nih-gov/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/612921

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Entry
- #612921 - THREE M SYNDROME 2; 3M2
- OMIM
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<span class="h4">#612921</span>
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<strong>Table of Contents</strong>
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<a href="#title"><strong>Title</strong></a>
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<a href="#phenotypeMap"><strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong></a>
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<a href="/clinicalSynopsis/612921"><strong>Clinical Synopsis</strong></a>
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<a href="/phenotypicSeries/PS273750"> <strong>Phenotypic Series</strong> </a>
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<a href="#text"><strong>Text</strong></a>
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<a href="#description">Description</a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
<a href="#clinicalFeatures">Clinical Features</a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
<a href="#inheritance">Inheritance</a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
<a href="#molecularGenetics">Molecular Genetics</a>
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<a href="#references"><strong>References</strong></a>
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<a href="#contributors"><strong>Contributors</strong></a>
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<a href="#creationDate"><strong>Creation Date</strong></a>
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<div><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=THREE M SYNDROME" class="mim-tip-hint" title="A registry of federally and privately supported clinical trials conducted in the United States and around the world." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Clinical Trials', 'domain': 'clinicaltrials.gov'})">Clinical Trials</a></div>
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<span class="mim-tip-bottom" qtip_title="<strong>Looking for this gene or this phenotype in other resources?</strong>" qtip_text="Select a related resource from the dropdown menu and click for a targeted link to information directly relevant.">
&nbsp;
</span>
</span>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-pull-2 col-md-8 col-md-pull-2 col-sm-8 col-sm-pull-2 col-xs-12">
<div>
<a id="title" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div>
<a id="number" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="text-right">
<a href="#" class="mim-tip-icd" qtip_title="<strong>ICD+</strong>" qtip_text="
<strong>ORPHA:</strong> 2616<br />
<strong>DO:</strong> 0060241<br />
">ICD+</a>
</div>
<div>
<span class="h3">
<span class="mim-font mim-tip-hint" title="Phenotype description, molecular basis known">
<span class="text-danger"><strong>#</strong></span>
612921
</span>
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<a id="preferredTitle" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<h3>
<span class="mim-font">
THREE M SYNDROME 2; 3M2
</span>
</h3>
</div>
<div>
<br />
</div>
<div>
<a id="alternativeTitles" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div>
<p>
<span class="mim-font">
<em>Alternative titles; symbols</em>
</span>
</p>
</div>
<div>
<h4>
<span class="mim-font">
3M SYNDROME 2
</span>
</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<br />
</div>
</div>
<div>
<a id="phenotypeMap" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<h4>
<span class="mim-font">
<strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong>
</span>
</h4>
<div>
<table class="table table-bordered table-condensed table-hover small mim-table-padding">
<thead>
<tr class="active">
<th>
Location
</th>
<th>
Phenotype
</th>
<th>
Phenotype <br /> MIM number
</th>
<th>
Inheritance
</th>
<th>
Phenotype <br /> mapping key
</th>
<th>
Gene/Locus
</th>
<th>
Gene/Locus <br /> MIM number
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/2/1045?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=1045">
2q35
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
3-M syndrome 2
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612921"> 612921 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
OBSL1
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610991"> 610991 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="btn-group ">
<a href="/clinicalSynopsis/612921" class="btn btn-warning" role="button"> Clinical Synopsis </a>
<button type="button" id="mimPhenotypicSeriesToggle" class="btn btn-warning dropdown-toggle mimSingletonFoldToggle" data-toggle="collapse" href="#mimClinicalSynopsisFold" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Unfurl', 'ClinicalSynopsis', 'omim.org')">
<span class="caret"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span>
</button>
</div>
&nbsp;
<div class="btn-group">
<a href="/phenotypicSeries/PS273750" class="btn btn-info" role="button"> Phenotypic Series </a>
<button type="button" id="mimPhenotypicSeriesToggle" class="btn btn-info dropdown-toggle mimSingletonFoldToggle" data-toggle="collapse" href="#mimPhenotypicSeriesFold" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Unfurl', 'PhenotypicSeries', 'omim.org')">
<span class="caret"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span>
</button>
</div>
&nbsp;
<div class="btn-group">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
PheneGene Graphics <span class="caret"></span>
</button>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" style="width: 17em;">
<li><a href="/graph/linear/612921" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_graph', {'destination': 'Linear'})"> Linear </a></li>
<li><a href="/graph/radial/612921" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_graph', {'destination': 'Radial'})"> Radial </a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign mim-tip-hint" title="OMIM PheneGene graphics depict relationships between phenotypes, groups of related phenotypes (Phenotypic Series), and genes.<br /><a href='/static/omim/pdf/OMIM_Graphics.pdf' target='_blank'>A quick reference overview and guide (PDF)</a>"></span>
<div>
<p />
</div>
<div id="mimClinicalSynopsisFold" class="well well-sm collapse mimSingletonToggleFold">
<div class="small" style="margin: 5px">
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> INHERITANCE </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<span class="mim-font">
- Autosomal recessive <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/258211005" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">258211005</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0441748&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0441748</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000007</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> GROWTH </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Height </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Short stature <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/422065006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">422065006</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/237836003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">237836003</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/237837007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">237837007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/E34.31" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">E34.31</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/R62.52" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">R62.52</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/783.43" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">783.43</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0349588&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0349588</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0013336&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0013336</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003510" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003510</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0004322" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0004322</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0004322" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0004322</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Weight </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Low birth weight <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/276610007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">276610007</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/267258002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">267258002</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0024032&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0024032</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001518" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001518</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001518" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001518</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> HEAD & NECK </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Head </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Relative macrocephaly <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/3961000119101" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">3961000119101</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1849075&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1849075</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0004482" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0004482</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0004482" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0004482</a>]</span><br /> -
