nih-gov/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/612285

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<title>
Entry
- #612285 - JOUBERT SYNDROME 9; JBTS9
- OMIM
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<span class="h4">#612285</span>
<br />
<strong>Table of Contents</strong>
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<li role="presentation">
<a href="#title"><strong>Title</strong></a>
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<a href="#phenotypeMap"><strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong></a>
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<li role="presentation">
<a href="/clinicalSynopsis/612285"><strong>Clinical Synopsis</strong></a>
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<li role="presentation">
<a href="/phenotypicSeries/PS213300"> <strong>Phenotypic Series</strong> </a>
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<a href="#text"><strong>Text</strong></a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
<a href="#description">Description</a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
<a href="#clinicalFeatures">Clinical Features</a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
<a href="#inheritance">Inheritance</a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
<a href="#mapping">Mapping</a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
<a href="#molecularGenetics">Molecular Genetics</a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
<a href="#genotypePhenotypeCorrelations">Genotype/Phenotype Correlations</a>
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<li role="presentation">
<a href="#references"><strong>References</strong></a>
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<li role="presentation">
<a href="#contributors"><strong>Contributors</strong></a>
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<li role="presentation">
<a href="#creationDate"><strong>Creation Date</strong></a>
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<div><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=JOUBERT SYNDROME" class="mim-tip-hint" title="A registry of federally and privately supported clinical trials conducted in the United States and around the world." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Clinical Trials', 'domain': 'clinicaltrials.gov'})">Clinical Trials</a></div>
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<div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/ClinicalLabs_Search_Simple.php?lng=EN&LnkId=519&Typ=Pat" title="Joubert syndrome with oculorenal defect" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'EuroGentest', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">Joubert syndrome with ocul…&nbsp;</a></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/ClinicalLabs_Search_Simple.php?lng=EN&LnkId=1022&Typ=Pat" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'EuroGentest', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">Joubert syndrome&nbsp;</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1325/" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Expert-authored, peer-reviewed descriptions of inherited disorders including the uses of genetic testing in diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Gene Reviews', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">Gene Reviews</a></div>
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<div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=2318" title="Joubert syndrome with oculorenal defect" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'OrphaNet', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">Joubert syndrome with ocul…</a></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=475" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'OrphaNet', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">Joubert syndrome</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.alliancegenome.org/disease/DOID:0111004" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Search Across Species; explore model organism and human comparative genomics." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Alliance Genome', 'domain': 'alliancegenome.org'})">Alliance Genome</a></div>
<div><a href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/disease/612285" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Phenotypes, alleles, and disease models from Mouse Genome Informatics." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MGI Mouse Phenotype', 'domain': 'informatics.jax.org'})">MGI Mouse Phenotype</a></div>
<div><a href="https://wormbase.org/resources/disease/DOID:0111004" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Database of the biology and genome of Caenorhabditis elegans and related nematodes." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Wormbase Disease Ontology', 'domain': 'wormbase.org'})">Wormbase Disease Ontology</a></div>
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<a id="number" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<a href="#" class="mim-tip-icd" qtip_title="<strong>ICD+</strong>" qtip_text="
<strong>ORPHA:</strong> 2318, 475<br />
<strong>DO:</strong> 0111004<br />
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<span class="mim-font mim-tip-hint" title="Phenotype description, molecular basis known">
<span class="text-danger"><strong>#</strong></span>
612285
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<a id="preferredTitle" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<h3>
<span class="mim-font">
JOUBERT SYNDROME 9; JBTS9
</span>
</h3>
</div>
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<br />
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<a id="includedTitles" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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Other entities represented in this entry:
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JOUBERT SYNDROME 9/15, DIGENIC, INCLUDED
</span>
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<br />
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<strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong>
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<th>
Location
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Phenotype
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<th>
Phenotype <br /> MIM number
</th>
<th>
Inheritance
</th>
<th>
Phenotype <br /> mapping key
</th>
<th>
Gene/Locus
</th>
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Gene/Locus <br /> MIM number
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<tbody>
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<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/4/106?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=106">
4p15.32
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
Joubert syndrome 9
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612285"> 612285 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
CC2D2A
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612013"> 612013 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
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<li><a href="/graph/linear/612285" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_graph', {'destination': 'Linear'})"> Linear </a></li>
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<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign mim-tip-hint" title="OMIM PheneGene graphics depict relationships between phenotypes, groups of related phenotypes (Phenotypic Series), and genes.<br /><a href='/static/omim/pdf/OMIM_Graphics.pdf' target='_blank'>A quick reference overview and guide (PDF)</a>"></span>
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<strong> INHERITANCE </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<span class="mim-font">
- Autosomal recessive <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/258211005" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">258211005</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0441748&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0441748</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000007</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> HEAD & NECK </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Eyes </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Retinitis pigmentosa <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/28835009" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">28835009</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H35.52" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H35.52</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0035334&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0035334</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000510" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000510</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000510" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000510</a>]</span><br /> -
