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Entry
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- #613406 - WITTEVEEN-KOLK SYNDROME; WITKOS
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- OMIM
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<p>
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<span class="h4">#613406</span>
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<br />
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<strong>Table of Contents</strong>
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<a href="#title"><strong>Title</strong></a>
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<a href="#phenotypeMap"><strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong></a>
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<a href="/clinicalSynopsis/613406"><strong>Clinical Synopsis</strong></a>
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<a href="#text"><strong>Text</strong></a>
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<a href="#description">Description</a>
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<a href="#clinicalFeatures">Clinical Features</a>
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<a href="#diagnosis">Diagnosis</a>
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<a href="#cytogenetics">Cytogenetics</a>
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<a href="#molecularGenetics">Molecular Genetics</a>
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<a href="#animalModel">Animal Model</a>
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<a href="#references"><strong>References</strong></a>
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<a href="#contributors"><strong>Contributors</strong></a>
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<a href="#creationDate"><strong>Creation Date</strong></a>
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<a href="#editHistory"><strong>Edit History</strong></a>
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<div style="display: table-cell;">External Links</div>
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</a>
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</h4>
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<div style="display: table-row">
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<div id="mimClinicalResourcesLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5; display: table-cell;">▼</div>
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<div style="display: table-cell;">Clinical Resources</div>
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<div><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=(WITTEVEEN-KOLK SYNDROME) OR (SIN3A)" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Clinical Trials" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Clinical Trials', 'domain': 'clinicaltrials.gov'})">Clinical Trials</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://decipher.sanger.ac.uk/syndrome/66" class="mim-tip-hint" title="DECIPHER" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'DECIPHER', 'domain': 'DECIPHER'})">DECIPHER</a></div>
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<div><a href="#mimEuroGentestFold" id="mimEuroGentestToggle" data-toggle="collapse" class="mim-tip-hint mimTriangleToggle" title="A list of European laboratories that offer genetic testing."><span id="mimEuroGentestToggleTriangle" class="small" style="margin-left: -0.8em;">►</span>EuroGentest</div>
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<div id="mimEuroGentestFold" class="collapse">
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<div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/ClinicalLabs_Search_Simple.php?lng=EN&LnkId=26002&Typ=Pat" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'EuroGentest', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">Witteveen-Kolk syndrome </a></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/ClinicalLabs_Search_Simple.php?lng=EN&LnkId=26003&Typ=Pat" title="SIN3-related intellectual disability syndrome due to a point mutation" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'EuroGentest', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">SIN3-related intellectual … </a></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/ClinicalLabs_Search_Simple.php?lng=EN&LnkId=12546&Typ=Pat" title="15q24 microdeletion syndrome" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'EuroGentest', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">15q24 microdeletion syndro… </a></div>
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<div><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/15q24-microdeletion" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Consumer-friendly information about the effects of genetic variation on human health." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MedlinePlus Genetics', 'domain': 'medlineplus.gov'})">MedlinePlus Genetics</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/all/tests/?term=613406[mim]" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Genetic Testing Registry." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'GTR', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">GTR</a></div>
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<div><a href="#mimOrphanetFold" id="mimOrphanetToggle" data-toggle="collapse" class="mim-tip-hint mimTriangleToggle" title="European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs."><span id="mimOrphanetToggleTriangle" class="small" style="margin-left: -0.8em;">►</span>Orphanet</div>
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<div id="mimOrphanetFold" class="collapse">
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<div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=500163" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'OrphaNet', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">Witteveen-Kolk syndrome</a></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=500166" title="SIN3-related intellectual disability syndrome due to a point mutation" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'OrphaNet', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">SIN3-related intellectual …</a></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=94065" title="15q24 microdeletion syndrome" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'OrphaNet', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">15q24 microdeletion syndro…</a></div>
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</div>
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<div><a href="https://www.possumcore.com/nuxeo/nxdoc/default/803f44b2-baca-4f37-8d51-7745962d8968/view_documents?source=omim" class="mim-tip-hint" title="A dysmorphology database of multiple malformations; metabolic, teratogenic, chromosomal, and skeletal syndromes; and their images." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'POSSUM', 'domain': 'possum.net.au'})">POSSUM</a></div>
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<span class="panel-title">
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<span class="small">
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<a href="#mimAnimalModelsLinksFold" id="mimAnimalModelsLinksToggle" class="collapsed mimSingletonTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#mimExternalLinksAccordion">
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<div style="display: table-row">
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<div id="mimAnimalModelsLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5; display: table-cell;">►</div>
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<div style="display: table-cell;">Animal Models</div>
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</a>
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<div class="panel-body small mim-panel-body">
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<div><a href="https://www.alliancegenome.org/disease/DOID:0060395" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Search Across Species; explore model organism and human comparative genomics." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Alliance Genome', 'domain': 'alliancegenome.org'})">Alliance Genome</a></div>
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<div><a href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/disease/613406" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Phenotypes, alleles, and disease models from Mouse Genome Informatics." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MGI Mouse Phenotype', 'domain': 'informatics.jax.org'})">MGI Mouse Phenotype</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://wormbase.org/resources/disease/DOID:0060395" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Database of the biology and genome of Caenorhabditis elegans and related nematodes." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Wormbase Disease Ontology', 'domain': 'wormbase.org'})">Wormbase Disease Ontology</a></div>
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<span>
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<span class="mim-tip-bottom" qtip_title="<strong>Looking for this gene or this phenotype in other resources?</strong>" qtip_text="Select a related resource from the dropdown menu and click for a targeted link to information directly relevant.">
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<a id="title" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<a id="number" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div class="text-right">
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<a href="#" class="mim-tip-icd" qtip_title="<strong>ICD+</strong>" qtip_text="
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<strong>SNOMEDCT:</strong> 1187122000<br />
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<strong>ORPHA:</strong> 500163, 500166, 94065<br />
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<strong>DO:</strong> 0060395<br />
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">ICD+</a>
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<span class="h3">
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<span class="mim-font mim-tip-hint" title="Phenotype description, molecular basis known">
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<span class="text-danger"><strong>#</strong></span>
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613406
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</span>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div>
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<a id="preferredTitle" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h3>
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<span class="mim-font">
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WITTEVEEN-KOLK SYNDROME; WITKOS
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</span>
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</h3>
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</div>
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<div>
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<br />
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<a id="includedTitles" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<p>
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<span class="mim-font">
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Other entities represented in this entry:
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</span>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div>
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<span class="h3 mim-font">
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CHROMOSOME 15q24 DELETION SYNDROME, INCLUDED
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<span class="h4 mim-font">
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CHROMOSOME 15q24 DUPLICATION SYNDROME, INCLUDED
|
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<br />
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<a id="phenotypeMap" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h4>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong>
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</span>
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</h4>
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</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
Phenotype
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
Phenotype <br /> MIM number
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
Inheritance
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
Phenotype <br /> mapping key
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
Gene/Locus
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
Gene/Locus <br /> MIM number
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/15/398?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=398">
|
|
15q24.2
|
|
</a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
Witteveen-Kolk syndrome
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/613406"> 613406 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
SIN3A
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/607776"> 607776 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="btn-group ">
|
|
<a href="/clinicalSynopsis/613406" class="btn btn-warning" role="button"> Clinical Synopsis </a>
|
|
<button type="button" id="mimPhenotypicSeriesToggle" class="btn btn-warning dropdown-toggle mimSingletonFoldToggle" data-toggle="collapse" href="#mimClinicalSynopsisFold" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Unfurl', 'ClinicalSynopsis', 'omim.org')">
|
|
<span class="caret"></span>
|
|
<span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="btn-group">
|
|
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
PheneGene Graphics <span class="caret"></span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
<ul class="dropdown-menu" style="width: 17em;">
|
|
<li><a href="/graph/linear/613406" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_graph', {'destination': 'Linear'})"> Linear </a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/graph/radial/613406" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_graph', {'destination': 'Radial'})"> Radial </a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign mim-tip-hint" title="OMIM PheneGene graphics depict relationships between phenotypes, groups of related phenotypes (Phenotypic Series), and genes.<br /><a href='/static/omim/pdf/OMIM_Graphics.pdf' target='_blank'>A quick reference overview and guide (PDF)</a>"></span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<p />
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="mimClinicalSynopsisFold" class="well well-sm collapse mimSingletonToggleFold">
|
|
<div class="small" style="margin: 5px">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> INHERITANCE </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Autosomal dominant <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/263681008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">263681008</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/771269000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">771269000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0443147&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0443147</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1867440&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1867440</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000006</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000006</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> GROWTH </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Height </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Short stature <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/422065006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">422065006</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/237836003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">237836003</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/237837007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">237837007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/E34.31" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">E34.31</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/R62.52" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">R62.52</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/783.43" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">783.43</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0349588&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0349588</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0013336&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0013336</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003510" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003510</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0004322" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0004322</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0004322" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0004322</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Weight </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Low birth weight <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/276610007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">276610007</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/267258002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">267258002</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0024032&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0024032</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001518" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001518</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001518" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001518</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Obesity (less common) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/414915002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">414915002</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/414916001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">414916001</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/E66.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">E66.9</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/278.00" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">278.00</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0028754&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0028754</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4759928&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4759928</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001513" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001513</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001513" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001513</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Other </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Intrauterine growth retardation <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/22033007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">22033007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/764.90" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">764.90</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/764.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">764.9</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0015934&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0015934</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001511" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001511</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001511" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001511</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Poor postnatal growth <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1852375&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1852375</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> HEAD & NECK </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Head </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- High forehead <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0239676&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0239676</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000348" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000348</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000348" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000348</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=1ed202dc7ca7d5b2c5e34a787d713dec" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Hairline,High_Anterior-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=1ed202dc7ca7d5b2c5e34a787d713dec" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