Dolichocephaly <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/72239002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">72239002</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q67.2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q67.2</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0221358&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0221358</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000268" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000268</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000268" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000268</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=b49d4ad3bcb5a39e5263c4f1d7454a3e" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="&lt;img src=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Dolichocephaly-small.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Further Information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=b49d4ad3bcb5a39e5263c4f1d7454a3e&quot target=&quot;_blank&quot onclick=&quot;gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})&quot;&gt;Elements of Morphology&lt;/a&gt;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Face </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Triangular face <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1835884&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1835884</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000325" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000325</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000325" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000325</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=9b3a4310d8279245cf752e39c5608ddf" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="&lt;img src=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Face,Triangular-small.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Further Information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=9b3a4310d8279245cf752e39c5608ddf&quot target=&quot;_blank&quot onclick=&quot;gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})&quot;&gt;Elements of Morphology&lt;/a&gt;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
Frontal bossing <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/90145001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">90145001</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0221354&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0221354</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002007</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=3ab8802347404fb5ebf087fa6440bb25" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="&lt;img src=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Frontal_Bossing-small.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Further Information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=3ab8802347404fb5ebf087fa6440bb25&quot target=&quot;_blank&quot onclick=&quot;gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})&quot;&gt;Elements of Morphology&lt;/a&gt;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
Midface hypoplasia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1853242&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1853242</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0011800" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0011800</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0011800" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0011800</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=f0adae8ae2dc0ad9ed28c3c3e0e8f8a9" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="&lt;img src=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Midface_Retrusion-small.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Further Information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=f0adae8ae2dc0ad9ed28c3c3e0e8f8a9&quot target=&quot;_blank&quot onclick=&quot;gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})&quot;&gt;Elements of Morphology&lt;/a&gt;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
Long philtrum <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1865014&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1865014</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000343" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000343</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000343" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000343</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=6e8169f9668cf95ffe7aad93a28f672b" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="&lt;img src=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Philtrum,Long-small.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Further Information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=6e8169f9668cf95ffe7aad93a28f672b&quot target=&quot;_blank&quot onclick=&quot;gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})&quot;&gt;Elements of Morphology&lt;/a&gt;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
Pointed chin <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1844505&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1844505</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000307" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000307</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000307" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000307</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=7974ac288cfc8dbf20fe3f16a7844d32" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="&lt;img src=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Chin,Pointed-small.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Further Information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=7974ac288cfc8dbf20fe3f16a7844d32&quot target=&quot;_blank&quot onclick=&quot;gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})&quot;&gt;Elements of Morphology&lt;/a&gt;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Ears </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Prominent ears <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/275478007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">275478007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q17.5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q17.5</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1305420&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1305420</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000411" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000411</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000411" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000411</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Nose </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Anteverted nares <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/708670007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">708670007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1840077&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1840077</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000463" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000463</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000463" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000463</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=656ef0aca7742d97c5769f51f0dd56de" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="&lt;img src=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Nares,Anteverted-small.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Further Information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=656ef0aca7742d97c5769f51f0dd56de&quot target=&quot;_blank&quot onclick=&quot;gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})&quot;&gt;Elements of Morphology&lt;/a&gt;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