Astigmatism <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/82649003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">82649003</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H52.2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H52.2</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H52.20" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H52.20</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/367.2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">367.2</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/367.20" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">367.20</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0004106&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0004106</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000483" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000483</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000483" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000483</a>]</span><br /> -
Nystagmus <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/563001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">563001</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H55.0" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H55.0</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H55.00" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H55.00</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/379.50" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">379.50</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0028738&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0028738</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000639" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000639</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000639" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000639</a>]</span><br /> -
Cataract <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/193570009" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">193570009</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/247053007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">247053007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H26.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H26.9</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/366" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">366</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/366.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">366.9</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0086543&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0086543</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1690964&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1690964</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000518" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000518</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000518" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000518</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> NEUROLOGIC </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Central Nervous System </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Mental retardation, mild to moderate <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1861865&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1861865</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/228156007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">228156007</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/110359009" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">110359009</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/317-319.99" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">317-319.99</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001249" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001249</a>]</span><br /> -
Seizures (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/91175000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">91175000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0036572&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0036572</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001250" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001250</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001250" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001250</a>]</span><br /> -
Ventriculomegaly <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/413808003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">413808003</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1531647&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1531647</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3278923&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3278923</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002119" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002119</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002119" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002119</a>]</span><br /> -
Molar tooth sign <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1865060&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1865060</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002419" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002419</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002419" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002419</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> MOLECULAR BASIS </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<span class="mim-font">
- Caused by mutation in the coiled-coil and C2 domains-containing protein 2A (CC2D2A, <a href="/entry/612013#0001">612013.0001</a>)<br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="text-right">
<a href="#mimClinicalSynopsisFold" data-toggle="collapse">&#9650;&nbsp;Close</a>
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<h5>
Joubert syndrome
- <a href="/phenotypicSeries/PS213300">PS213300</a>
- 43 Entries
</h5>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" style="margin-left: 0.125em; margin-right: 0.125em;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-condensed table-hover mim-table-padding">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
<strong>Location</strong>
</th>
<th class="col-lg-5 col-md-5 col-sm-5 col-xs-6 text-nowrap">
<strong>Phenotype</strong>
</th>
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
<strong>Inheritance</strong>
</th>
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
<strong>Phenotype<br />mapping key</strong>
</th>
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
<strong>Phenotype<br />MIM number</strong>
</th>
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
<strong>Gene/Locus</strong>
</th>
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
<strong>Gene/Locus<br />MIM number</strong>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/1/84?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=84"> 1p36.32 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616781"> Joubert syndrome 25 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616781"> 616781 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616690"> CEP104 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616690"> 616690 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/2/555?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=555"> 2q13 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/609583"> Joubert syndrome 4 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/609583"> 609583 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/607100"> NPHP1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/607100"> 607100 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/2/919?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=919"> 2q33.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614424"> Joubert syndrome 14 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614424"> 614424 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614423"> TMEM237 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614423"> 614423 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/2/1097?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=1097"> 2q37.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617622"> Joubert syndrome 30 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617622"> 617622 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617612"> ARMC9 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617612"> 617612 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/2/1104?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=1104"> 2q37.