|
|
Microcephaly <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/1148757008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">1148757008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q02" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q02</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/742.1" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">742.1</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4551563&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4551563</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0025958&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0025958</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000252</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000252</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=0584d323b99dcd7001cc50e224947aca" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Microcephaly-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=0584d323b99dcd7001cc50e224947aca" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Face </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Long philtrum <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1865014&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1865014</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000343" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000343</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000343" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000343</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=6e8169f9668cf95ffe7aad93a28f672b" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Philtrum,Long-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=6e8169f9668cf95ffe7aad93a28f672b" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
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Smooth philtrum <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1142533&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1142533</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000319" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000319</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000319" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000319</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=64d497514ce8c2250bd637c9cb83892d" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Philtrum,Smooth-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=64d497514ce8c2250bd637c9cb83892d" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
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Microretrognathia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1839546&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1839546</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000308" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000308</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000308" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000308</a>]</span><br /> -
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Facial asymmetry <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/13851000119109" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">13851000119109</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/15253005" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">15253005</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q67.0" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q67.0</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1306710&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1306710</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0546952&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0546952</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000324" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000324</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000324" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000324</a>]</span><br /> -
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Long face <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1836047&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1836047</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000276" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000276</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000276" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000276</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=729bf273c6a346c2f07ab0965824ffb2" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Face,Long-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=729bf273c6a346c2f07ab0965824ffb2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br />
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div>
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
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<em> Ears </em>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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<span class="mim-font">
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- Large ears <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/275480001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">275480001</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0554972&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0554972</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000400" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000400</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000400" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000400</a>]</span><br /> -
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Cupped ears <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1845447&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1845447</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000378" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000378</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000378" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000378</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=11e133b247a1693a43bc091f867a7615" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Ear,Cupped-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=11e133b247a1693a43bc091f867a7615" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br />
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div>
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
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<em> Eyes </em>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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<span class="mim-font">
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- Hypertelorism <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/22006008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">22006008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q75.2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q75.2</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/376.41" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">376.41</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0020534&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0020534</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000316" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000316</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000316" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000316</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=593a4d488f00bb03351a0ddffaf4ac9a" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Eyes,Widely_Spaced-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=593a4d488f00bb03351a0ddffaf4ac9a" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
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Downslanting palpebral fissures <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/246800008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">246800008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0423110&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0423110</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000494" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000494</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000494" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000494</a>]</span><br /> -
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Strabismus <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/22066006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">22066006</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H50.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H50.9</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H50.40" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H50.40</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0038379&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0038379</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C2020541&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C2020541</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1423541&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1423541</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000486" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000486</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000486" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000486</a>]</span><br /> -
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Microphthalmia, mild <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3278827&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3278827</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/204108000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">204108000</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/61142002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">61142002</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q11.2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q11.2</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/743.1" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">743.1</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/743.10" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">743.10</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/743.11" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">743.11</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000568" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000568</a>]</span><br /> -
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Epicanthal folds <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/74824007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">74824007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0678230&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0678230</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0229249&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0229249</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000286" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000286</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000286" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000286</a>]</span><br /> -
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Hypopigmentation of the iris <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/247032003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">247032003</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0154920&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0154920</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0007730" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0007730</a>]</span><br />
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div>
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
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<em> Nose </em>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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<span class="mim-font">
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|
- High nasal bridge <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1854113&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1854113</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000426" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000426</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000426" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000426</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=25fd1a02ef10b4687f73378521b408f6" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Nasal_Bridge,Prominent-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=25fd1a02ef10b4687f73378521b408f6" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
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Broad nasal bridge <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/249321001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">249321001</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1849367&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1849367</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000431" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000431</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000431" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000431</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=3f6587f50506c9d70db0628b3fa5f2c5" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Nasal_Bridge,Wide-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=3f6587f50506c9d70db0628b3fa5f2c5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
|
|
Depressed nasal bridge <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1836542&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1836542</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0005280" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0005280</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0005280" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0005280</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=7043769fd21a78a413fd758918cdda17" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Nasal_Bridge,Depressed-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=7043769fd21a78a413fd758918cdda17" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
|
|
Flaring of nasal alae <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/248568003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">248568003</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/21558008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">21558008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0277873&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0277873</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0030863" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0030863</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000454" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000454</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Wide, short nose <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1850353&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1850353</a>]</span><br />
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div>
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
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<em> Mouth </em>
|
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</span>
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</div>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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<span class="mim-font">
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- Small mouth <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/14582003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">14582003</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q18.5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q18.5</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/744.84" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">744.84</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0026034&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0026034</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000160" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000160</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000160" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000160</a>]</span><br /> -
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Full lower lip <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C2053437&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C2053437</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000179" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000179</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000179" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000179</a>]</span><br /> -
