p><p>By linkage analysis followed by whole-exome sequencing, Ostergaard et al. (2011) identified a heterozygous mutation in the GJC2 gene (S48L; 608803.0011) in 8 affected members of a family with autosomal dominant primary lymphedema. Genetic analysis of another affected family identified the same pathogenic mutation. Further sequencing of this gene in 19 unrelated individuals with lymphedema identified 3 with mutations in the GJC2 gene, 2 of whom also carried the S48L substitution. Ostergaard et al. (2011) concluded that mutations in GJC2 are a significant cause of autosomal dominant primary lymphedema. </p>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
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</span>
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</h4>
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<div>
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<p />
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<ol>
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Balboa-Beltran, E., Fernandez-Seara, M. J., Perez-Munuzuri, A., Lago, R., Garcia-Magan, C., Couce, M. L., Sobrino, B., Amigo, J., Carracedo, A., Barros, F.
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<strong>A novel stop mutation in the vascular endothelial growth factor-C gene (VEGFC) results in Milroy-like disease.</strong>
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J. Med. Genet. 51: 475-478, 2014. Note: Erratum: J. Med. Genet. 52: 216 only, 2015.
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[PubMed: 24744435]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-102020]
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Ferrell, R. E., Baty, C. J., Kimak, M. A., Karlsson, J. M., Lawrence, E. C., Franke-Snyder, M., Meriney, S. D., Feingold, E., Finegold, D. N.
|
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<strong>GJC2 missense mutations cause human lymphedema.</strong>
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Am. J. Hum. Genet. 86: 943-948, 2010.
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[PubMed: 20537300]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.010]
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<p class="mim-text-font">
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Gordon, K., Schulte, D., Brice, G., Simpson, M. A., Roukens, M. G., van Impel, A., Connell, F., Kalidas, K., Jeffery, S., Mortimer, P. S., Mansour, S., Schulte-Merker, S., Ostergaard, P.
|
|
<strong>Mutation in vascular endothelial growth factor-C, a ligand for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3, is associated with autosomal dominant Milroy-like primary lymphedema.</strong>
|
|
Circ. Res. 112: 956-960, 2013.
|
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|
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[PubMed: 23410910]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300350]
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<p class="mim-text-font">
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Ostergaard, P., Simpson, M. A., Brice, G., Mansour, S., Connell, F. C., Onoufriadis, A., Child, A. H., Hwang, J., Kalidas, K., Mortimer, P. S., Trembath, R., Jeffery, S.
|
|
<strong>Rapid identification of mutations in GJC2 in primary lymphoedema using whole exome sequencing combined with linkage analysis with delineation of the phenotype.</strong>
|
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J. Med. Genet. 48: 251-255, 2011.
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[PubMed: 21266381]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2010.085563]
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-2 col-xs-2">
|
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<span class="text-nowrap mim-text-font">
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Contributors:
|
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</span>
|
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</div>
|
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<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-6">
|
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 8/10/2011
|
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<br />
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</div>
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<div>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-2 col-xs-2">
|
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<span class="text-nowrap mim-text-font">
|
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Creation Date:
|
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</span>
|
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</div>
|
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<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-6">
|
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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Cassandra L. Kniffin : 7/13/2010
|
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</span>
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</div>
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