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615665"> Joubert syndrome 22 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615665"> 615665 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602676"> PDE6D </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/602676"> 602676 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/3/482?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=482"> 3q11.1-q11.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612291"> Joubert syndrome 8 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612291"> 612291 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608922"> ARL13B </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608922"> 608922 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/4/106?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=106"> 4p15.32 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612285"> Joubert syndrome 9 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612285"> 612285 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612013"> CC2D2A </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/612013"> 612013 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/5/116?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=116"> 5p13.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614615"> Joubert syndrome 17 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614615"> 614615 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614571"> CPLANE1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614571"> 614571 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/5/402?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=402"> 5q23.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617761"> Joubert syndrome 31 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617761"> 617761 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613446"> CEP120 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613446"> 613446 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/6/884?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=884"> 6q23.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608629"> Joubert syndrome 3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608629"> 608629 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608894"> AHI1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608894"> 608894 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/7/680?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=680"> 7q32.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614464"> Joubert syndrome 15 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614464"> 614464 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610523"> CEP41 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610523"> 610523 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/8/324?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=324"> 8q13.1-q13.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615636"> Joubert syndrome 21 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/615636"> 615636 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611654"> CSPP1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611654"> 611654 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/8/405?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=405"> 8q22.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610688"> Joubert syndrome 6 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610688"> 610688 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/609884"> TMEM67 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/609884"> 609884 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/9/111?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=111"> 9p21.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619582"> Joubert syndrome 40 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619582"> 619582 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608040"> IFT74 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608040"> 608040 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/9/654?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=654"> 9q34.3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/213300"> Joubert syndrome 1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/213300"> 213300 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613037"> INPP5E </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613037"> 613037 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/10/297?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=297"> 10q22.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618763"> Joubert syndrome 36 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618763"> 618763 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618413"> FAM149B1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618413"> 618413 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/10/428?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=428"> 10q24.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614815"> Joubert syndrome 18 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614815"> 614815 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613847"> TCTN3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613847"> 613847 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/10/521?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=521"> 10q24.32 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617757"> Joubert syndrome 32 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617757"> 617757 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/607035"> SUFU </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/607035"> 607035 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/10/523?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=523"> 10q24.32 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618161"> Joubert syndrome 35 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/618161"> 618161 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/604695"> ARL3 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/604695"> 604695 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/11/454?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=454"> 11q12.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614465"> Joubert syndrome 16 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614465"> 614465 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614459"> TMEM138 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614459"> 614459 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/11/455?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=455"> 11q12.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608091"> Joubert syndrome 2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608091"> 608091 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613277"> TMEM216 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613277"> 613277 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/11/1061?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=1061"> 11q24.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619562"> Joubert syndrome 39 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619562"> 619562 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619285"> TMEM218 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619285"> 619285 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/12/664?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=664"> 12q21.32 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610188"> Joubert syndrome 5 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610188"> 610188 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610142"> CEP290 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610142"> 610142 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/12/805?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=805"> 12q24.11 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614173"> Joubert syndrome 13 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614173"> 614173 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/609863"> TCTN1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/609863"> 609863 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/12/934?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=934"> 12q24.31 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616654"> Joubert syndrome 24 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616654"> 616654 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613846"> TCTN2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/613846"> 613846 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/13/218?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=218"> 13q21.33-q22.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617767"> Joubert syndrome 33 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617767"> 617767 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/607532"> PIBF1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/607532"> 607532 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/14/197?