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High arched palate <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/27272007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">27272007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q38.5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q38.5</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0240635&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0240635</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000218" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000218</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000218" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000218</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=c606b0119d4a894ebd5ee0242c136e29" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Palate,High-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=c606b0119d4a894ebd5ee0242c136e29" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
|
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Open mouth <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/262016004" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">262016004</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0240379&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0240379</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4285242&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4285242</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000194" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000194</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000194" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000194</a>]</span><br />
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div>
|
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> CHEST </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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<div>
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<div>
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Diaphragm </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Diaphragmatic hernia (less common) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/17190001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">17190001</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/39839004" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">39839004</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q79.0" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q79.0</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/K44.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">K44.9</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/K44" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">K44</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/553.3" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">553.3</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0235833&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0235833</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0494752&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0494752</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0019284&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0019284</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000776" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000776</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000776" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000776</a>]</span><br />
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|
</span>
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|
</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> GENITOURINARY </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
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|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> External Genitalia (Male) </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Hypospadias <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/204888000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">204888000</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/416010008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">416010008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q54.1" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q54.1</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q54.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q54.9</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q54" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q54</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/752.61" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">752.61</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0848558&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0848558</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1691215&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1691215</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003244" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003244</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000047" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000047</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000047" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000047</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Microphallus <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/276333003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">276333003</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/4801002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">4801002</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0240701&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0240701</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0321997&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0321997</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0030260" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0030260</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0030260" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0030260</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Cryptorchidism <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/204878001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">204878001</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q53.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q53.9</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/752.51" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">752.51</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0010417&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0010417</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C5441920&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C5441920</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000028" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000028</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000028" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000028</a>]</span><br />
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
|
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<div>
|
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> SKELETAL </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
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<div>
|
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<span class="mim-font">
|
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|
|
- Joint laxity <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/298203008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">298203008</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/788453008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">788453008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1862377&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1862377</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0086437&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0086437</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001382" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001382</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001382" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001382</a>]</span><br />
|
|
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|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
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<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Spine </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Scoliosis <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/298382003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">298382003</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/20944008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">20944008</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/111266001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">111266001</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/M41.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">M41.9</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/M41" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">M41</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q67.5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q67.5</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0559260&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0559260</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0036439&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0036439</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0700208&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0700208</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002650" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002650</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002650" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002650</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
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<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Hands </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Digital abnormalities, variable <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3278828&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3278828</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Brachydactyly <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/43476002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">43476002</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0221357&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0221357</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001156" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001156</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001156" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001156</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Hypoplastic thumbs <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/253936008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">253936008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0431890&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0431890</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0009778" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0009778</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0009778" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0009778</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Proximally implanted thumbs <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3278829&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3278829</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Clinodactyly <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/17268007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">17268007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4551485&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4551485</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0030084" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0030084</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0030084" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0030084</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=6c6553591f42fb5585fec835d3e3bab3" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Clinodactyly-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=6c6553591f42fb5585fec835d3e3bab3" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
|
|
Long, slender fingers <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/62250003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">62250003</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0003706&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0003706</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001166" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001166</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001519" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001519</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001166" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001166</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Feet </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Abnormal insertion of the toes <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3278830&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3278830</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> SKIN, NAILS, & HAIR </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Hair </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Thin hair <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/247546006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">247546006</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0423867&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0423867</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002213" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002213</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002213" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002213</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
High anterior hairline <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3276036&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3276036</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0009890" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0009890</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0009890" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0009890</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=1ed202dc7ca7d5b2c5e34a787d713dec" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Hairline,High_Anterior-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=1ed202dc7ca7d5b2c5e34a787d713dec" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
|
|
Broad medial eyebrows that taper laterally <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3278831&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3278831</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> MUSCLE, SOFT TISSUES </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Loose connective tissue <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/68477002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">68477002</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0225343&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0225343</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1253917&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1253917</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> NEUROLOGIC </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Central Nervous System </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Delayed development <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/248290002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">248290002</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/224958001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">224958001</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/F88" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">F88</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/315.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">315.9</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0557874&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0557874</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0424605&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0424605</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001263" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001263</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001263" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001263</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Intellectual disability, mild <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/86765009" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">86765009</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/F70" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">F70</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/317" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">317</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0026106&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0026106</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001256" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001256</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001256" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001256</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Mental retardation <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/228156007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">228156007</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/110359009" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">110359009</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/317-319.99" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">317-319.99</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3714756&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3714756</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0025362&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0025362</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001249" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001249</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001249" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001249</a>]</span><br /> -