Fleshy tip of nose <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3280149&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3280149</a>]</span><br /> -
Low nasal bridge <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1836542&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1836542</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0005280" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0005280</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0005280" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0005280</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=7043769fd21a78a413fd758918cdda17" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="&lt;img src=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Nasal_Bridge,Depressed-small.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Further Information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=7043769fd21a78a413fd758918cdda17&quot target=&quot;_blank&quot onclick=&quot;gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})&quot;&gt;Elements of Morphology&lt;/a&gt;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Mouth </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Full fleshy lips <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4747604&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4747604</a>]</span><br /> -
High-arched palate <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/27272007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">27272007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q38.5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q38.5</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0240635&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0240635</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000218" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000218</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000218" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000218</a>]</span><br /> -
Median fissured tongue (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4747605&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4747605</a>]</span><br /> -
Partial ankyloglossia (rare) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4279980&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4279980</a>]</span><br /> -
Bifid tip of tongue (rare) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4693156&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4693156</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Teeth </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Delayed eruption <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/5639000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">5639000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0239174&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0239174</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000684" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000684</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000684" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000684</a>]</span><br /> -
Enamel hypocalcification <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/1258915002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">1258915002</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/109487003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">109487003</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/1258914003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">1258914003</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C5690820&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C5690820</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0006285" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0006285</a>]</span><br /> -
Malocclusion <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/707598004" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">707598004</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/47944004" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">47944004</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/M26.4" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">M26.4</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/524.4" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">524.4</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0024636&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0024636</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000689" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000689</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000689" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000689</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Neck </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Short neck <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/95427009" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">95427009</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0521525&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0521525</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000470" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000470</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000470" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000470</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=5edf45ce6835f32360d28d26249e2531" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="&lt;img src=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Neck,Short-small.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Further Information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=5edf45ce6835f32360d28d26249e2531&quot target=&quot;_blank&quot onclick=&quot;gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})&quot;&gt;Elements of Morphology&lt;/a&gt;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> CHEST </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> External Features </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Short thorax <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/249670005" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">249670005</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0426789&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0426789</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0010306" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0010306</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0010306" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0010306</a>]</span><br /> -
Square shoulders <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3280147&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3280147</a>]</span><br /> -
Pectus deformity <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1860493&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1860493</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000766" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000766</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000766" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000766</a>]</span><br /> -
Transverse chest groove <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3280148&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3280148</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Ribs Sternum Clavicles & Scapulae </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Thin ribs <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/249697003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">249697003</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0426818&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0426818</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000883" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000883</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000883" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000883</a>]</span><br /> -
Winged scapulae <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/17211005" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">17211005</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0240953&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0240953</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003691" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003691</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003691" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003691</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> SKELETAL </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<span class="mim-font">