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=197"> 14q21.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619185"> Joubert syndrome 37 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619185"> 619185 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617618"> TOGARAM1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617618"> 617618 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/14/276?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=276"> 14q23.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616490"> Joubert syndrome 23 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616490"> 616490 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610178"> KIAA0586 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610178"> 610178 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/15/503?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=503"> 15q26.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/200990"> Acrocallosal syndrome </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/200990"> 200990 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611254"> KIF7 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611254"> 611254 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/15/503?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=503"> 15q26.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/200990"> Joubert syndrome 12 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/200990"> 200990 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611254"> KIF7 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611254"> 611254 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/16/297?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=297"> 16p12.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616784"> Joubert syndrome 26 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616784"> 616784 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616650"> KATNIP </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616650"> 616650 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/16/421?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=421"> 16q12.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614844"> Joubert syndrome 19 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>, <abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614844"> 614844 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/604557"> ZNF423 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/604557"> 604557 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/16/421?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=421"> 16q12.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614844"> Nephronophthisis 14 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>, <abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614844"> 614844 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/604557"> ZNF423 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/604557"> 604557 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/16/436?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=436"> 16q12.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611560"> Joubert syndrome 7 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611560"> 611560 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610937"> RPGRIP1L </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/610937"> 610937 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/16/652?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=652"> 16q23.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614970"> Joubert syndrome 20 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614970"> 614970 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614949"> TMEM231 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614949"> 614949 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/17/121?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=121"> 17p13.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619476"> ?Joubert syndrome 38 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/619476"> 619476 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617112"> KIAA0753 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617112"> 617112 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/17/198?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=198"> 17p13.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617562"> ?Joubert syndrome 29 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617562"> 617562 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616183"> TMEM107 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616183"> 616183 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/17/198?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=198"> 17p13.1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617562"> Meckel syndrome 13 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617562"> 617562 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616183"> TMEM107 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/616183"> 616183 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/17/294?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=294"> 17p11.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617120"> Joubert syndrome 27 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617120"> 617120 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614144"> B9D1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614144"> 614144 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/17/781?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=781"> 17q22 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617121"> Joubert syndrome 28 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/617121"> 617121 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/609883"> MKS1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/609883"> 609883 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/19/727?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=727"> 19q13.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614175"> Joubert syndrome 34 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614175"> 614175 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611951"> B9D2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611951"> 611951 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/19/727?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=727"> 19q13.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614175"> ?Meckel syndrome 10 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/614175"> 614175 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611951"> B9D2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/611951"> 611951 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/X/70?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=70"> Xp22.2 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300804"> Joubert syndrome 10 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="X-linked recessive">XLR</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300804"> 300804 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300170"> OFD1 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/300170"> 300170 </a>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="text-right small">
<a href="#mimPhenotypicSeriesFold" data-toggle="collapse">&#9650;&nbsp;Close</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<br />
</div>
<div>
<a id="text" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<h4 href="#mimTextFold" id="mimTextToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
<span id="mimTextToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">&#9660;</span>
<span class="mim-font">
<span class="mim-tip-floating" qtip_title="<strong>Looking For More References?</strong>" qtip_text="Click the 'reference plus' icon &lt;span class='glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign'&gt;&lt;/span&gt at the end of each OMIM text paragraph to see more references related to the content of the preceding paragraph.">
<strong>TEXT</strong>
</span>
</span>
</h4>
<div id="mimTextFold" class="collapse in ">
<span class="mim-text-font">
<p>A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that Joubert syndrome-9 (JBTS9) is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CC2D2A gene (<a href="/entry/612013">612013</a>) on chromosome 4p15. Digenic inheritance has also been reported; see MOLECULAR GENETICS.</p><p>Meckel syndrome-6 (MKS6; <a href="/entry/612284">612284</a>) and COACH syndrome-2 (COACH2; <a href="/entry/619111">619111</a>) are allelic disorders with overlapping features.</p>
</span>
<div>
<br />
</div>
</div>
<div>
<a id="description" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<h4 href="#mimDescriptionFold" id="mimDescriptionToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
