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<title>
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Entry
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- #610828 - HOLOPROSENCEPHALY 7; HPE7
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- OMIM
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<span class="h4">#610828</span>
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<br />
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<strong>Table of Contents</strong>
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<a href="#phenotypeMap"><strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong></a>
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<a href="/phenotypicSeries/PS236100"> <strong>Phenotypic Series</strong> </a>
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<a href="#description">Description</a>
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<a href="#clinicalFeatures">Clinical Features</a>
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<a href="#molecularGenetics">Molecular Genetics</a>
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<a href="#contributors"><strong>Contributors</strong></a>
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<a href="#creationDate"><strong>Creation Date</strong></a>
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<div><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/ClinicalLabs_Search_Simple.php?lng=EN&LnkId=301&Typ=Pat" class="mim-tip-hint" title="A list of European laboratories that offer genetic testing." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'EuroGentest', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">EuroGentest</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1530/" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Expert-authored, peer-reviewed descriptions of inherited disorders including the uses of genetic testing in diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Gene Reviews', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">Gene Reviews</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=2162" class="mim-tip-hint" title="European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'OrphaNet', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">OrphaNet</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.alliancegenome.org/disease/DOID:0110876" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Search Across Species; explore model organism and human comparative genomics." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Alliance Genome', 'domain': 'alliancegenome.org'})">Alliance Genome</a></div>
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<div><a href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/disease/610828" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Phenotypes, alleles, and disease models from Mouse Genome Informatics." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MGI Mouse Phenotype', 'domain': 'informatics.jax.org'})">MGI Mouse Phenotype</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://omia.org/OMIA000478/" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) is a database of genes, inherited disorders and traits in 191 animal species (other than human and mouse.)" target="_blank">OMIA</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://wormbase.org/resources/disease/DOID:0110876" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Database of the biology and genome of Caenorhabditis elegans and related nematodes." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Wormbase Disease Ontology', 'domain': 'wormbase.org'})">Wormbase Disease Ontology</a></div>
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<span class="mim-tip-bottom" qtip_title="<strong>Looking for this gene or this phenotype in other resources?</strong>" qtip_text="Select a related resource from the dropdown menu and click for a targeted link to information directly relevant.">
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<a id="title" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<a id="number" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div class="text-right">
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<a href="#" class="mim-tip-icd" qtip_title="<strong>ICD+</strong>" qtip_text="
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<strong>ORPHA:</strong> 2162<br />
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<strong>DO:</strong> 0110876<br />
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">ICD+</a>
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<span class="h3">
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<span class="mim-font mim-tip-hint" title="Phenotype description, molecular basis known">
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<span class="text-danger"><strong>#</strong></span>
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610828
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<a id="preferredTitle" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h3>
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<span class="mim-font">
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HOLOPROSENCEPHALY 7; HPE7
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</h3>
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<div>
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<br />
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<a id="phenotypeMap" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h4>
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<span class="mim-font">
|
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<strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong>
|
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</span>
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</h4>
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<div>
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<table class="table table-bordered table-condensed table-hover small mim-table-padding">
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<thead>
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Location
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</th>
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|
<th>
|
|
Phenotype
|
|
</th>
|
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<th>
|
|
Phenotype <br /> MIM number
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
Inheritance
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
Phenotype <br /> mapping key
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
Gene/Locus
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
Gene/Locus <br /> MIM number
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/9/331?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=331">
|
|
9q22.32
|
|
</a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
Holoprosencephaly 7
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/610828"> 610828 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
PTCH1
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/601309"> 601309 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
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|
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|
|
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|
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<div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="btn-group ">
|
|
<a href="/clinicalSynopsis/610828" class="btn btn-warning" role="button"> Clinical Synopsis </a>
|
|
<button type="button" id="mimPhenotypicSeriesToggle" class="btn btn-warning dropdown-toggle mimSingletonFoldToggle" data-toggle="collapse" href="#mimClinicalSynopsisFold" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Unfurl', 'ClinicalSynopsis', 'omim.org')">
|
|
<span class="caret"></span>
|
|
<span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="btn-group">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/phenotypicSeries/PS236100" class="btn btn-info" role="button"> Phenotypic Series </a>
|
|
|
|
<button type="button" id="mimPhenotypicSeriesToggle" class="btn btn-info dropdown-toggle mimSingletonFoldToggle" data-toggle="collapse" href="#mimPhenotypicSeriesFold" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Unfurl', 'PhenotypicSeries', 'omim.org')">
|
|
<span class="caret"></span>
|
|
<span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="btn-group">
|
|
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
PheneGene Graphics <span class="caret"></span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
<ul class="dropdown-menu" style="width: 17em;">
|
|
<li><a href="/graph/linear/610828" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_graph', {'destination': 'Linear'})"> Linear </a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/graph/radial/610828" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_graph', {'destination': 'Radial'})"> Radial </a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign mim-tip-hint" title="OMIM PheneGene graphics depict relationships between phenotypes, groups of related phenotypes (Phenotypic Series), and genes.<br /><a href='/static/omim/pdf/OMIM_Graphics.pdf' target='_blank'>A quick reference overview and guide (PDF)</a>"></span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<p />