- Delayed bone age (rare) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/123983008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">123983008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0541764&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0541764</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002750" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002750</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002750" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002750</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Skull </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Relative macrocephaly <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/3961000119101" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">3961000119101</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1849075&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1849075</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0004482" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0004482</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0004482" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0004482</a>]</span><br /> -
Dolichocephaly <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/72239002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">72239002</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q67.2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q67.2</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0221358&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0221358</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000268" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000268</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000268" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000268</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=b49d4ad3bcb5a39e5263c4f1d7454a3e" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="&lt;img src=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Dolichocephaly-small.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Further Information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=b49d4ad3bcb5a39e5263c4f1d7454a3e&quot target=&quot;_blank&quot onclick=&quot;gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})&quot;&gt;Elements of Morphology&lt;/a&gt;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br />
</span>
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<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Spine </em>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Hyperlordosis <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/61960001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">61960001</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/249710008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">249710008</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/1187290008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">1187290008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/M40.5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">M40.5</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0024003&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0024003</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003307" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003307</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003307" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003307</a>]</span><br /> -
Tall lumbar vertebrae <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1862378&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1862378</a>]</span><br />
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<em> Pelvis </em>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Small narrow pelvis <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4749212&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4749212</a>]</span><br />
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Limbs </em>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Slender long bones <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1833144&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1833144</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003100" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003100</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003100" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003100</a>]</span><br />
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Hands </em>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Short fifth fingers <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1842878&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1842878</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0009237" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0009237</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0009237" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0009237</a>]</span><br /> -
Fifth-finger clinodactyly <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1850049&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1850049</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0004209" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0004209</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0004209" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0004209</a>]</span><br />
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<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Feet </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Prominent heels <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C2678321&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C2678321</a>]</span><br />
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> MISCELLANEOUS </strong>
</span>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<span class="mim-font">
- Facial dysmorphism becomes less prominent with age<br />
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> MOLECULAR BASIS </strong>
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<div>
<span class="mim-font">
- Caused by mutation in the obscurin-like 1 gene (OBSL1, <a href="/entry/610991#0001">610991.0001</a>)<br />
</span>
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<a href="#mimClinicalSynopsisFold" data-toggle="collapse">&#9650;&nbsp;Close</a>
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<div class="row">
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<h5>
Three M syndrome
- <a href="/phenotypicSeries/PS273750">PS273750</a>
- 3 Entries
</h5>
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</div>
<div class="row" style="margin-left: 0.125em; margin-right: 0.125em;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-condensed table-hover mim-table-padding">
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<strong>Location</strong>
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<th class="col-lg-5 col-md-5 col-sm-5 col-xs-6 text-nowrap">
<strong>Phenotype</strong>
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<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
<strong>Inheritance</strong>
</th>
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
<strong>Phenotype<br />mapping key</strong>
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<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
<strong>Phenotype<br />MIM number</strong>
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<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
<strong>Gene/Locus</strong>
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<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
<strong>Gene/Locus<br />MIM number</strong>
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<tbody>
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<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/2/1045?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=1045"> 2q35 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612921"> 3-M syndrome 2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
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<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
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<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612921"> 612921 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610991"> OBSL1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610991"> 610991 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