<span id="mimDescriptionToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">&#9660;</span>
<span class="mim-font">
<strong>Description</strong>
</span>
</h4>
</div>
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<p>Joubert syndrome-9 (JBTS9) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypotonia, ataxia, developmental delay, abnormal eye movements, and abnormal respiratory control. Variable features include retinal dystrophy, kidney disease, and seizures. Brain imaging shows cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and the 'molar tooth sign.' Brain imaging may also show ventriculomegaly (<a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Bachmann-Gagescu, R., Ishak, G. E., Dempsey, J. C., Adkins, J., O&#x27;Day, D., Phelps, I. G., Gunay-Aygun, M., Kline, A. D., Szczaluba, K., Martorell, L., Alswaid, A., Alrasheed, S., Pai, S., Izatt, L., Ronan, A., Parisi, M. A., Mefford, H., Glass, I., Doherty, D. &lt;strong&gt;Genotype-phenotype correlation in CC2D2A-related Joubert syndrome reveals an association with ventriculomegaly and seizures.&lt;/strong&gt; J. Med. Genet. 49: 126-137, 2012.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22241855/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;22241855&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100552&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="22241855">Bachmann-Gagescu et al., 2012</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22241855" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Joubert syndrome, see JBST1 (<a href="/entry/213300">213300</a>).</p>
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<p><a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Noor, A., Windpassinger, C., Patel, M., Stachowiak, B., Mikhailov, A., Azam, M., Irfan, M., Siddiqui, Z. K., Naeem, F., Paterson, A. D., Lutfullah, M., Vincent, J. B., Ayub, M. &lt;strong&gt;CC2D2A, encoding a coiled-coil and C2 domain protein, causes autosomal-recessive mental retardation with retinitis pigmentosa.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Hum. Genet. 82: 1011-1018, 2008. Note: Erratum: Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83: 656 only, 2008.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18387594/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;18387594&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=18387594[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.021&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="18387594">Noor et al. (2008)</a> ascertained a highly consanguineous Pakistani family segregating autosomal recessive mild to moderate mental retardation and retinitis pigmentosa (RP), with 4 living affected individuals; an additional family member with mental retardation was determined to be a 48,XXXX phenocopy. Height, weight, and occipitofrontal circumference were within the normal range in all affected individuals, and there was no facial dysmorphism. The 3 older patients all had retinitis pigmentosa, astigmatism, and nystagmus; the youngest, at age 3 years, did not have RP but did have astigmatism and nystagmus. RP was not present in other members of the family. The oldest affected individual also had early cataract. <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Gorden, N. T., Arts, H. H., Parisi, M. A., Coene, K. L. M., Letteboer, S. J. F., van Beersum, S. E. C., Mans, D. A., Hikida, A., Eckert, M., Knutzen, D., Alswaid, A. F., Ozyurek, H., and 23 others. &lt;strong&gt;CC2D2A is mutated in Joubert syndrome and interacts with the ciliopathy-associated basal body protein CEP290.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83: 559-571, 2008.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18950740/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;18950740&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=18950740[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.002&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="18950740">Gorden et al. (2008)</a> reviewed the brain MRIs of the patients reported by <a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Noor, A., Windpassinger, C., Patel, M., Stachowiak, B., Mikhailov, A., Azam, M., Irfan, M., Siddiqui, Z. K., Naeem, F., Paterson, A. D., Lutfullah, M., Vincent, J. B., Ayub, M. &lt;strong&gt;CC2D2A, encoding a coiled-coil and C2 domain protein, causes autosomal-recessive mental retardation with retinitis pigmentosa.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Hum. Genet. 82: 1011-1018, 2008. Note: Erratum: Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83: 656 only, 2008.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18387594/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;18387594&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=18387594[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.021&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="18387594">Noor et al. (2008)</a> and determined that they had findings consistent with Joubert syndrome. In an erratum, <a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Noor, A., Windpassinger, C., Patel, M., Stachowiak, B., Mikhailov, A., Azam, M., Irfan, M., Siddiqui, Z. K., Naeem, F., Paterson, A. D., Lutfullah, M., Vincent, J. B., Ayub, M. &lt;strong&gt;CC2D2A, encoding a coiled-coil and C2 domain protein, causes autosomal-recessive mental retardation with retinitis pigmentosa.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Hum. Genet. 82: 1011-1018, 2008. Note: Erratum: Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83: 656 only, 2008.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18387594/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;18387594&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=18387594[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.021&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="18387594">Noor et al. (2008)</a> agreed. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=18950740+18387594" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Gorden, N. T., Arts, H. H., Parisi, M. A., Coene, K. L. M., Letteboer, S. J. F., van Beersum, S. E. C., Mans, D. A., Hikida, A., Eckert, M., Knutzen, D., Alswaid, A. F., Ozyurek, H., and 23 others. &lt;strong&gt;CC2D2A is mutated in Joubert syndrome and interacts with the ciliopathy-associated basal body protein CEP290.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83: 559-571, 2008.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18950740/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;18950740&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=18950740[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.002&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="18950740">Gorden et al. (2008)</a> reported 7 families with Joubert syndrome linked to chromosome 4p. The clinical features were variable, but common features included the molar tooth sign, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, and abnormal eye movements. Two patients had retinal dystrophy and 2 had a history of encephalocele. One patient had abnormal renal ultrasound and hepatosplenomegaly, and another had renal disease. One additional patient was a 22-year-old woman with agenesis of the corpus callosum, hydrocephalus, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, abnormal eye movements, coloboma, mild renal disease, and hepatic fibrosis requiring liver transplant at age 10 years. <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Gorden, N. T., Arts, H. H., Parisi, M. A., Coene, K. L. M., Letteboer, S. J. F., van Beersum, S. E. C., Mans, D. A., Hikida, A., Eckert, M., Knutzen, D., Alswaid, A. F., Ozyurek, H., and 23 others. &lt;strong&gt;CC2D2A is mutated in Joubert syndrome and interacts with the ciliopathy-associated basal body protein CEP290.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83: 559-571, 2008.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18950740/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;18950740&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=18950740[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.002&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="18950740">Gorden et al. (2008)</a> noted that the features in this patient were reminiscent of COACH syndrome (COACH2; <a href="/entry/619111">619111</a>), which in some cases may be a variant representing a transitional phenotype between Joubert syndrome and Meckel syndrome (<a href="/entry/249000">249000</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=18950740" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p>The transmission pattern of JBTS9 in the family reported by <a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Noor, A., Windpassinger, C., Patel, M., Stachowiak, B., Mikhailov, A., Azam, M., Irfan, M., Siddiqui, Z. K., Naeem, F., Paterson, A. D., Lutfullah, M., Vincent, J. B., Ayub, M. &lt;strong&gt;CC2D2A, encoding a coiled-coil and C2 domain protein, causes autosomal-recessive mental retardation with retinitis pigmentosa.