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="mimClinicalSynopsisFold" class="well well-sm collapse mimSingletonToggleFold">
|
|
<div class="small" style="margin: 5px">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> INHERITANCE </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Autosomal dominant <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/263681008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">263681008</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/771269000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">771269000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0443147&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0443147</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1867440&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1867440</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000006</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000006</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> HEAD & NECK </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Head </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Macrocephaly <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/12138000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">12138000</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/1145403003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">1145403003</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q75.3" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q75.3</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0221355&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0221355</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C2243051&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C2243051</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000256" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000256</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001355" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001355</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000256" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000256</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=dd989bb153739761147ef05dc870b050" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Macrocephaly-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=dd989bb153739761147ef05dc870b050" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Face </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Midface hypoplasia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1853242&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1853242</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0011800" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0011800</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0011800" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0011800</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=f0adae8ae2dc0ad9ed28c3c3e0e8f8a9" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Midface_Retrusion-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=f0adae8ae2dc0ad9ed28c3c3e0e8f8a9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
|
|
Hypoplastic premaxilla <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4315000&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4315000</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Eyes </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Upslanting palpebral fissures <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/246799009" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">246799009</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0423109&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0423109</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000582" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000582</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000582" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000582</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Hypotelorism <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/44593008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">44593008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0424711&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0424711</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000601" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000601</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000601" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000601</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=9e1b9a0002dbf80898b12acc19faf05e" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Eyes,Closely_Spaced-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=9e1b9a0002dbf80898b12acc19faf05e" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Nose </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Hypoplastic nose (in 1 patient) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1854114&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1854114</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003196" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003196</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003196" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003196</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Flattened alae <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4314998&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4314998</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Flattened nasal tip <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1859717&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1859717</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000437" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000437</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000437" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000437</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Mouth </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Cleft lip <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/80281008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">80281008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q36" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q36</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q36.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q36.9</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/749.1" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">749.1</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/749.10" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">749.10</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0008924&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0008924</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4321245&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4321245</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000204" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000204</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0410030" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0410030</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0410030" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0410030</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Cleft palate <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/63567004" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">63567004</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/87979003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">87979003</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q35.5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q35.5</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q35" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q35</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q35.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q35.9</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/749.00" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">749.00</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/749.0" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">749.0</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1837218&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1837218</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C2981150&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C2981150</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C2240378&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C2240378</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0008925&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0008925</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000175" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000175</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000175" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000175</a>]</span><br />