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<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/6/514?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=514"> 6p21.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/273750"> 3-M syndrome 1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/273750"> 273750 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/609577"> CUL7 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/609577"> 609577 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/19/850?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=850"> 19q13.32 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614205"> 3-M syndrome 3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614205"> 614205 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614145"> CCDC8 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614145"> 614145 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
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<a href="#mimPhenotypicSeriesFold" data-toggle="collapse">&#9650;&nbsp;Close</a>
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<br />
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<a id="text" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<h4 href="#mimTextFold" id="mimTextToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
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<span class="mim-tip-floating" qtip_title="<strong>Looking For More References?</strong>" qtip_text="Click the 'reference plus' icon &lt;span class='glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign'&gt;&lt;/span&gt at the end of each OMIM text paragraph to see more references related to the content of the preceding paragraph.">
<strong>TEXT</strong>
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</h4>
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<p>A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that 3M syndrome-2 (3M2) is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the OBSL1 gene (<a href="/entry/610991">610991</a>) on chromosome 2q35.</p>
</span>
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<br />
</div>
</div>
<div>
<a id="description" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<strong>Description</strong>
</span>
</h4>
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<span class="mim-text-font">
<p>3M syndrome-2 (3M2) is characterized by low birth weight and short stature, relative macrocephaly, lumbar hyperlordosis, and prominent heels. Dysmorphic facial features include triangular face with frontal bossing and midface hypoplasia, anteverted nares with fleshy nasal tip, and full fleshy lips (<a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Hanson, D., Murray, P. G., Sud, A., Temtamy, S. A., Aglan, M., Superti-Furga, A., Holder, S. E., Urquhart, J., Hilton, E., Manson, F. D. C., Scambler, P., Black, G. C. M., Clayton, P. E. &lt;strong&gt;The primordial growth disorder 3-M syndrome connects ubiquitination to the cytoskeletal adaptor OBSL1.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Hum. Genet. 84: 801-806, 2009.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19481195/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;19481195&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=19481195[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.04.021&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="19481195">Hanson et al., 2009</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=19481195" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of 3M syndrome, see 3M1 (<a href="/entry/273750">273750</a>).</p>
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<br />
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<strong>Clinical Features</strong>
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</h4>
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<p><a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Temtamy, S. A., Aglan, M. S., Ashour, A. M., Ramzy, M. I., Hosny, L. A., Mostafa, M. I. &lt;strong&gt;3-M syndrome: a report of three Egyptian cases with review of the literature.&lt;/strong&gt; Clin. Dysmorph. 15: 55-64, 2006.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16531729/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;16531729&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mcd.0000198926.01706.33&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="16531729">Temtamy et al. (2006)</a> reported 2 Egyptian brothers and an unrelated Egyptian boy who exhibited the characteristic features and radiologic findings of 3M syndrome, including low birth weight, short stature, malar hypoplasia, anteverted nostrils with a fleshy nasal tip, long philtrum, pointed full chin, short broad neck, broad chest with transverse grooves of the anterior thorax, and hyperlordosis. Oral examination revealed prominent premaxilla, hypoplastic maxilla, thick patulous lips, high-arched palate, median fissured tongue, delayed eruption of teeth with enamel hypocalcification, and malocclusion. Radiographic studies showed slender long bones and ribs, a narrow pelvis, and foreshortened vertebral bodies. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=16531729" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Hanson, D., Murray, P. G., Sud, A., Temtamy, S. A., Aglan, M., Superti-Furga, A., Holder, S. E., Urquhart, J., Hilton, E., Manson, F. D. C., Scambler, P., Black, G. C. M., Clayton, P. E. &lt;strong&gt;The primordial growth disorder 3-M syndrome connects ubiquitination to the cytoskeletal adaptor OBSL1.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Hum. Genet. 84: 801-806, 2009.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19481195/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;19481195&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=19481195[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.04.021&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="19481195">Hanson et al. (2009)</a> studied probands from 10 families with the 3M syndrome phenotype in which direct DNA sequencing failed to detect mutations in the CUL7 gene (<a href="/entry/609577">609577</a>), including an Egyptian family with 2 affected brothers originally reported by <a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Temtamy, S. A., Aglan, M. S., Ashour, A. M., Ramzy, M. I., Hosny, L. A., Mostafa, M. I. &lt;strong&gt;3-M syndrome: a report of three Egyptian cases with review of the literature.&lt;/strong&gt; Clin. Dysmorph. 15: 55-64, 2006.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16531729/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;16531729&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mcd.0000198926.01706.33&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="16531729">Temtamy et al. (2006)</a>. All patients had short stature, prominent heels, and a distinctive facial appearance with anteverted nares, fleshy tipped nose, frontal bossing, midface hypoplasia, and prominent heels, and were phenotypically indistinguishable from those with 3M syndrome-1. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=19481195+16531729" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Demir, K., Altincik, A., Bober, E. &lt;strong&gt;Severe short stature due to 3-M syndrome with a novel OBSL1 gene mutation.&lt;/strong&gt; J. Pediat. Endocr. Metab. 26: 147-150, 2013.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23457316/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;23457316&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2012-0239&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="23457316">Demir et al. (2013)</a> described a 16.5-year-old Turkish boy, born of first-cousin parents, who had low birth weight, short stature, delayed bone age, slender long bones, lumbar lordosis, tall/foreshortened lumbar vertebrae, and prominent heels, who also exhibited facial dysmorphism consistent with 3M syndrome. Growth hormone treatment was instituted but discontinued due to inadequate height gain (3 cm) at the end of 1 year. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23457316" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Keskin, M., Sahin, N. M., Kurnaz, E., Bayramoglu, E., Erdeve, S. S., Aycan, Z., Cetinkaya, S. &lt;strong&gt;A rare cause of short stature: 3M syndrome in a patient with novel mutation in OBSL1 gene.&lt;/strong&gt; J. Clin. Res. Pediat. Endocr. 9: 91-94, 2017. Note: Erratum: J. Clin. Res. Pediat. Endocr. 11: 109 only, 2019.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27796265/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;27796265&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.3238&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="27796265">Keskin et al. (2017)</a> reported a 16-month-old Turkish girl who had prenatal growth retardation with severe short stature and lumbar lordosis, as well as triangular face, long philtrum, fleshy nose tip, prominent mouth and lips, and pointed chin, suggesting 3M syndrome. Growth hormone treatment resulted in a 7-cm gain in height over a 6-month period. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=27796265" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<a id="inheritance" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<strong>Inheritance</strong>