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Hum. Genet. 82: 1011-1018, 2008. Note: Erratum: Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83: 656 only, 2008.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18387594/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;18387594&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=18387594[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.021&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="18387594">Noor et al. (2008)</a> was consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=18387594" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p>In a consanguineous Pakistani family segregating Joubert syndrome, <a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Noor, A., Windpassinger, C., Patel, M., Stachowiak, B., Mikhailov, A., Azam, M., Irfan, M., Siddiqui, Z. K., Naeem, F., Paterson, A. D., Lutfullah, M., Vincent, J. B., Ayub, M. &lt;strong&gt;CC2D2A, encoding a coiled-coil and C2 domain protein, causes autosomal-recessive mental retardation with retinitis pigmentosa.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Hum. Genet. 82: 1011-1018, 2008. Note: Erratum: Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83: 656 only, 2008.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18387594/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;18387594&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=18387594[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.021&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="18387594">Noor et al. (2008)</a> performed homozygosity mapping using Affymetrix 500K microarrays and identified an 11.2-Mb homozygous and haploidentical region on chromosome 4p15.33-p15.2. Linkage analysis across this region yielded a maximum 2-point lod score of 3.59 at marker D4S419. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=18387594" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p>In affected members of a consanguineous Pakistani family with Joubert syndrome, <a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Noor, A., Windpassinger, C., Patel, M., Stachowiak, B., Mikhailov, A., Azam, M., Irfan, M., Siddiqui, Z. K., Naeem, F., Paterson, A. D., Lutfullah, M., Vincent, J. B., Ayub, M. &lt;strong&gt;CC2D2A, encoding a coiled-coil and C2 domain protein, causes autosomal-recessive mental retardation with retinitis pigmentosa.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Hum. Genet. 82: 1011-1018, 2008. Note: Erratum: Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83: 656 only, 2008.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18387594/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;18387594&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=18387594[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.021&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="18387594">Noor et al. (2008)</a> identified homozygosity for a splice site mutation in the CC2D2A gene (<a href="/entry/612013#0001">612013.0001</a>) that segregated with the phenotype. The mutation was not found in 460 Pakistani control chromosomes. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=18387594" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Gorden, N. T., Arts, H. H., Parisi, M. A., Coene, K. L. M., Letteboer, S. J. F., van Beersum, S. E. C., Mans, D. A., Hikida, A., Eckert, M., Knutzen, D., Alswaid, A. F., Ozyurek, H., and 23 others. &lt;strong&gt;CC2D2A is mutated in Joubert syndrome and interacts with the ciliopathy-associated basal body protein CEP290.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83: 559-571, 2008.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18950740/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;18950740&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=18950740[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.002&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="18950740">Gorden et al. (2008)</a> identified 7 different mutations in the CC2D2A gene (see, e.g., <a href="/entry/612013#0003">612013.0003</a>-<a href="/entry/612013#0006">612013.0006</a>) in 6 (9%) of 70 families with clinical features consistent with Joubert syndrome. One of the patients had COACH syndrome (COACH2; <a href="/entry/619111">619111</a>), defined as a subtype of Joubert syndrome with liver disease. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=18950740" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Lee, J. E., Silhavy, J. L., Zaki, M. S., Schroth, J., Bielas, S. L., Marsh, S. E., Olvera, J., Brancati, F., Iannicelli, M., Ikegami, K., Schlossman, A. M., Merriman, B., and 18 others. &lt;strong&gt;CEP41 is mutated in Joubert syndrome and is required for tubulin glutamylation at the cilium.&lt;/strong&gt; Nature Genet. 44: 193-199, 2012.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22246503/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;22246503&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=22246503[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.1078&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="22246503">Lee et al. (2012)</a> reported 2 patients with Joubert syndrome who had a heterozygous mutation in the CC2D2A gene, consistent with JBTS9 (see <a href="/entry/612013#0007">612013.0007</a> and <a href="/entry/612013#0009">612013.0009</a>), and a heterozygous mutation in the CEP41 gene (see <a href="/entry/612013#0005">612013.0005</a> and <a href="/entry/612013#0006">612013.0006</a>), consistent with JBTS15 (<a href="/entry/614464">614464</a>), indicating digenic inheritance. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22246503" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<strong>Genotype/Phenotype Correlations</strong>
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<p><a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Bachmann-Gagescu, R., Ishak, G. E., Dempsey, J. C., Adkins, J., O&#x27;Day, D., Phelps, I. G., Gunay-Aygun, M., Kline, A. D., Szczaluba, K., Martorell, L., Alswaid, A., Alrasheed, S., Pai, S., Izatt, L., Ronan, A., Parisi, M. A., Mefford, H., Glass, I., Doherty, D. &lt;strong&gt;Genotype-phenotype correlation in CC2D2A-related Joubert syndrome reveals an association with ventriculomegaly and seizures.&lt;/strong&gt; J. Med. Genet. 49: 126-137, 2012.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22241855/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;22241855&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100552&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="22241855">Bachmann-Gagescu et al. (2012)</a> identified biallelic pathogenic mutations in the CC2D2A gene in 20 patients from 17 unrelated families with Joubert syndrome. The patients were ascertained from a larger cohort of 209 families with the disorder, yielding a prevalence of about 8% for those with CC2D2A mutations. Patients with CC2D2A-related Joubert syndrome were more likely to have ventriculomegaly and seizures compared to Joubert syndrome patients without CC2D2A mutations. Although mutation-specific genotype-phenotype correlations could not be identified, most Joubert syndrome patients had at least 1 missense mutation, compared to those with the more severe Meckel syndrome, which tends to be associated with nonsense mutations (see <a href="/entry/612013#0002">612013.0002</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22241855" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
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<a id="Bachmann-Gagescu2012" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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Bachmann-Gagescu, R., Ishak, G. E., Dempsey, J. C., Adkins, J., O'Day, D., Phelps, I. G., Gunay-Aygun, M., Kline, A. D., Szczaluba, K., Martorell, L., Alswaid, A., Alrasheed, S., Pai, S., Izatt, L., Ronan, A., Parisi, M. A., Mefford, H., Glass, I., Doherty, D.
<strong>Genotype-phenotype correlation in CC2D2A-related Joubert syndrome reveals an association with ventriculomegaly and seizures.</strong>
J. Med. Genet. 49: 126-137, 2012.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22241855/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">22241855</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22241855" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100552" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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<a id="Gorden2008" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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Gorden, N. T., Arts, H. H., Parisi, M. A., Coene, K. L. M., Letteboer, S. J. F., van Beersum, S. E. C., Mans, D. A., Hikida, A., Eckert, M., Knutzen, D., Alswaid, A. F., Ozyurek, H., and 23 others.