|
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|
</span>
|
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</div>
|
|
</div>
|
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<div>
|
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<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Teeth </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Single central maxillary incisor <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/707609006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">707609006</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1840235&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1840235</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0006315" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0006315</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
|
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<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> ABDOMEN </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
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<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> External Features </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Omphalocele (in 1 patient) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/18735004" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">18735004</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q79.2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q79.2</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/756.72" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">756.72</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0795690&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0795690</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001539" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001539</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001539" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001539</a>]</span><br />
|
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|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> NEUROLOGIC </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Central Nervous System </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Holoprosencephaly, semilobar or alobar <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4315001&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4315001</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Hydrocephalus <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/230745008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">230745008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/G91" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">G91</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/G91.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">G91.9</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0020255&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0020255</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000238" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000238</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000238" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000238</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Agenesis of corpus callosum <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/5102002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">5102002</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q04.0" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q04.0</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0175754&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0175754</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001274" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001274</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001274" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001274</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Developmental delay <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/248290002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">248290002</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/224958001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">224958001</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/F88" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">F88</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/315.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">315.9</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0557874&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0557874</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0424605&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0424605</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001263" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001263</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001263" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001263</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Seizures <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/91175000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">91175000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0036572&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0036572</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001250" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001250</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001250" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001250</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> ENDOCRINE FEATURES </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Panhypopituitarism <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/32390006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">32390006</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/E23.0" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">E23.0</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/253.2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">253.2</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0242343&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0242343</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1420326&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1420326</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000871" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000871</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000871" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000871</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> MISCELLANEOUS </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Incomplete penetrance <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1836598&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1836598</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003829" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003829</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003829" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003829</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> MOLECULAR BASIS </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Caused by mutation in the patched 1 gene (PTCH1, <a href="/entry/601309#0011">601309.0011</a>)<br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="text-right">
|
|
<a href="#mimClinicalSynopsisFold" data-toggle="collapse">▲ Close</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
<div id="mimPhenotypicSeriesFold" class="well well-sm collapse mimSingletonToggleFold">
|
|
<div class="small">
|
|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
<div class="row">
|
|
<div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12">
|
|
<h5>
|
|
Holoprosencephaly
|
|
- <a href="/phenotypicSeries/PS236100">PS236100</a>
|
|
- 14 Entries
|
|
</h5>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="row" style="margin-left: 0.125em; margin-right: 0.125em;">
|
|
<table class="table table-bordered table-condensed table-hover mim-table-padding">
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
|
|
<strong>Location</strong>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th class="col-lg-5 col-md-5 col-sm-5 col-xs-6 text-nowrap">
|
|
<strong>Phenotype</strong>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
|
|
<strong>Inheritance</strong>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
|
|
<strong>Phenotype<br />mapping key</strong>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
|
|
<strong>Phenotype<br />MIM number</strong>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
|
|
<strong>Gene/Locus</strong>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
|
|
<strong>Gene/Locus<br />MIM number</strong>