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<p><a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Temtamy, S. A., Aglan, M. S., Ashour, A. M., Ramzy, M. I., Hosny, L. A., Mostafa, M. I. &lt;strong&gt;3-M syndrome: a report of three Egyptian cases with review of the literature.&lt;/strong&gt; Clin. Dysmorph. 15: 55-64, 2006.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16531729/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;16531729&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mcd.0000198926.01706.33&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="16531729">Temtamy et al. (2006)</a> reported 2 brothers and an unrelated boy with 3M syndrome, all offspring of healthy first-cousin Egyptian parents, consistent with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=16531729" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<a id="molecularGenetics" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<strong>Molecular Genetics</strong>
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<p>By genomewide linkage analysis, followed by candidate gene sequencing of 10 unrelated families with 3M syndrome-2, including the Egyptian family with 2 affected brothers originally reported by <a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Temtamy, S. A., Aglan, M. S., Ashour, A. M., Ramzy, M. I., Hosny, L. A., Mostafa, M. I. &lt;strong&gt;3-M syndrome: a report of three Egyptian cases with review of the literature.&lt;/strong&gt; Clin. Dysmorph. 15: 55-64, 2006.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16531729/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;16531729&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mcd.0000198926.01706.33&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="16531729">Temtamy et al. (2006)</a>, <a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Hanson, D., Murray, P. G., Sud, A., Temtamy, S. A., Aglan, M., Superti-Furga, A., Holder, S. E., Urquhart, J., Hilton, E., Manson, F. D. C., Scambler, P., Black, G. C. M., Clayton, P. E. &lt;strong&gt;The primordial growth disorder 3-M syndrome connects ubiquitination to the cytoskeletal adaptor OBSL1.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Hum. Genet. 84: 801-806, 2009.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19481195/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;19481195&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=19481195[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.04.021&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="19481195">Hanson et al. (2009)</a> identified homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the OBSL1 gene (see, e.g., <a href="/entry/610991#0001">610991.0001</a>-<a href="/entry/610991#0005">610991.0005</a>) in affected individuals. All of the mutations were truncating mutations within the first 6 exons of the gene and affected all known isoforms, resulting in complete loss of OBSL1. Thus, 3M syndrome-2 represents the null phenotype of human OBSL1. Knockdown of OBSL1 via siRNAs in HEK cells led to a decrease in CUL7 levels, suggesting a role for OBSL1 in the maintenance of normal levels of CUL7. These findings suggested that the 2 proteins work in the same pathway that affects cell proliferation and human growth. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=19481195+16531729" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>In a 16.5-year-old Turkish boy with 3M syndrome, who was negative for mutation in the CUL7 gene, <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Demir, K., Altincik, A., Bober, E. &lt;strong&gt;Severe short stature due to 3-M syndrome with a novel OBSL1 gene mutation.&lt;/strong&gt; J. Pediat. Endocr. Metab. 26: 147-150, 2013.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23457316/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;23457316&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2012-0239&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="23457316">Demir et al. (2013)</a> identified homozygosity for a frameshift mutation in the OBSL1 gene (<a href="/entry/610991#0006">610991.0006</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23457316" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>In a 16-month-old Turkish girl with 3M syndrome, <a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Keskin, M., Sahin, N. M., Kurnaz, E., Bayramoglu, E., Erdeve, S. S., Aycan, Z., Cetinkaya, S. &lt;strong&gt;A rare cause of short stature: 3M syndrome in a patient with novel mutation in OBSL1 gene.&lt;/strong&gt; J. Clin. Res. Pediat. Endocr. 9: 91-94, 2017. Note: Erratum: J. Clin. Res. Pediat. Endocr. 11: 109 only, 2019.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27796265/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;27796265&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.3238&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="27796265">Keskin et al. (2017)</a> identified homozygosity for the most prevalent mutation in the OBSL1 gene, a 1-bp duplication (<a href="/entry/610991#0001">610991.0001</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=27796265" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>In 4 patients with 3M syndrome from 2 consanguineous Saudi families (families D and E) originating from the same small village, <a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Al-Dosari, M. S., Al-Shammari, M., Shaheen, R., Faqeih, E., AlGhofely, M. A., Boukai, A., Alkuraya, F. S. &lt;strong&gt;3M syndrome: an easily recognizable yet underdiagnosed cause of proportionate short stature.&lt;/strong&gt; J. Pediat. 161: 139-145, 2012.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22325252/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;22325252&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.12.051&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="22325252">Al-Dosari et al. (2012)</a> identified homozygosity for a 1-bp deletion (c.1306del) in the OBSL1 gene. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22325252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<div>
<a id="references"class="mim-anchor"></a>
<h4 href="#mimReferencesFold" id="mimReferencesToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
<span class="mim-font">
<span id="mimReferencesToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">&#9660;</span>
<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
</span>
</h4>
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<p />
</div>
<div id="mimReferencesFold" class="collapse in mimTextToggleFold">
<ol>
<li>
<a id="1" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Al-Dosari2012" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Al-Dosari, M. S., Al-Shammari, M., Shaheen, R., Faqeih, E., AlGhofely, M. A., Boukai, A., Alkuraya, F. S.
<strong>3M syndrome: an easily recognizable yet underdiagnosed cause of proportionate short stature.</strong>
J. Pediat. 161: 139-145, 2012.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22325252/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">22325252</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22325252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.12.051" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
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<a id="Demir2013" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Demir, K., Altincik, A., Bober, E.
<strong>Severe short stature due to 3-M syndrome with a novel OBSL1 gene mutation.</strong>
J. Pediat. Endocr. Metab. 26: 147-150, 2013.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23457316/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23457316</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23457316" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2012-0239" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
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<a id="3" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Hanson2009" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Hanson, D., Murray, P. G., Sud, A., Temtamy, S. A., Aglan, M., Superti-Furga, A., Holder, S. E., Urquhart, J., Hilton, E., Manson, F. D. C., Scambler, P., Black, G. C. M., Clayton, P. E.