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Hypotonia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/398151007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">398151007</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/398152000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">398152000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0026827&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0026827</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1858120&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1858120</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001290" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001290</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001252</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001252</a>]</span><br /> -
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Seizures (rare) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/91175000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">91175000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0036572&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0036572</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001250" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001250</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001250" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001250</a>]</span><br /> -
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Cortical abnormalities <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4314842&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4314842</a>]</span><br /> -
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Enlarged ventricles <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3278923&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3278923</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002119" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002119</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002119" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002119</a>]</span><br /> -
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Thin corpus callosum <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C5441562&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C5441562</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0033725" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0033725</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0033725" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0033725</a>]</span><br />
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div>
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
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<em> Behavioral Psychiatric Manifestations </em>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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<span class="mim-font">
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- Attention deficit <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/7461003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">7461003</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/406506008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">406506008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/F90" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">F90</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/F90.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">F90.9</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/314.01" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">314.01</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/314" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">314</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/314.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">314.9</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0041671&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0041671</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1263846&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1263846</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000752" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000752</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0007018" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0007018</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0007018" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0007018</a>]</span><br /> -
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Hyperactivity <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/44548000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">44548000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0424295&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0424295</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000752" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000752</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000752" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000752</a>]</span><br /> -
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Autistic features <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1846135&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1846135</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000729" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000729</a>]</span><br /> -
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Aggression <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/61372001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">61372001</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0001807&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0001807</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0006919" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0006919</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000718" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000718</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000718" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000718</a>]</span><br />
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div>
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
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<strong> ENDOCRINE FEATURES </strong>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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<div>
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<span class="mim-font">
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- Growth hormone deficiency (2 patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/397827003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">397827003</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/2109003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">2109003</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0271561&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0271561</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3714796&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3714796</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0034323" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0034323</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0034323" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0034323</a>]</span><br /> -
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Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (1 patient) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/22053006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">22053006</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/33927004" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">33927004</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/405769009" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">405769009</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/E23.0" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">E23.0</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q98.0" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q98.0</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q98.4" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q98.4</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/758.7" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">758.7</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0271623&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0271623</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0022735&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0022735</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000044" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000044</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000044" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000044</a>]</span><br />
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</span>
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<div>
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<div>
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
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<strong> MISCELLANEOUS </strong>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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<div>
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<span class="mim-font">
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- Variable phenotype <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1837514&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1837514</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003812" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003812</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003812" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003812</a>]</span><br /> -
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Caused by a de novo heterozygous gene deletion syndrome at chromosome 15q24 (in some patients)<br />
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</span>
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<div>
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<div>
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
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<strong> MOLECULAR BASIS </strong>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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<div>
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<span class="mim-font">
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- Caused by mutation in the SIN3, yeast, homolog of, A gene (SIN3A, <a href="/entry/607776#0001">607776.0001</a>)<br />
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<div class="text-right">
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<a href="#mimClinicalSynopsisFold" data-toggle="collapse">▲ Close</a>
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<br />
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<a id="text" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h4 href="#mimTextFold" id="mimTextToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
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<span id="mimTextToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">▼</span>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<span class="mim-tip-floating" qtip_title="<strong>Looking For More References?</strong>" qtip_text="Click the 'reference plus' icon <span class='glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign'></span> at the end of each OMIM text paragraph to see more references related to the content of the preceding paragraph.">
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<strong>TEXT</strong>
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<p>A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that Witteveen-Kolk syndrome (WITKOS) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the SIN3A gene (<a href="/entry/607776">607776</a>) on chromosome 15q24.</p><p>Some patients with a similar disorder have a contiguous gene deletion syndrome (chr15:72.15-73.85 Mb, NCBI36) or a contiguous gene duplication syndrome that include the SIN3A gene.</p>
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<p>Witteveen-Kolk syndrome (WITKOS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with characteristic distinctive facial features, microcephaly, short stature, and mildly impaired intellectual development with delayed cognitive and motor development and subtle anomalies on MRI-brain imaging (summary by <a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Balasubramanian, M., Dingemans, A. J. M., Albaba, S., Richardson, R., Yates, T. M., Cox, H., Douzgou, S., Armstrong, R., Sansbury, F. H., Burke, K. B., Fry, A. E., Ragge, N., and 27 others. <strong>Comprehensive study of 28 individuals with SIN3A-related disorder underscoring the associated mild cognitive and distinctive facial phenotype.</strong> Europ. J. Hum. Genet. 29: 625-636, 2021.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33437032/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">33437032</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=33437032[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-020-00769-7" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="33437032">Balasubramanian et al., 2021</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=33437032" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p><a href="#11" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Witteveen, J. S., Willemsen, M. H., Dombroski, T. C. D., van Bakel, N. H. M., Nillesen, W. M., van Hulten, J. A., Jansen, E. J. R., Verkaik, D., Veenstra,-Knol, H. E., van Ravenswaaij-Arts, C. M. A., Wassink-Ruiter, J. S. K., Vincent, M., and 17 others. <strong>Haploinsufficiency of MeCP2-interacting transcriptional co-repressor SIN3A causes mild intellectual disability by affecting the development of cortical integrity.</strong> Nature Genet. 48: 877-887, 2016.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27399968/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">27399968</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3619" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="27399968">Witteveen et al. (2016)</a> reported 6 patients from 2 unrelated families and 3 singleton patients with intellectual disability and common dysmorphic facial features. Most of the patients were children, ranging in age from 4 to 16 years, but there was a mildly affected parent in each of the 2 families. The patients had mild intellectual disability with delayed development and speech delay, although some had normal motor and speech development. Several had autistic behavior and 2 had well-controlled seizures. Dysmorphic features included broad forehead, long face, downslanting palpebral fissures, flat or depressed nasal bridge, large fleshy ears, long and smooth philtrum, small mouth, and pointed chin. Additional variable features included short stature, microcephaly, joint hypermotility, and small hands and feet. Brain imaging showed dilated ventricles, thin corpus callosum and, in some cases, dysgyria or polymicrogyria. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=27399968" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#8" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Narumi-Kishimoto, Y., Araki, N., Migita, O., Kawai, T., Okamura, K., Nakabayashi, K., Kaname, T., Ozawa, Y., Ozawa, H., Takada, F., Hata, K. <strong>Novel SIN3A mutation identified in a Japanese patient with Witteveen-Kolk syndrome.</strong> Europ. J. Med. Genet. 62: 103547, 2019.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30267900/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">30267900</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.09.014" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="30267900">Narumi-Kishimoto et al. (2019)</a> reported a 7-year-old Japanese girl with a SIN3A mutation who was diagnosed with speech delay at 3 years of age. At age 5 years, she was diagnosed with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and poor motor coordination. At age 6 years and 7 months, she had normal height, weight, and head circumference. Facial features included a long face, depressed nasal bridge, and downslanting palpebral fissures. She had small hands and fifth finger clinodactyly. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=30267900" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Balasubramanian, M., Dingemans, A. J. M., Albaba, S., Richardson, R., Yates, T. M., Cox, H., Douzgou, S., Armstrong, R., Sansbury, F. H., Burke, K. B., Fry, A. E., Ragge, N., and 27 others. <strong>Comprehensive study of 28 individuals with SIN3A-related disorder underscoring the associated mild cognitive and distinctive facial phenotype.</strong> Europ. J. Hum. Genet. 29: 625-636, 2021.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33437032/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">33437032</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=33437032[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-020-00769-7" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="33437032">Balasubramanian et al. (2021)</a> reported clinical features in 28 patients, aged 0.6 to 67 years (average, 8.2 years), with mutation in the SIN3A gene. Fifteen of the patients had global developmental delay. Of 16 patients aged 8 years and older, 7 had mild intellectual disability, 4 had moderate intellectual disability, 1 had severe intellectual disability, and 4 did not have cognitive impairment. Three of 23 patients aged 2 years and older were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, and 4 patients were diagnosed with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thirteen patients had small head size, 8 patients had low weight, and 5 patients had short stature. Fifteen patients had feeding difficulties. Fourteen patients were reported to have facial dysmorphism, including a broad and tall forehead, small mouth, thin upper lip, and downslanting palpebral fissures. Of 9 patients who had brain imaging, ventriculomegaly was seen in 2, hypoplastic/dysplastic corpus callosum was seen in 2, cerebellar atrophy was identified in 2, and Chiari 1 malformation was seen in 1. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=33437032" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><strong><em>Chromosome 15q24 Deletion Syndrome</em></strong></p><p>