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/1/1701?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=1701"> 1q41-q42 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/612530"> Chromosome 1q41-q42 deletion syndrome </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Isolated cases">IC</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="4 - A contiguous gene duplication or deletion syndrome in which multiple genes are involved"> 4 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/612530"> 612530 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/612530"> DEL1q41q42 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/612530"> 612530 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/2/225?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=225"> 2p21 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/157170"> Holoprosencephaly 2 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/157170"> 157170 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/603714"> SIX3 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/603714"> 603714 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/2/610?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=610"> 2q14.2 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/610829"> Holoprosencephaly 9 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/610829"> 610829 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/165230"> GLI2 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/165230"> 165230 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/2/1084?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=1084"> 2q37.1-q37.3 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/605934"> Holoprosencephaly 6 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="2 - The disorder was placed on the map by statistical methods"> 2 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/605934"> 605934 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/605934"> HPE6 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/605934"> 605934 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/3/801?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=801"> 3q25.31 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/619895"> Holoprosencephaly 14 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/619895"> 619895 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/612835"> PLCH1 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/612835"> 612835 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/7/854?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=854"> 7q36.3 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/142945"> Holoprosencephaly 3 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/142945"> 142945 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/600725"> SHH </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/600725"> 600725 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/9/331?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=331"> 9q22.32 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/610828"> Holoprosencephaly 7 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/610828"> 610828 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/601309"> PTCH1 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/601309"> 601309 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/11/1072?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=1072"> 11q24.2 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/614226"> Holoprosencephaly 11 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/614226"> 614226 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/608707"> CDON </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/608707"> 608707 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/13/285?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=285"> 13q32.3 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/609637"> Holoprosencephaly 5 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/609637"> 609637 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/603073"> ZIC2 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/603073"> 603073 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/14/157?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=157"> 14q13 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/609408"> Holoprosencephaly 8 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="2 - The disorder was placed on the map by statistical methods"> 2 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/609408"> 609408 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/609408"> HPE8 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/609408"> 609408 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/16/504?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=504"> 16q21 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/618500"> Holoprosencephaly 12, with or without pancreatic agenesis </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/618500"> 618500 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/604917"> CNOT1 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/604917"> 604917 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/18/30?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=30"> 18p11.31 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/142946"> Holoprosencephaly 4 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/142946"> 142946 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/602630"> TGIF1 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/602630"> 602630 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/21/120?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=120"> 21q22.3 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/236100"> Holoprosencephaly 1 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>, <abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Isolated cases">IC</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="2 - The disorder was placed on the map by statistical methods"> 2 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/236100"> 236100 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/236100"> HPE1 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/236100"> 236100 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
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<p>A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that holoprosencephaly-7 (HPE7) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the PTCH1 gene (<a href="/entry/601309">601309</a>) on chromosome 9q22.</p>
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<p>Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most commonly occurring congenital structural forebrain anomaly in humans. HPE is associated with mental retardation and craniofacial malformations. Considerable heterogeneity in the genetic causes of HPE has been demonstrated (<a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ming, J. E., Kaupas, M. E., Roessler, E., Brunner, H. G., Golabi, M., Tekin, M., Stratton, R. F., Sujansky, E., Bale, S. J., Muenke, M. <strong>Mutations in PATCHED-1, the receptor for SONIC HEDGEHOG, are associated with holoprosencephaly.</strong> Hum. Genet. 110: 297-301, 2002. Note: Erratum: Hum. Genet. 111: 464 only, 2002.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11941477/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">11941477</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-002-0695-5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="11941477">Ming et al., 2002</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=11941477" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>For general phenotypic information and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of holoprosencephaly, see HPE1 (<a href="/entry/236100">236100</a>).</p>
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<p><a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ming, J. E., Kaupas, M. E., Roessler, E., Brunner, H. G., Golabi, M., Tekin, M., Stratton, R. F., Sujansky, E., Bale, S. J., Muenke, M. <strong>Mutations in PATCHED-1, the receptor for SONIC HEDGEHOG, are associated with holoprosencephaly.</strong> Hum. Genet. 110: 297-301, 2002. Note: Erratum: Hum. Genet. 111: 464 only, 2002.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11941477/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">11941477</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-002-0695-5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="11941477">Ming et al. (2002)</a> described 5 probands from 5 families affected with HPE7. One female proband had semilobar HPE, absence of the corpus callosum, and fusion of the thalami. Her brother had a single central maxillary incisor, bilateral cleft lip/palate, and developmental delay. In a second pedigree, a female proband had HPE and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, panhypopituitarism, midline cleft lip and palate, a small omphalocele, and mild to moderate developmental delay. In the report by <a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ming, J. E., Kaupas, M. E., Roessler, E., Brunner, H. G., Golabi, M., Tekin, M., Stratton, R. F., Sujansky, E., Bale, S. J., Muenke, M. <strong>Mutations in PATCHED-1, the receptor for SONIC HEDGEHOG, are associated with holoprosencephaly.