<strong>The primordial growth disorder 3-M syndrome connects ubiquitination to the cytoskeletal adaptor OBSL1.</strong>
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 84: 801-806, 2009.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19481195/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">19481195</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=19481195[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=19481195" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.04.021" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
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<a id="4" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Keskin2017" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Keskin, M., Sahin, N. M., Kurnaz, E., Bayramoglu, E., Erdeve, S. S., Aycan, Z., Cetinkaya, S.
<strong>A rare cause of short stature: 3M syndrome in a patient with novel mutation in OBSL1 gene.</strong>
J. Clin. Res. Pediat. Endocr. 9: 91-94, 2017. Note: Erratum: J. Clin. Res. Pediat. Endocr. 11: 109 only, 2019.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27796265/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">27796265</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=27796265" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.3238" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
</div>
</li>
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<a id="5" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Temtamy2006" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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Temtamy, S. A., Aglan, M. S., Ashour, A. M., Ramzy, M. I., Hosny, L. A., Mostafa, M. I.
<strong>3-M syndrome: a report of three Egyptian cases with review of the literature.</strong>
Clin. Dysmorph. 15: 55-64, 2006.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16531729/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">16531729</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=16531729" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mcd.0000198926.01706.33" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Marla J. F. O'Neill - updated : 06/30/2021
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Marla J. F. O'Neill - updated : 01/28/2019<br>Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 7/23/2009
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Cassandra L. Kniffin : 7/22/2009
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alopez : 06/30/2021
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alopez : 04/08/2019<br>alopez : 01/28/2019<br>carol : 11/22/2017<br>carol : 09/01/2011<br>wwang : 8/4/2009<br>ckniffin : 7/23/2009
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<strong>#</strong> 612921
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THREE M SYNDROME 2; 3M2
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<em>Alternative titles; symbols</em>
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3M SYNDROME 2
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<strong>ORPHA:</strong> 2616; &nbsp;
<strong>DO:</strong> 0060241; &nbsp;
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<strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong>
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Location
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Phenotype
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Phenotype <br /> MIM number
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Inheritance
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Phenotype <br /> mapping key
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Gene/Locus
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Gene/Locus <br /> MIM number
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2q35
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3-M syndrome 2
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612921
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Autosomal recessive
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3
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OBSL1
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610991
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<strong>TEXT</strong>
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<p>A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that 3M syndrome-2 (3M2) is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the OBSL1 gene (610991) on chromosome 2q35.</p>
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<strong>Description</strong>
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<p>3M syndrome-2 (3M2) is characterized by low birth weight and short stature, relative macrocephaly, lumbar hyperlordosis, and prominent heels. Dysmorphic facial features include triangular face with frontal bossing and midface hypoplasia, anteverted nares with fleshy nasal tip, and full fleshy lips (Hanson et al., 2009). </p><p>For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of 3M syndrome, see 3M1 (273750).</p>
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<strong>Clinical Features</strong>