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<a href="#6" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Formiga, L. de F., Poenaru, L., Couronne, F., Flori, E., Eibel, J. L., Deminatti, M. M., Savary, J. B., Lai, J. L., Gilgenkrantz, S., Pierson, M. <strong>Interstitial deletion of chromosome 15: two cases.</strong> Hum. Genet. 80: 401-404, 1988.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3198122/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">3198122</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00273663" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="3198122">Formiga et al. (1988)</a> reported 2 unrelated patients with an interstitial deletion of chromosome 15q. The first child showed intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, severe psychomotor retardation, and dysmorphic facial features, including microcephaly, slight microphthalmia, hypertelorism, slanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, strabismus, hypopigmented irides, short nose, microretrognathia with open mouth and high-arched palate, and large ears. She also had abnormal insertion of several toes. Karyotype analysis showed a deletion of chromosome 15q22-q25. The second child had severe psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, and similar facial dysmorphism with small, slanting palpebral fissures, microphthalmia, large ears, hypopigmented irides, and microretrognathia with open mouth and arched palate. She had clinodactyly, abnormal insertion of the toes, and cardiovascular abnormalities, consisting of septal hypertrophy with dilatation of the aorta and pulmonary artery. Karyotype analysis showed a deletion of chromosome 15q21-q24. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=3198122" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Bettelheim, D., Hengstschlager, M., Drahonsky, R., Eppel, W., Bernaschek, G. <strong>Two cases of prenatally diagnosed diaphragmatic hernia accompanied by the same undescribed chromosomal deletion (15q24 de novo). (Letter)</strong> Clin. Genet. 53: 319-320, 1998.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9650775/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">9650775</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.1998.tb02706.x" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="9650775">Bettelheim et al. (1998)</a> reported 2 unrelated fetuses with significant left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia detected by ultrasound. One died in utero, and the other died 10 minutes after birth. Karyotype analysis showed a de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 15q24 in the first and a deletion of chromosome 15q24-qter in the second. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=9650775" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Cushman, L. J., Torres-Martinez, W., Cherry, A. M., Manning, M. A., Abdul-Rahman, O., Anderson, C. E., Punnett, H. H., Thurston, V. C., Sweeney, D., Vance, G. H. <strong>A report of three patients with an interstitial deletion of chromosome 15q24.</strong> Am. J. Med. Genet. 137A: 65-71, 2005.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16007617/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">16007617</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.30836" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="16007617">Cushman et al. (2005)</a> reported 3 patients with interstitial deletions involving chromosome 15q24, including 2 with cryptic deletions and 1 with a cytogenetically visible deletion of chromosome 15q22.3-q24. All had global developmental delay and hypotonia. The 2 males had hypogonadism. Two patients were reported to have dysmorphic facial features, including epicanthal folds, strabismus, micrognathia, and cupped or notched ears, as well as digital anomalies, such as clinodactyly and tapering of the fingers. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=16007617" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#9" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Sharp, A. J., Selzer, R. R., Veltman, J. A., Gimelli, S., Gimelli, G., Striano, P., Coppola, A., Regan, R., Price, S. M., Knoers, N. V., Eis, P. S., Brunner, H. G., Hennekam, R. C., Knight, S. J. L., de Vries, B. B. A., Zuffardi, O., Eichler, E. E. <strong>Characterization of a recurrent 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.</strong> Hum. Molec. Genet. 16: 567-572, 2007.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17360722/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">17360722</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddm016" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="17360722">Sharp et al. (2007)</a> reported 4 unrelated boys with mild to moderate developmental delay and dysmorphic facial features who were each heterozygous for a deletion at chromosome 15q24. Three had low birth weight, short stature, and microcephaly. Dysmorphic features included high anterior hairline, hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, broadening of the medial eyebrows, broad nasal base with flaring of the alae nasi, long smooth philtrum, and full lower lip. Three had joint laxity, 2 had scoliosis, and 3 had hypospadias. All had digital anomalies, such as long slender fingers and proximally implanted thumbs. Two had growth hormone deficiency; the other 2 were not tested. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=17360722" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#10" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Van Esch, H., Backx, L., Pijkels, E., Fryns, J.-P. <strong>Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is part of the new 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.</strong> Europ. J. Med. Genet. 52: 153-156, 2009.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19233321/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">19233321</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2009.02.003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="19233321">Van Esch et al. (2009)</a> reported a 33-year-old man with severe mental retardation and a chromosome 15q24 microdeletion. Hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, and large ears were noted in infancy. He had delayed psychomotor development and hypotonia. As a child, he had hyperactive behavior and showed aggressive outbursts, requiring institutionalization. At age 33, he was found to have a congenital diaphragmatic hernia of the Morgagni type. Dysmorphic features at that time included obesity, strabismus, downslanting palpebral fissures, long face with high forehead, long philtrum, and high-arched palate. He also had small genitals and unilateral cryptorchidism. Cytogenetic and array CGH analysis detected a de novo 3.1-Mb deletion at chromosome 15q24 with breakpoints within segmental duplication clusters. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=19233321" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="El-Hattab, A. W., Smolarek, T. A., Walker, M. E., Schorry, E. K., Immken, L. L., Patel, G., Abbott, M.-A., Lanpher, B. C., Ou, Z., Kang, S.-H. L., Patel, A., Scaglia, F., Lupski, J. R., Cheung, S. W., Stankiewicz, P. <strong>Redefined genomic architecture in 15q24 directed by patient deletion/duplication breakpoint mapping.</strong> Hum. Genet. 126: 589-602, 2009.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19557438/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">19557438</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=19557438[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-009-0706-x" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="19557438">El-Hattab et al. (2009)</a> reported 4 patients with the 15q24 deletion syndrome. All had developmental delay, short stature, hypotonia, joint laxity, digital anomalies, and characteristic facial features similar to previously reported cases. In a review of common reported features, <a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="El-Hattab, A. W., Smolarek, T. A., Walker, M. E., Schorry, E. K., Immken, L. L., Patel, G., Abbott, M.-A., Lanpher, B. C., Ou, Z., Kang, S.-H. L., Patel, A., Scaglia, F., Lupski, J. R., Cheung, S. W., Stankiewicz, P. <strong>Redefined genomic architecture in 15q24 directed by patient deletion/duplication breakpoint mapping.</strong> Hum. Genet. 126: 589-602, 2009.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19557438/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">19557438</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=19557438[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-009-0706-x" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="19557438">El-Hattab et al. (2009)</a> concluded that 15q24 deletion represents a distinct syndrome. General features include mild to severe developmental delay, hypotonia, short stature, digital anomalies, joint laxity, genital anomalies, and characteristic facial features, such as a high anterior hairline, facial asymmetry, ear malformations, broad medial eyebrows, downslanted palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, strabismus, long smooth philtrum, full lower lip, and broad nasal base. The distal extremity malformations consist of thumb anomalies, small hands with brachydactyly, clinodactyly, and foot-ankle deformities. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=19557438" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#11" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Witteveen, J. S., Willemsen, M. H., Dombroski, T. C. D., van Bakel, N. H. M., Nillesen, W. M., van Hulten, J. A., Jansen, E. J. R., Verkaik, D., Veenstra,-Knol, H. E., van Ravenswaaij-Arts, C. M. A., Wassink-Ruiter, J. S. K., Vincent, M., and 17 others. <strong>Haploinsufficiency of MeCP2-interacting transcriptional co-repressor SIN3A causes mild intellectual disability by affecting the development of cortical integrity.</strong> Nature Genet. 48: 877-887, 2016.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27399968/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">27399968</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3619" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="27399968">Witteveen et al. (2016)</a> identified 4 new patients with de novo heterozygous 15q24 deletions associated with intellectual disability and dysmorphic facial features. Brain imaging, performed on 2 patients, showed cortical dysgenesis, thin corpus callosum, and decreased white matter/delayed myelination. One had autism spectrum disorder and another had seizures. The smallest region of overlap of the deletion was about 200 kb and included the SIN3A gene. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=27399968" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><strong><em>Chromosome 15q24 Duplication Syndrome</em></strong></p><p>
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<a href="#7" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Kiholm Lund, A.-B., Hove, H. D., Kirchhoff, M. A. <strong>15q24 microduplication, reciprocal to the recently described 15q24 microdeletion, in a boy sharing clinical features with 15q24 microdeletion syndrome patients.</strong> Europ. J. Med. Genet. 51: 520-526, 2008.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18755302/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">18755302</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2008.07.008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="18755302">Kiholm Lund et al. (2008)</a> reported a 2-year-old boy with a chromosome 15q24 microduplication that was reciprocal to the minimal critical region for the chromosome 15q24 microdeletion. He had global developmental delay, hypospadias, and dysmorphic features, including low-set, posteriorly rotated ears, broad nasal bridge, hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, thick upper lip, and smooth philtrum. He also had digital anomalies with overlapping fingers and hypoplastic nails and hypotonia. Although the duplication was inherited from the healthy father, it was considered clinically significant, since the phenotype in the proband resembled the reciprocal deletion syndrome. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=18755302" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="El-Hattab, A. W., Smolarek, T. A., Walker, M. E., Schorry, E. K., Immken, L. L., Patel, G., Abbott, M.-A., Lanpher, B. C., Ou, Z., Kang, S.-H. L., Patel, A., Scaglia, F., Lupski, J. R., Cheung, S. W., Stankiewicz, P. <strong>Redefined genomic architecture in 15q24 directed by patient deletion/duplication breakpoint mapping.</strong> Hum. Genet. 126: 589-602, 2009.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19557438/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">19557438</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=19557438[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-009-0706-x" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="19557438">El-Hattab et al. (2009)</a> reported a 15-year-old boy with short stature, mild mental retardation, hypertonia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Asperger syndrome who had a 2.6-Mb microduplication of chromosome 15q24, including the 1.75-Mb critical region. He had a long face, epicanthal folds, downslanting palpebral fissures, high nasal bridge, smooth philtrum, and full lower lip. Two sibs from a second family had a 2.11-Mb duplication of chromosome 15q24, distal to the critical region, and they showed developmental delay, axial hypotonia, tapering fingers, and characteristic facial features, such as hypertelorism, flat nasal bridge, and prominent ears. The 2 sibs inherited the duplication from their mother, who had learning disabilities. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=19557438" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p><a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Coenen-van der Spek, J., Relator, R., Kerkhof, J., McConkey, H., Levy, M. A., Tedder, M. L., Louie, R. J., Fletcher, R. S., Moore, H. W., Childers, A., Farrelly, E. R., Champaigne, N. L., and 17 others. <strong>DNA methylation episignature for Witteveen-Kolk syndrome due to SIN3A haploinsufficiency.</strong> Genet. Med. 25: 63-75, 2023.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36399132/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">36399132</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gim.2022.10.004" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="36399132">Coenen-van der Spek et al. (2023)</a> identified a characteristic methylation profile in peripheral blood of patients with Witteveen-Kolk syndrome. The profile was first established in a training cohort of 14 patients with WITKOS and heterozygous mutations in the SIN3A gene. The patient profile was hypomethylated compared to controls. The profile was then evaluated in an additional 4 patients with WITKOS as an investigational cohort. These 4 patients were relatives of patients who were included in the training cohort but had milder overall phenotypes. The characteristic WITKOS methylation profile was also seen in this investigational cohort, indicating that the WITKOS episignature was detectable in patients with milder phenotypes as well as in those with more severe phenotypes. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=36399132" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p>By high-resolution oligonucleotide array analysis of 4 unrelated patients with 15q24 deletions ranging from 1.7 to 3.9 Mb in size, <a href="#9" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Sharp, A. J., Selzer, R. R., Veltman, J. A., Gimelli, S., Gimelli, G., Striano, P., Coppola, A., Regan, R., Price, S. M., Knoers, N. V., Eis, P. S., Brunner, H. G., Hennekam, R. C., Knight, S. J. L., de Vries, B. B. A., Zuffardi, O., Eichler, E. E. <strong>Characterization of a recurrent 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.</strong> Hum. Molec. Genet. 16: 567-572, 2007.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17360722/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">17360722</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddm016" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="17360722">Sharp et al. (2007)</a> found that the proximal breakpoints of 3 patients mapped to a common region, designated BP1. Two of these cases also shared a common distal breakpoint, BP3, with an alternate distal breakpoint in the third case, BP2. All of these breakpoints occurred in highly identical segmental duplication clusters. The fourth patient had an atypical deletion with unique breakpoints that occurred in nonrepetitive sequences. The minimal deletion critical region was 1.7 Mb between BP1 and BP2. In the 3 cases tested, the deletions were de novo on the maternal chromosome. Nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) was proposed as the molecular mechanism. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=17360722" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>In a patient with the 15q24 deletion syndrome, <a href="#10" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Van Esch, H., Backx, L., Pijkels, E., Fryns, J.-P. <strong>Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is part of the new 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.</strong> Europ. J. Med. Genet. 52: 153-156, 2009.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19233321/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">19233321</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2009.02.003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="19233321">Van Esch et al. (2009)</a> found that the proximal breakpoint mapped to a low-copy repeat (LCR) region proximal to BP1 as defined by <a href="#9" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Sharp, A. J., Selzer, R. R., Veltman, J. A., Gimelli, S., Gimelli, G., Striano, P., Coppola, A., Regan, R., Price, S. M., Knoers, N. V., Eis, P. S., Brunner, H. G., Hennekam, R. C., Knight, S. J. L., de Vries, B. B. A., Zuffardi, O., Eichler, E. E. <strong>Characterization of a recurrent 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.</strong> Hum. Molec. Genet. 16: 567-572, 2007.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17360722/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">17360722</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddm016" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="17360722">Sharp et al. (2007)</a> and that the distal breakpoint coincided with BP2. <a href="#10" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Van Esch, H., Backx, L., Pijkels, E., Fryns, J.-P. <strong>Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is part of the new 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.</strong> Europ. J. Med. Genet. 52: 153-156, 2009.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19233321/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">19233321</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2009.02.003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="19233321">Van Esch et al. (2009)</a> commented that both their patient and a patient reported by <a href="#9" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Sharp, A. J., Selzer, R. R., Veltman, J. A., Gimelli, S., Gimelli, G., Striano, P., Coppola, A., Regan, R., Price, S. M., Knoers, N. V., Eis, P. S., Brunner, H. G., Hennekam, R. C., Knight, S. J. L., de Vries, B. B. A., Zuffardi, O., Eichler, E. E. <strong>Characterization of a recurrent 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.