<strong>CC2D2A is mutated in Joubert syndrome and interacts with the ciliopathy-associated basal body protein CEP290.</strong>
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83: 559-571, 2008.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18950740/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">18950740</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=18950740[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=18950740" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.002" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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<a id="Lee2012" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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Lee, J. E., Silhavy, J. L., Zaki, M. S., Schroth, J., Bielas, S. L., Marsh, S. E., Olvera, J., Brancati, F., Iannicelli, M., Ikegami, K., Schlossman, A. M., Merriman, B., and 18 others.
<strong>CEP41 is mutated in Joubert syndrome and is required for tubulin glutamylation at the cilium.</strong>
Nature Genet. 44: 193-199, 2012.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22246503/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">22246503</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=22246503[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22246503" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.1078" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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<a id="Noor2008" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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Noor, A., Windpassinger, C., Patel, M., Stachowiak, B., Mikhailov, A., Azam, M., Irfan, M., Siddiqui, Z. K., Naeem, F., Paterson, A. D., Lutfullah, M., Vincent, J. B., Ayub, M.
<strong>CC2D2A, encoding a coiled-coil and C2 domain protein, causes autosomal-recessive mental retardation with retinitis pigmentosa.</strong>
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 82: 1011-1018, 2008. Note: Erratum: Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83: 656 only, 2008.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18387594/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">18387594</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=18387594[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=18387594" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.021" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 9/18/2013
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Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 2/2/2012<br>Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 11/26/2008
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Marla J. F. O&#x27;Neill : 9/12/2008
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carol : 12/02/2020<br>alopez : 05/14/2019<br>carol : 09/30/2013<br>ckniffin : 9/18/2013<br>ckniffin : 9/18/2013<br>carol : 2/2/2012<br>wwang : 6/25/2010<br>ckniffin : 6/25/2010<br>terry : 1/21/2010<br>carol : 12/4/2008<br>ckniffin : 11/26/2008<br>joanna : 9/23/2008<br>wwang : 9/12/2008
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<strong>#</strong> 612285
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JOUBERT SYNDROME 9; JBTS9
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Other entities represented in this entry:
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JOUBERT SYNDROME 9/15, DIGENIC, INCLUDED
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<strong>ORPHA:</strong> 2318, 475; &nbsp;
<strong>DO:</strong> 0111004; &nbsp;
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<strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong>
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Location
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Phenotype
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Phenotype <br /> MIM number
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Inheritance
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Phenotype <br /> mapping key
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Gene/Locus
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4p15.32
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Joubert syndrome 9
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612285
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Autosomal recessive
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3
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CC2D2A
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612013
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<strong>TEXT</strong>
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<p>A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that Joubert syndrome-9 (JBTS9) is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CC2D2A gene (612013) on chromosome 4p15. Digenic inheritance has also been reported; see MOLECULAR GENETICS.</p><p>Meckel syndrome-6 (MKS6; 612284) and COACH syndrome-2 (COACH2; 619111) are allelic disorders with overlapping features.</p>
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<strong>Description</strong>
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<p>Joubert syndrome-9 (JBTS9) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypotonia, ataxia, developmental delay, abnormal eye movements, and abnormal respiratory control. Variable features include retinal dystrophy, kidney disease, and seizures. Brain imaging shows cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and the 'molar tooth sign.' Brain imaging may also show ventriculomegaly (Bachmann-Gagescu et al., 2012). </p><p>For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Joubert syndrome, see JBST1 (213300).</p>
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<strong>Clinical Features</strong>