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<p>Temtamy et al. (2006) reported 2 Egyptian brothers and an unrelated Egyptian boy who exhibited the characteristic features and radiologic findings of 3M syndrome, including low birth weight, short stature, malar hypoplasia, anteverted nostrils with a fleshy nasal tip, long philtrum, pointed full chin, short broad neck, broad chest with transverse grooves of the anterior thorax, and hyperlordosis. Oral examination revealed prominent premaxilla, hypoplastic maxilla, thick patulous lips, high-arched palate, median fissured tongue, delayed eruption of teeth with enamel hypocalcification, and malocclusion. Radiographic studies showed slender long bones and ribs, a narrow pelvis, and foreshortened vertebral bodies. </p><p>Hanson et al. (2009) studied probands from 10 families with the 3M syndrome phenotype in which direct DNA sequencing failed to detect mutations in the CUL7 gene (609577), including an Egyptian family with 2 affected brothers originally reported by Temtamy et al. (2006). All patients had short stature, prominent heels, and a distinctive facial appearance with anteverted nares, fleshy tipped nose, frontal bossing, midface hypoplasia, and prominent heels, and were phenotypically indistinguishable from those with 3M syndrome-1. </p><p>Demir et al. (2013) described a 16.5-year-old Turkish boy, born of first-cousin parents, who had low birth weight, short stature, delayed bone age, slender long bones, lumbar lordosis, tall/foreshortened lumbar vertebrae, and prominent heels, who also exhibited facial dysmorphism consistent with 3M syndrome. Growth hormone treatment was instituted but discontinued due to inadequate height gain (3 cm) at the end of 1 year. </p><p>Keskin et al. (2017) reported a 16-month-old Turkish girl who had prenatal growth retardation with severe short stature and lumbar lordosis, as well as triangular face, long philtrum, fleshy nose tip, prominent mouth and lips, and pointed chin, suggesting 3M syndrome. Growth hormone treatment resulted in a 7-cm gain in height over a 6-month period. </p>
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<strong>Inheritance</strong>
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<p>Temtamy et al. (2006) reported 2 brothers and an unrelated boy with 3M syndrome, all offspring of healthy first-cousin Egyptian parents, consistent with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. </p>
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<strong>Molecular Genetics</strong>
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<p>By genomewide linkage analysis, followed by candidate gene sequencing of 10 unrelated families with 3M syndrome-2, including the Egyptian family with 2 affected brothers originally reported by Temtamy et al. (2006), Hanson et al. (2009) identified homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the OBSL1 gene (see, e.g., 610991.0001-610991.0005) in affected individuals. All of the mutations were truncating mutations within the first 6 exons of the gene and affected all known isoforms, resulting in complete loss of OBSL1. Thus, 3M syndrome-2 represents the null phenotype of human OBSL1. Knockdown of OBSL1 via siRNAs in HEK cells led to a decrease in CUL7 levels, suggesting a role for OBSL1 in the maintenance of normal levels of CUL7. These findings suggested that the 2 proteins work in the same pathway that affects cell proliferation and human growth. </p><p>In a 16.5-year-old Turkish boy with 3M syndrome, who was negative for mutation in the CUL7 gene, Demir et al. (2013) identified homozygosity for a frameshift mutation in the OBSL1 gene (610991.0006). </p><p>In a 16-month-old Turkish girl with 3M syndrome, Keskin et al. (2017) identified homozygosity for the most prevalent mutation in the OBSL1 gene, a 1-bp duplication (610991.0001). </p><p>In 4 patients with 3M syndrome from 2 consanguineous Saudi families (families D and E) originating from the same small village, Al-Dosari et al. (2012) identified homozygosity for a 1-bp deletion (c.1306del) in the OBSL1 gene. </p>
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<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
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Al-Dosari, M. S., Al-Shammari, M., Shaheen, R., Faqeih, E., AlGhofely, M. A., Boukai, A., Alkuraya, F. S.
<strong>3M syndrome: an easily recognizable yet underdiagnosed cause of proportionate short stature.</strong>
J. Pediat. 161: 139-145, 2012.
[PubMed: 22325252]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.12.051]
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<li>
<p class="mim-text-font">
Demir, K., Altincik, A., Bober, E.
<strong>Severe short stature due to 3-M syndrome with a novel OBSL1 gene mutation.</strong>
J. Pediat. Endocr. Metab. 26: 147-150, 2013.
[PubMed: 23457316]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2012-0239]
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<p class="mim-text-font">
Hanson, D., Murray, P. G., Sud, A., Temtamy, S. A., Aglan, M., Superti-Furga, A., Holder, S. E., Urquhart, J., Hilton, E., Manson, F. D. C., Scambler, P., Black, G. C. M., Clayton, P. E.
<strong>The primordial growth disorder 3-M syndrome connects ubiquitination to the cytoskeletal adaptor OBSL1.</strong>
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 84: 801-806, 2009.
[PubMed: 19481195]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.04.021]
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<p class="mim-text-font">
Keskin, M., Sahin, N. M., Kurnaz, E., Bayramoglu, E., Erdeve, S. S., Aycan, Z., Cetinkaya, S.
<strong>A rare cause of short stature: 3M syndrome in a patient with novel mutation in OBSL1 gene.</strong>
J. Clin. Res. Pediat. Endocr. 9: 91-94, 2017. Note: Erratum: J. Clin. Res. Pediat. Endocr. 11: 109 only, 2019.
[PubMed: 27796265]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.3238]
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<li>
<p class="mim-text-font">
Temtamy, S. A., Aglan, M. S., Ashour, A. M., Ramzy, M. I., Hosny, L. A., Mostafa, M. I.
<strong>3-M syndrome: a report of three Egyptian cases with review of the literature.</strong>
Clin. Dysmorph. 15: 55-64, 2006.
[PubMed: 16531729]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mcd.0000198926.01706.33]
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Marla J. F. O&#x27;Neill - updated : 06/30/2021<br>Marla J. F. O&#x27;Neill - updated : 01/28/2019<br>Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 7/23/2009
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