</strong> Hum. Molec. Genet. 16: 567-572, 2007.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17360722/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">17360722</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddm016" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="17360722">Sharp et al. (2007)</a> with diaphragmatic hernia had deletions extending toward the centromere and covering almost the entire 15q24.1 cytogenetic band. <a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="El-Hattab, A. W., Smolarek, T. A., Walker, M. E., Schorry, E. K., Immken, L. L., Patel, G., Abbott, M.-A., Lanpher, B. C., Ou, Z., Kang, S.-H. L., Patel, A., Scaglia, F., Lupski, J. R., Cheung, S. W., Stankiewicz, P. <strong>Redefined genomic architecture in 15q24 directed by patient deletion/duplication breakpoint mapping.</strong> Hum. Genet. 126: 589-602, 2009.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19557438/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">19557438</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=19557438[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-009-0706-x" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="19557438">El-Hattab et al. (2009)</a> reported 2 patients with more proximal breakpoints similar to the patients of <a href="#10" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Van Esch, H., Backx, L., Pijkels, E., Fryns, J.-P. <strong>Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is part of the new 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.</strong> Europ. J. Med. Genet. 52: 153-156, 2009.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19233321/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">19233321</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2009.02.003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="19233321">Van Esch et al. (2009)</a> and <a href="#9" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Sharp, A. J., Selzer, R. R., Veltman, J. A., Gimelli, S., Gimelli, G., Striano, P., Coppola, A., Regan, R., Price, S. M., Knoers, N. V., Eis, P. S., Brunner, H. G., Hennekam, R. C., Knight, S. J. L., de Vries, B. B. A., Zuffardi, O., Eichler, E. E. <strong>Characterization of a recurrent 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.</strong> Hum. Molec. Genet. 16: 567-572, 2007.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17360722/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">17360722</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddm016" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="17360722">Sharp et al. (2007)</a>, but congenital diaphragmatic hernia was not reported. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=19233321+17360722+19557438" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="El-Hattab, A. W., Smolarek, T. A., Walker, M. E., Schorry, E. K., Immken, L. L., Patel, G., Abbott, M.-A., Lanpher, B. C., Ou, Z., Kang, S.-H. L., Patel, A., Scaglia, F., Lupski, J. R., Cheung, S. W., Stankiewicz, P. <strong>Redefined genomic architecture in 15q24 directed by patient deletion/duplication breakpoint mapping.</strong> Hum. Genet. 126: 589-602, 2009.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19557438/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">19557438</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=19557438[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-009-0706-x" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="19557438">El-Hattab et al. (2009)</a> identified 2 new LCR clusters involved in 15q24 deletion syndrome in addition to the 3 reported by <a href="#9" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Sharp, A. J., Selzer, R. R., Veltman, J. A., Gimelli, S., Gimelli, G., Striano, P., Coppola, A., Regan, R., Price, S. M., Knoers, N. V., Eis, P. S., Brunner, H. G., Hennekam, R. C., Knight, S. J. L., de Vries, B. B. A., Zuffardi, O., Eichler, E. E. <strong>Characterization of a recurrent 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.</strong> Hum. Molec. Genet. 16: 567-572, 2007.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17360722/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">17360722</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddm016" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="17360722">Sharp et al. (2007)</a> and designated them as LCR15q24A and LCR15q24C. BP1, BP2, and BP3 were designated as LCR15q24B, LCR15q24D, and LCR15q24E, respectively. All the deletion and duplication breakpoints identified in their 7 patients were shown to map to these LCR regions. All 4 patients with the chromosome 15q24 deletion shared the 1.7-Mb critical region identified by <a href="#9" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Sharp, A. J., Selzer, R. R., Veltman, J. A., Gimelli, S., Gimelli, G., Striano, P., Coppola, A., Regan, R., Price, S. M., Knoers, N. V., Eis, P. S., Brunner, H. G., Hennekam, R. C., Knight, S. J. L., de Vries, B. B. A., Zuffardi, O., Eichler, E. E. <strong>Characterization of a recurrent 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.</strong> Hum. Molec. Genet. 16: 567-572, 2007.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17360722/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">17360722</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddm016" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="17360722">Sharp et al. (2007)</a>. A microduplication found in 1 patient by <a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="El-Hattab, A. W., Smolarek, T. A., Walker, M. E., Schorry, E. K., Immken, L. L., Patel, G., Abbott, M.-A., Lanpher, B. C., Ou, Z., Kang, S.-H. L., Patel, A., Scaglia, F., Lupski, J. R., Cheung, S. W., Stankiewicz, P. <strong>Redefined genomic architecture in 15q24 directed by patient deletion/duplication breakpoint mapping.</strong> Hum. Genet. 126: 589-602, 2009.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19557438/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">19557438</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=19557438[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-009-0706-x" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="19557438">El-Hattab et al. (2009)</a> also included the 1.7-Mb critical region, but another microduplication in 2 sibs was distal to the critical region. Overall, the findings suggested that NAHR is the mechanism of the chromosome 15q24 deletion/duplication. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=17360722+19557438" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p>In 6 patients from 2 unrelated families and in 3 unrelated singleton patients with WITKOS, <a href="#11" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Witteveen, J. S., Willemsen, M. H., Dombroski, T. C. D., van Bakel, N. H. M., Nillesen, W. M., van Hulten, J. A., Jansen, E. J. R., Verkaik, D., Veenstra,-Knol, H. E., van Ravenswaaij-Arts, C. M. A., Wassink-Ruiter, J. S. K., Vincent, M., and 17 others. <strong>Haploinsufficiency of MeCP2-interacting transcriptional co-repressor SIN3A causes mild intellectual disability by affecting the development of cortical integrity.</strong> Nature Genet. 48: 877-887, 2016.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27399968/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">27399968</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3619" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="27399968">Witteveen et al. (2016)</a> identified 5 different heterozygous truncating mutations in the SIN3A gene (<a href="/entry/607776#0001">607776.0001</a>-<a href="/entry/607776#0005">607776.0005</a>). The mutations, which were found by exome sequencing, were predicted to result in haploinsufficiency. The phenotype was similar to that observed in patients with chromosome 15q24 deletion syndrome, suggesting that haploinsufficiency for SIN3A is the main cause of the phenotype of that disorder. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=27399968" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>By whole-exome sequencing in a Japanese girl with WITKOS, <a href="#8" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Narumi-Kishimoto, Y., Araki, N., Migita, O., Kawai, T., Okamura, K., Nakabayashi, K., Kaname, T., Ozawa, Y., Ozawa, H., Takada, F., Hata, K. <strong>Novel SIN3A mutation identified in a Japanese patient with Witteveen-Kolk syndrome.</strong> Europ. J. Med. Genet. 62: 103547, 2019.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30267900/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">30267900</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.09.014" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="30267900">Narumi-Kishimoto et al. (2019)</a> identified a de novo heterozygous duplication in the SIN3A gene (<a href="/entry/607776#0006">607776.0006</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=30267900" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>In 28 individuals with WITKOS, <a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Balasubramanian, M., Dingemans, A. J. M., Albaba, S., Richardson, R., Yates, T. M., Cox, H., Douzgou, S., Armstrong, R., Sansbury, F. H., Burke, K. B., Fry, A. E., Ragge, N., and 27 others. <strong>Comprehensive study of 28 individuals with SIN3A-related disorder underscoring the associated mild cognitive and distinctive facial phenotype.</strong> Europ. J. Hum. Genet. 29: 625-636, 2021.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33437032/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">33437032</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=33437032[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-020-00769-7" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="33437032">Balasubramanian et al. (2021)</a> identified heterozygous mutations in the SIN3A gene. Twenty-seven patients had a novel mutation, and 1 patient had a previously identified mutation (R1104X; <a href="/entry/607776#0005">607776.0005</a>). Twenty-five of the mutations were truncating and predicted to cause loss of function, 3 were missense mutations (A126V, K155E, M1106T), and 1 was a large in-frame gain including exons 10 through 12. The missense and in-frame gain mutations were not present in the gnomAD database. Twenty-six of the mutations were de novo, 1 was inherited from the patient's mother, and 1 had unknown inheritance. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=33437032" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p><a href="#11" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Witteveen, J. S., Willemsen, M. H., Dombroski, T. C. D., van Bakel, N. H. M., Nillesen, W. M., van Hulten, J. A., Jansen, E. J. R., Verkaik, D., Veenstra,-Knol, H. E., van Ravenswaaij-Arts, C. M. A., Wassink-Ruiter, J. S. K., Vincent, M., and 17 others. <strong>Haploinsufficiency of MeCP2-interacting transcriptional co-repressor SIN3A causes mild intellectual disability by affecting the development of cortical integrity.</strong> Nature Genet. 48: 877-887, 2016.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27399968/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">27399968</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3619" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="27399968">Witteveen et al. (2016)</a> found that knockdown of Sin3a using shRNA in mice resulted in a significant reduction of cortical progenitor neurons in the proliferative zone. Loss of Sin3a also caused a change in neuronal identity, suggesting that it is required for proper differentiation, and caused aberrant corticocortical projections with abnormal callosal axon elongation and deviation compared to controls. The findings were consistent with a critical role for Sin3a in regulating the development of the mammalian cerebral cortex. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=27399968" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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Balasubramanian, M., Dingemans, A. J. M., Albaba, S., Richardson, R., Yates, T. M., Cox, H., Douzgou, S., Armstrong, R., Sansbury, F. H., Burke, K. B., Fry, A. E., Ragge, N., and 27 others.
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<strong>Comprehensive study of 28 individuals with SIN3A-related disorder underscoring the associated mild cognitive and distinctive facial phenotype.</strong>
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Europ. J. Hum. Genet. 29: 625-636, 2021.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33437032/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">33437032</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=33437032[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=33437032" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-020-00769-7" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Bettelheim, D., Hengstschlager, M., Drahonsky, R., Eppel, W., Bernaschek, G.
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.1998.tb02706.x" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Coenen-van der Spek, J., Relator, R., Kerkhof, J., McConkey, H., Levy, M. A., Tedder, M. L., Louie, R. J., Fletcher, R. S., Moore, H. W., Childers, A., Farrelly, E. R., Champaigne, N. L., and 17 others.
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<strong>DNA methylation episignature for Witteveen-Kolk syndrome due to SIN3A haploinsufficiency.</strong>
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Genet. Med. 25: 63-75, 2023.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36399132/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">36399132</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=36399132" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gim.2022.10.004" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Cushman, L. J., Torres-Martinez, W., Cherry, A. M., Manning, M. A., Abdul-Rahman, O., Anderson, C. E., Punnett, H. H., Thurston, V. C., Sweeney, D., Vance, G. H.
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<strong>A report of three patients with an interstitial deletion of chromosome 15q24.</strong>
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16007617/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">16007617</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=16007617" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.30836" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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El-Hattab, A. W., Smolarek, T. A., Walker, M. E., Schorry, E. K., Immken, L. L., Patel, G., Abbott, M.-A., Lanpher, B. C., Ou, Z., Kang, S.-H. L., Patel, A., Scaglia, F., Lupski, J. R., Cheung, S. W., Stankiewicz, P.
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Hum. Genet. 126: 589-602, 2009.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19557438/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">19557438</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=19557438[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=19557438" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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Formiga, L. de F., Poenaru, L., Couronne, F., Flori, E., Eibel, J. L., Deminatti, M. M., Savary, J. B., Lai, J. L., Gilgenkrantz, S., Pierson, M.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3198122/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">3198122</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=3198122" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00273663" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Kiholm Lund, A.-B., Hove, H. D., Kirchhoff, M. A.
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<strong>15q24 microduplication, reciprocal to the recently described 15q24 microdeletion, in a boy sharing clinical features with 15q24 microdeletion syndrome patients.</strong>
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Europ. J. Med. Genet. 51: 520-526, 2008.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18755302/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">18755302</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=18755302" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2008.07.008" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Narumi-Kishimoto, Y., Araki, N., Migita, O., Kawai, T., Okamura, K., Nakabayashi, K., Kaname, T., Ozawa, Y., Ozawa, H., Takada, F., Hata, K.
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<strong>Novel SIN3A mutation identified in a Japanese patient with Witteveen-Kolk syndrome.</strong>
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Europ. J. Med. Genet. 62: 103547, 2019.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30267900/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">30267900</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=30267900" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.09.014" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Sharp, A. J., Selzer, R. R., Veltman, J. A., Gimelli, S., Gimelli, G., Striano, P., Coppola, A., Regan, R., Price, S. M., Knoers, N. V., Eis, P. S., Brunner, H. G., Hennekam, R. C., Knight, S. J. L., de Vries, B. B. A., Zuffardi, O., Eichler, E. E.
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<strong>Characterization of a recurrent 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.</strong>
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Hum. Molec. Genet. 16: 567-572, 2007.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17360722/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">17360722</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=17360722" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddm016" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Van Esch, H., Backx, L., Pijkels, E., Fryns, J.-P.
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<strong>Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is part of the new 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.</strong>
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Europ. J. Med. Genet. 52: 153-156, 2009.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19233321/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">19233321</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=19233321" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2009.02.003" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Witteveen, J. S., Willemsen, M. H., Dombroski, T. C. D., van Bakel, N. H. M., Nillesen, W. M., van Hulten, J. A., Jansen, E. J. R., Verkaik, D., Veenstra,-Knol, H. E., van Ravenswaaij-Arts, C. M. A., Wassink-Ruiter, J. S. K., Vincent, M., and 17 others.