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<p>Noor et al. (2008) ascertained a highly consanguineous Pakistani family segregating autosomal recessive mild to moderate mental retardation and retinitis pigmentosa (RP), with 4 living affected individuals; an additional family member with mental retardation was determined to be a 48,XXXX phenocopy. Height, weight, and occipitofrontal circumference were within the normal range in all affected individuals, and there was no facial dysmorphism. The 3 older patients all had retinitis pigmentosa, astigmatism, and nystagmus; the youngest, at age 3 years, did not have RP but did have astigmatism and nystagmus. RP was not present in other members of the family. The oldest affected individual also had early cataract. Gorden et al. (2008) reviewed the brain MRIs of the patients reported by Noor et al. (2008) and determined that they had findings consistent with Joubert syndrome. In an erratum, Noor et al. (2008) agreed. </p><p>Gorden et al. (2008) reported 7 families with Joubert syndrome linked to chromosome 4p. The clinical features were variable, but common features included the molar tooth sign, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, and abnormal eye movements. Two patients had retinal dystrophy and 2 had a history of encephalocele. One patient had abnormal renal ultrasound and hepatosplenomegaly, and another had renal disease. One additional patient was a 22-year-old woman with agenesis of the corpus callosum, hydrocephalus, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, abnormal eye movements, coloboma, mild renal disease, and hepatic fibrosis requiring liver transplant at age 10 years. Gorden et al. (2008) noted that the features in this patient were reminiscent of COACH syndrome (COACH2; 619111), which in some cases may be a variant representing a transitional phenotype between Joubert syndrome and Meckel syndrome (249000). </p>
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<strong>Inheritance</strong>
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<p>The transmission pattern of JBTS9 in the family reported by Noor et al. (2008) was consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. </p>
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<strong>Mapping</strong>
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<p>In a consanguineous Pakistani family segregating Joubert syndrome, Noor et al. (2008) performed homozygosity mapping using Affymetrix 500K microarrays and identified an 11.2-Mb homozygous and haploidentical region on chromosome 4p15.33-p15.2. Linkage analysis across this region yielded a maximum 2-point lod score of 3.59 at marker D4S419. </p>
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<strong>Molecular Genetics</strong>
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<p>In affected members of a consanguineous Pakistani family with Joubert syndrome, Noor et al. (2008) identified homozygosity for a splice site mutation in the CC2D2A gene (612013.0001) that segregated with the phenotype. The mutation was not found in 460 Pakistani control chromosomes. </p><p>Gorden et al. (2008) identified 7 different mutations in the CC2D2A gene (see, e.g., 612013.0003-612013.0006) in 6 (9%) of 70 families with clinical features consistent with Joubert syndrome. One of the patients had COACH syndrome (COACH2; 619111), defined as a subtype of Joubert syndrome with liver disease. </p><p>Lee et al. (2012) reported 2 patients with Joubert syndrome who had a heterozygous mutation in the CC2D2A gene, consistent with JBTS9 (see 612013.0007 and 612013.0009), and a heterozygous mutation in the CEP41 gene (see 612013.0005 and 612013.0006), consistent with JBTS15 (614464), indicating digenic inheritance. </p>
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<strong>Genotype/Phenotype Correlations</strong>
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<p>Bachmann-Gagescu et al. (2012) identified biallelic pathogenic mutations in the CC2D2A gene in 20 patients from 17 unrelated families with Joubert syndrome. The patients were ascertained from a larger cohort of 209 families with the disorder, yielding a prevalence of about 8% for those with CC2D2A mutations. Patients with CC2D2A-related Joubert syndrome were more likely to have ventriculomegaly and seizures compared to Joubert syndrome patients without CC2D2A mutations. Although mutation-specific genotype-phenotype correlations could not be identified, most Joubert syndrome patients had at least 1 missense mutation, compared to those with the more severe Meckel syndrome, which tends to be associated with nonsense mutations (see 612013.0002). </p>
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<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
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<p class="mim-text-font">
Bachmann-Gagescu, R., Ishak, G. E., Dempsey, J. C., Adkins, J., O'Day, D., Phelps, I. G., Gunay-Aygun, M., Kline, A. D., Szczaluba, K., Martorell, L., Alswaid, A., Alrasheed, S., Pai, S., Izatt, L., Ronan, A., Parisi, M. A., Mefford, H., Glass, I., Doherty, D.
<strong>Genotype-phenotype correlation in CC2D2A-related Joubert syndrome reveals an association with ventriculomegaly and seizures.</strong>
J. Med. Genet. 49: 126-137, 2012.
[PubMed: 22241855]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100552]
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<li>
<p class="mim-text-font">
Gorden, N. T., Arts, H. H., Parisi, M. A., Coene, K. L. M., Letteboer, S. J. F., van Beersum, S. E. C., Mans, D. A., Hikida, A., Eckert, M., Knutzen, D., Alswaid, A. F., Ozyurek, H., and 23 others.
<strong>CC2D2A is mutated in Joubert syndrome and interacts with the ciliopathy-associated basal body protein CEP290.</strong>
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83: 559-571, 2008.
[PubMed: 18950740]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.002]
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</li>
<li>
<p class="mim-text-font">
Lee, J. E., Silhavy, J. L., Zaki, M. S., Schroth, J., Bielas, S. L., Marsh, S. E., Olvera, J., Brancati, F., Iannicelli, M., Ikegami, K., Schlossman, A. M., Merriman, B., and 18 others.
<strong>CEP41 is mutated in Joubert syndrome and is required for tubulin glutamylation at the cilium.</strong>
Nature Genet. 44: 193-199, 2012.
[PubMed: 22246503]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.1078]
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</li>
<li>
<p class="mim-text-font">
Noor, A., Windpassinger, C., Patel, M., Stachowiak, B., Mikhailov, A., Azam, M., Irfan, M., Siddiqui, Z. K., Naeem, F., Paterson, A. D., Lutfullah, M., Vincent, J. B., Ayub, M.
<strong>CC2D2A, encoding a coiled-coil and C2 domain protein, causes autosomal-recessive mental retardation with retinitis pigmentosa.</strong>
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 82: 1011-1018, 2008. Note: Erratum: Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83: 656 only, 2008.
[PubMed: 18387594]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.021]
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Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 9/18/2013<br>Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 2/2/2012<br>Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 11/26/2008
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