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<strong>Haploinsufficiency of MeCP2-interacting transcriptional co-repressor SIN3A causes mild intellectual disability by affecting the development of cortical integrity.</strong>
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Nature Genet. 48: 877-887, 2016.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27399968/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">27399968</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=27399968" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3619" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Hilary J. Vernon - updated : 05/25/2023
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Hilary J. Vernon - updated : 07/15/2022<br>Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 08/10/2016
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Cassandra L. Kniffin : 6/7/2010
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carol : 05/25/2023
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carol : 07/20/2022<br>carol : 07/15/2022<br>carol : 08/12/2016<br>ckniffin : 08/10/2016<br>alopez : 04/20/2015<br>terry : 4/9/2012<br>alopez : 10/27/2011<br>alopez : 11/17/2010<br>wwang : 8/30/2010<br>wwang : 8/30/2010<br>wwang : 6/16/2010<br>ckniffin : 6/8/2010
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<strong>#</strong> 613406
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WITTEVEEN-KOLK SYNDROME; WITKOS
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Other entities represented in this entry:
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CHROMOSOME 15q24 DELETION SYNDROME, INCLUDED
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CHROMOSOME 15q24 DUPLICATION SYNDROME, INCLUDED
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<strong>SNOMEDCT:</strong> 1187122000;
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<strong>ORPHA:</strong> 500163, 500166, 94065;
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<strong>DO:</strong> 0060395;
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<strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong>
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Phenotype
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Inheritance
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Phenotype <br /> mapping key
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15q24.2
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Witteveen-Kolk syndrome
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613406
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Autosomal dominant
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3
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SIN3A
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<span class="mim-font">
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607776
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<p>A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that Witteveen-Kolk syndrome (WITKOS) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the SIN3A gene (607776) on chromosome 15q24.</p><p>Some patients with a similar disorder have a contiguous gene deletion syndrome (chr15:72.15-73.85 Mb, NCBI36) or a contiguous gene duplication syndrome that include the SIN3A gene.</p>
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<strong>Description</strong>
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<p>Witteveen-Kolk syndrome (WITKOS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with characteristic distinctive facial features, microcephaly, short stature, and mildly impaired intellectual development with delayed cognitive and motor development and subtle anomalies on MRI-brain imaging (summary by Balasubramanian et al., 2021). </p>
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<strong>Clinical Features</strong>
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<p>Witteveen et al. (2016) reported 6 patients from 2 unrelated families and 3 singleton patients with intellectual disability and common dysmorphic facial features. Most of the patients were children, ranging in age from 4 to 16 years, but there was a mildly affected parent in each of the 2 families. The patients had mild intellectual disability with delayed development and speech delay, although some had normal motor and speech development. Several had autistic behavior and 2 had well-controlled seizures. Dysmorphic features included broad forehead, long face, downslanting palpebral fissures, flat or depressed nasal bridge, large fleshy ears, long and smooth philtrum, small mouth, and pointed chin. Additional variable features included short stature, microcephaly, joint hypermotility, and small hands and feet. Brain imaging showed dilated ventricles, thin corpus callosum and, in some cases, dysgyria or polymicrogyria. </p><p>Narumi-Kishimoto et al. (2019) reported a 7-year-old Japanese girl with a SIN3A mutation who was diagnosed with speech delay at 3 years of age. At age 5 years, she was diagnosed with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and poor motor coordination. At age 6 years and 7 months, she had normal height, weight, and head circumference. Facial features included a long face, depressed nasal bridge, and downslanting palpebral fissures. She had small hands and fifth finger clinodactyly. </p><p>Balasubramanian et al. (2021) reported clinical features in 28 patients, aged 0.6 to 67 years (average, 8.2 years), with mutation in the SIN3A gene. Fifteen of the patients had global developmental delay. Of 16 patients aged 8 years and older, 7 had mild intellectual disability, 4 had moderate intellectual disability, 1 had severe intellectual disability, and 4 did not have cognitive impairment. Three of 23 patients aged 2 years and older were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, and 4 patients were diagnosed with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thirteen patients had small head size, 8 patients had low weight, and 5 patients had short stature. Fifteen patients had feeding difficulties. Fourteen patients were reported to have facial dysmorphism, including a broad and tall forehead, small mouth, thin upper lip, and downslanting palpebral fissures. Of 9 patients who had brain imaging, ventriculomegaly was seen in 2, hypoplastic/dysplastic corpus callosum was seen in 2, cerebellar atrophy was identified in 2, and Chiari 1 malformation was seen in 1. </p><p><strong><em>Chromosome 15q24 Deletion Syndrome</em></strong></p><p>
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Formiga et al. (1988) reported 2 unrelated patients with an interstitial deletion of chromosome 15q. The first child showed intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, severe psychomotor retardation, and dysmorphic facial features, including microcephaly, slight microphthalmia, hypertelorism, slanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, strabismus, hypopigmented irides, short nose, microretrognathia with open mouth and high-arched palate, and large ears. She also had abnormal insertion of several toes. Karyotype analysis showed a deletion of chromosome 15q22-q25. The second child had severe psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, and similar facial dysmorphism with small, slanting palpebral fissures, microphthalmia, large ears, hypopigmented irides, and microretrognathia with open mouth and arched palate. She had clinodactyly, abnormal insertion of the toes, and cardiovascular abnormalities, consisting of septal hypertrophy with dilatation of the aorta and pulmonary artery. Karyotype analysis showed a deletion of chromosome 15q21-q24. </p><p>Bettelheim et al. (1998) reported 2 unrelated fetuses with significant left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia detected by ultrasound. One died in utero, and the other died 10 minutes after birth. Karyotype analysis showed a de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 15q24 in the first and a deletion of chromosome 15q24-qter in the second. </p><p>Cushman et al. (2005) reported 3 patients with interstitial deletions involving chromosome 15q24, including 2 with cryptic deletions and 1 with a cytogenetically visible deletion of chromosome 15q22.3-q24. All had global developmental delay and hypotonia. The 2 males had hypogonadism. Two patients were reported to have dysmorphic facial features, including epicanthal folds, strabismus, micrognathia, and cupped or notched ears, as well as digital anomalies, such as clinodactyly and tapering of the fingers. </p><p>Sharp et al. (2007) reported 4 unrelated boys with mild to moderate developmental delay and dysmorphic facial features who were each heterozygous for a deletion at chromosome 15q24. Three had low birth weight, short stature, and microcephaly. Dysmorphic features included high anterior hairline, hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, broadening of the medial eyebrows, broad nasal base with flaring of the alae nasi, long smooth philtrum, and full lower lip. Three had joint laxity, 2 had scoliosis, and 3 had hypospadias. All had digital anomalies, such as long slender fingers and proximally implanted thumbs. Two had growth hormone deficiency; the other 2 were not tested. </p><p>Van Esch et al. (2009) reported a 33-year-old man with severe mental retardation and a chromosome 15q24 microdeletion. Hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, and large ears were noted in infancy. He had delayed psychomotor development and hypotonia. As a child, he had hyperactive behavior and showed aggressive outbursts, requiring institutionalization. At age 33, he was found to have a congenital diaphragmatic hernia of the Morgagni type. Dysmorphic features at that time included obesity, strabismus, downslanting palpebral fissures, long face with high forehead, long philtrum, and high-arched palate. He also had small genitals and unilateral cryptorchidism. Cytogenetic and array CGH analysis detected a de novo 3.1-Mb deletion at chromosome 15q24 with breakpoints within segmental duplication clusters. </p><p>El-Hattab et al. (2009) reported 4 patients with the 15q24 deletion syndrome. All had developmental delay, short stature, hypotonia, joint laxity, digital anomalies, and characteristic facial features similar to previously reported cases. In a review of common reported features, El-Hattab et al. (2009) concluded that 15q24 deletion represents a distinct syndrome. General features include mild to severe developmental delay, hypotonia, short stature, digital anomalies, joint laxity, genital anomalies, and characteristic facial features, such as a high anterior hairline, facial asymmetry, ear malformations, broad medial eyebrows, downslanted palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, strabismus, long smooth philtrum, full lower lip, and broad nasal base. The distal extremity malformations consist of thumb anomalies, small hands with brachydactyly, clinodactyly, and foot-ankle deformities. </p><p>Witteveen et al. (2016) identified 4 new patients with de novo heterozygous 15q24 deletions associated with intellectual disability and dysmorphic facial features. Brain imaging, performed on 2 patients, showed cortical dysgenesis, thin corpus callosum, and decreased white matter/delayed myelination. One had autism spectrum disorder and another had seizures. The smallest region of overlap of the deletion was about 200 kb and included the SIN3A gene. </p><p><strong><em>Chromosome 15q24 Duplication Syndrome</em></strong></p><p>
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Kiholm Lund et al. (2008) reported a 2-year-old boy with a chromosome 15q24 microduplication that was reciprocal to the minimal critical region for the chromosome 15q24 microdeletion. He had global developmental delay, hypospadias, and dysmorphic features, including low-set, posteriorly rotated ears, broad nasal bridge, hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, thick upper lip, and smooth philtrum. He also had digital anomalies with overlapping fingers and hypoplastic nails and hypotonia. Although the duplication was inherited from the healthy father, it was considered clinically significant, since the phenotype in the proband resembled the reciprocal deletion syndrome. </p><p>El-Hattab et al. (2009) reported a 15-year-old boy with short stature, mild mental retardation, hypertonia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Asperger syndrome who had a 2.6-Mb microduplication of chromosome 15q24, including the 1.75-Mb critical region. He had a long face, epicanthal folds, downslanting palpebral fissures, high nasal bridge, smooth philtrum, and full lower lip. Two sibs from a second family had a 2.11-Mb duplication of chromosome 15q24, distal to the critical region, and they showed developmental delay, axial hypotonia, tapering fingers, and characteristic facial features, such as hypertelorism, flat nasal bridge, and prominent ears. The 2 sibs inherited the duplication from their mother, who had learning disabilities. </p>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<strong>Diagnosis</strong>
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<p>Coenen-van der Spek et al. (2023) identified a characteristic methylation profile in peripheral blood of patients with Witteveen-Kolk syndrome. The profile was first established in a training cohort of 14 patients with WITKOS and heterozygous mutations in the SIN3A gene. The patient profile was hypomethylated compared to controls. The profile was then evaluated in an additional 4 patients with WITKOS as an investigational cohort. These 4 patients were relatives of patients who were included in the training cohort but had milder overall phenotypes. The characteristic WITKOS methylation profile was also seen in this investigational cohort, indicating that the WITKOS episignature was detectable in patients with milder phenotypes as well as in those with more severe phenotypes. </p>
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<strong>Cytogenetics</strong>
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<p>By high-resolution oligonucleotide array analysis of 4 unrelated patients with 15q24 deletions ranging from 1.7 to 3.9 Mb in size, Sharp et al. (2007) found that the proximal breakpoints of 3 patients mapped to a common region, designated BP1. Two of these cases also shared a common distal breakpoint, BP3, with an alternate distal breakpoint in the third case, BP2. All of these breakpoints occurred in highly identical segmental duplication clusters. The fourth patient had an atypical deletion with unique breakpoints that occurred in nonrepetitive sequences. The minimal deletion critical region was 1.7 Mb between BP1 and BP2. In the 3 cases tested, the deletions were de novo on the maternal chromosome. Nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) was proposed as the molecular mechanism. </p><p>In a patient with the 15q24 deletion syndrome, Van Esch et al. (2009) found that the proximal breakpoint mapped to a low-copy repeat (LCR) region proximal to BP1 as defined by Sharp et al. (2007) and that the distal breakpoint coincided with BP2. Van Esch et al. (2009) commented that both their patient and a patient reported by Sharp et al. (2007) with diaphragmatic hernia had deletions extending toward the centromere and covering almost the entire 15q24.1 cytogenetic band. El-Hattab et al. (2009) reported 2 patients with more proximal breakpoints similar to the patients of Van Esch et al. (2009) and Sharp et al. (2007), but congenital diaphragmatic hernia was not reported. </p><p>El-Hattab et al. (2009) identified 2 new LCR clusters involved in 15q24 deletion syndrome in addition to the 3 reported by Sharp et al. (2007) and designated them as LCR15q24A and LCR15q24C. BP1, BP2, and BP3 were designated as LCR15q24B, LCR15q24D, and LCR15q24E, respectively. All the deletion and duplication breakpoints identified in their 7 patients were shown to map to these LCR regions. All 4 patients with the chromosome 15q24 deletion shared the 1.7-Mb critical region identified by Sharp et al. (2007). A microduplication found in 1 patient by El-Hattab et al. (2009) also included the 1.7-Mb critical region, but another microduplication in 2 sibs was distal to the critical region. Overall, the findings suggested that NAHR is the mechanism of the chromosome 15q24 deletion/duplication. </p>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<strong>Molecular Genetics</strong>
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<p>In 6 patients from 2 unrelated families and in 3 unrelated singleton patients with WITKOS, Witteveen et al. (2016) identified 5 different heterozygous truncating mutations in the SIN3A gene (607776.0001-607776.0005). The mutations, which were found by exome sequencing, were predicted to result in haploinsufficiency. The phenotype was similar to that observed in patients with chromosome 15q24 deletion syndrome, suggesting that haploinsufficiency for SIN3A is the main cause of the phenotype of that disorder. </p><p>By whole-exome sequencing in a Japanese girl with WITKOS, Narumi-Kishimoto et al. (2019) identified a de novo heterozygous duplication in the SIN3A gene (607776.0006). </p><p>In 28 individuals with WITKOS, Balasubramanian et al. (2021) identified heterozygous mutations in the SIN3A gene. Twenty-seven patients had a novel mutation, and 1 patient had a previously identified mutation (R1104X; 607776.0005). Twenty-five of the mutations were truncating and predicted to cause loss of function, 3 were missense mutations (A126V, K155E, M1106T), and 1 was a large in-frame gain including exons 10 through 12. The missense and in-frame gain mutations were not present in the gnomAD database. Twenty-six of the mutations were de novo, 1 was inherited from the patient's mother, and 1 had unknown inheritance. </p>
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<p>Witteveen et al. (2016) found that knockdown of Sin3a using shRNA in mice resulted in a significant reduction of cortical progenitor neurons in the proliferative zone. Loss of Sin3a also caused a change in neuronal identity, suggesting that it is required for proper differentiation, and caused aberrant corticocortical projections with abnormal callosal axon elongation and deviation compared to controls. The findings were consistent with a critical role for Sin3a in regulating the development of the mammalian cerebral cortex. </p>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
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Balasubramanian, M., Dingemans, A. J. M., Albaba, S., Richardson, R., Yates, T. M., Cox, H., Douzgou, S., Armstrong, R., Sansbury, F. H., Burke, K. B., Fry, A. E., Ragge, N., and 27 others.
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<strong>Comprehensive study of 28 individuals with SIN3A-related disorder underscoring the associated mild cognitive and distinctive facial phenotype.</strong>
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Europ. J. Hum. Genet. 29: 625-636, 2021.
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[PubMed: 33437032]
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Bettelheim, D., Hengstschlager, M., Drahonsky, R., Eppel, W., Bernaschek, G.
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<strong>Two cases of prenatally diagnosed diaphragmatic hernia accompanied by the same undescribed chromosomal deletion (15q24 de novo). (Letter)</strong>
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Clin. Genet. 53: 319-320, 1998.
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Coenen-van der Spek, J., Relator, R., Kerkhof, J., McConkey, H., Levy, M. A., Tedder, M. L., Louie, R. J., Fletcher, R. S., Moore, H. W., Childers, A., Farrelly, E. R., Champaigne, N. L., and 17 others.
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<strong>DNA methylation episignature for Witteveen-Kolk syndrome due to SIN3A haploinsufficiency.</strong>
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Genet. Med. 25: 63-75, 2023.
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[PubMed: 36399132]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gim.2022.10.004]
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Cushman, L. J., Torres-Martinez, W., Cherry, A. M., Manning, M. A., Abdul-Rahman, O., Anderson, C. E., Punnett, H. H., Thurston, V. C., Sweeney, D., Vance, G. H.
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<strong>A report of three patients with an interstitial deletion of chromosome 15q24.</strong>
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Am. J. Med. Genet. 137A: 65-71, 2005.
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[PubMed: 16007617]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.30836]
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El-Hattab, A. W., Smolarek, T. A., Walker, M. E., Schorry, E. K., Immken, L. L., Patel, G., Abbott, M.-A., Lanpher, B. C., Ou, Z., Kang, S.-H. L., Patel, A., Scaglia, F., Lupski, J. R., Cheung, S. W., Stankiewicz, P.
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<strong>Redefined genomic architecture in 15q24 directed by patient deletion/duplication breakpoint mapping.</strong>
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Hum. Genet. 126: 589-602, 2009.
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-009-0706-x]
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Formiga, L. de F., Poenaru, L., Couronne, F., Flori, E., Eibel, J. L., Deminatti, M. M., Savary, J. B., Lai, J. L., Gilgenkrantz, S., Pierson, M.
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<strong>Interstitial deletion of chromosome 15: two cases.</strong>
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Hum. Genet. 80: 401-404, 1988.
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[PubMed: 3198122]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00273663]
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Kiholm Lund, A.-B., Hove, H. D., Kirchhoff, M. A.
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<strong>15q24 microduplication, reciprocal to the recently described 15q24 microdeletion, in a boy sharing clinical features with 15q24 microdeletion syndrome patients.</strong>
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Europ. J. Med. Genet. 51: 520-526, 2008.
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[PubMed: 18755302]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2008.07.008]
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Narumi-Kishimoto, Y., Araki, N., Migita, O., Kawai, T., Okamura, K., Nakabayashi, K., Kaname, T., Ozawa, Y., Ozawa, H., Takada, F., Hata, K.
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<strong>Novel SIN3A mutation identified in a Japanese patient with Witteveen-Kolk syndrome.</strong>
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Europ. J. Med. Genet. 62: 103547, 2019.
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[PubMed: 30267900]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.09.014]
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Sharp, A. J., Selzer, R. R., Veltman, J. A., Gimelli, S., Gimelli, G., Striano, P., Coppola, A., Regan, R., Price, S. M., Knoers, N. V., Eis, P. S., Brunner, H. G., Hennekam, R. C., Knight, S. J. L., de Vries, B. B. A., Zuffardi, O., Eichler, E. E.
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<strong>Characterization of a recurrent 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.</strong>
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Hum. Molec. Genet. 16: 567-572, 2007.
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[PubMed: 17360722]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddm016]
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Van Esch, H., Backx, L., Pijkels, E., Fryns, J.-P.
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<strong>Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is part of the new 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.</strong>
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Europ. J. Med. Genet. 52: 153-156, 2009.
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[PubMed: 19233321]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2009.02.003]
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Witteveen, J. S., Willemsen, M. H., Dombroski, T. C. D., van Bakel, N. H. M., Nillesen, W. M., van Hulten, J. A., Jansen, E. J. R., Verkaik, D., Veenstra,-Knol, H. E., van Ravenswaaij-Arts, C. M. A., Wassink-Ruiter, J. S. K., Vincent, M., and 17 others.
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<strong>Haploinsufficiency of MeCP2-interacting transcriptional co-repressor SIN3A causes mild intellectual disability by affecting the development of cortical integrity.</strong>
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Nature Genet. 48: 877-887, 2016.
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[PubMed: 27399968]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3619]
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Hilary J. Vernon - updated : 05/25/2023<br>Hilary J. Vernon - updated : 07/15/2022<br>Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 08/10/2016
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