</strong> Hum. Genet. 110: 297-301, 2002. Note: Erratum: Hum. Genet. 111: 464 only, 2002.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11941477/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">11941477</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-002-0695-5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="11941477">Ming et al. (2002)</a>, 3 families studied had an asymptomatic parent with normal cognitive function who carried the same mutation as the offspring with holoprosencephaly. <a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ming, J. E., Kaupas, M. E., Roessler, E., Brunner, H. G., Golabi, M., Tekin, M., Stratton, R. F., Sujansky, E., Bale, S. J., Muenke, M. <strong>Mutations in PATCHED-1, the receptor for SONIC HEDGEHOG, are associated with holoprosencephaly.</strong> Hum. Genet. 110: 297-301, 2002. Note: Erratum: Hum. Genet. 111: 464 only, 2002.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11941477/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">11941477</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-002-0695-5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="11941477">Ming et al. (2002)</a> quoted <a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Cohen, M. M., Jr. <strong>Perspectives on holoprosencephaly: Part I. Epidemiology, genetics, and syndromology.</strong> Teratology 40: 211-235, 1989.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2688166/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">2688166</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420400304" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="2688166">Cohen (1989)</a>, who estimated that approximately one-third of obligate carriers of autosomal dominant forms of HPE are asymptomatic with normal cognitive function. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=11941477+2688166" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>In a 5-year-old Brazilian girl with a holoprosencephaly-like phenotype, <a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Rahimov, F., Ribeiro, L. A., de Miranda, E., Richieri-Costa, A., Murray, J. C. <strong>GLI2 mutations in four Brazilian patients: how wide is the phenotypic spectrum?</strong> Am. J. Med. Genet. 140A: 2571-2576, 2006.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17096318/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">17096318</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.31370" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="17096318">Rahimov et al. (2006)</a> identified double heterozygosity for a T728M mutation in the PTCH1 gene (<a href="/entry/601309#0012">601309.0012</a>) and an R151G mutation in the GLI2 gene (<a href="/entry/165230#0003">165230.0003</a>). Clinical features included large ears, hypoplastic anterior nasal spine, diminished frontonasal angle, hypotelorism, hypoplastic premaxilla, hypoplastic nose with flattened alae and nasal tip, poorly developed philtrum, bilateral cleft lip/palate, malocclusion, and normal neuropsychologic development. MRI demonstrated mild gyral asymmetry in the perisylvian areas. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=17096318" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#6" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ribeiro, L. A., Murray, J. C., Richieri-Costa, A. <strong>PTCH mutations in four Brazilian patients with holoprosencephaly and in one with holoprosencephaly-like features and normal MRI.</strong> Am. J. Med. Genet. 140A: 2584-2586, 2006.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17001668/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">17001668</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.31369" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="17001668">Ribeiro et al. (2006)</a> described 5 Brazilian probands, 4 with holoprosencephaly and 1 with holoprosencephaly-like facial features with normal MRI. In 2 probands with the same PTCH1 mutation (<a href="/entry/601309#0015">601309.0015</a>), the phenotypic presentation was different: alobar HPE, absent nasal septum, and midline cleft lip-palate in 1 patient, and lobar HPE, macrocephaly, hypertelorism, clefting of the nose, severe microphthalmia, and a single maxillary central incisor in the other. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=17001668" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Derwinska, K., Smyk, M., Cooper, M. L., Bader, P., Cheung, S. W., Stankiewicz, P. <strong>PTCH1 duplication in a family with microcephaly and mild developmental delay.</strong> Europ. J. Hum. Genet. 17: 267-271, 2009.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18830227/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">18830227</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=18830227[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2008.176" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="18830227">Derwinska et al. (2009)</a> reported a mother and son with microcephaly and mild developmental delay and a 364-kb duplication encompassing the entire PTCH1 gene on chromosome 9q22.32. The 21-month-old boy had mild dysmorphic features, including flat occiput, broad facies with frontal and biparietal bossing, arched eyebrows, inner epicanthal folds, short, prominent and upturned nose, broad nasal root, long flat philtrum, and thin upper lip. He also had brachydactyly and loose joints. The mother had a broad forehead, protruding ears, prominent nose, arched eyebrows, malar flatness, and a high palate. The mother had 7 previous miscarriages. <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Derwinska, K., Smyk, M., Cooper, M. L., Bader, P., Cheung, S. W., Stankiewicz, P. <strong>PTCH1 duplication in a family with microcephaly and mild developmental delay.</strong> Europ. J. Hum. Genet. 17: 267-271, 2009.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18830227/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">18830227</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=18830227[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2008.176" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="18830227">Derwinska et al. (2009)</a> postulated that a gain of function of PTCH1 may be involved in a holoprosencephaly-like phenotype, which includes microcephaly. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=18830227" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p><a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ming, J. E., Kaupas, M. E., Roessler, E., Brunner, H. G., Golabi, M., Tekin, M., Stratton, R. F., Sujansky, E., Bale, S. J., Muenke, M. <strong>Mutations in PATCHED-1, the receptor for SONIC HEDGEHOG, are associated with holoprosencephaly.</strong> Hum. Genet. 110: 297-301, 2002. Note: Erratum: Hum. Genet. 111: 464 only, 2002.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11941477/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">11941477</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-002-0695-5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="11941477">Ming et al. (2002)</a> hypothesized that mutations in genes encoding other components of the SHH (<a href="/entry/600725">600725</a>) signaling pathway could be associated with HPE. PTCH1, the receptor for SHH, normally acts to repress SHH signaling. This repression is relieved when SHH binds to PTCH1. <a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ming, J. E., Kaupas, M. E., Roessler, E., Brunner, H. G., Golabi, M., Tekin, M., Stratton, R. F., Sujansky, E., Bale, S. J., Muenke, M. <strong>Mutations in PATCHED-1, the receptor for SONIC HEDGEHOG, are associated with holoprosencephaly.</strong> Hum. Genet. 110: 297-301, 2002. Note: Erratum: Hum. Genet. 111: 464 only, 2002.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11941477/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">11941477</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-002-0695-5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="11941477">Ming et al. (2002)</a> identified 4 different mutations in PTCH1 (<a href="/entry/601309#0011">601309.0011</a>-<a href="/entry/601309#0014">601309.0014</a>) in 5 unrelated affected individuals. They predicted that by enhancing the repressive activity of PTCH on the SHH pathway, these mutations caused decreased SHH signaling, with resulting HPE. The mutations could affect the ability of PTCH to bind SHH or perturb the intracellular interactions of PTCH with other proteins involved in SHH signaling. The findings demonstrated further genetic heterogeneity associated with the HPE phenotype, as well as showing that mutations in different components of a single signaling pathway can result in the same clinical disorder. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=11941477" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#6" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ribeiro, L. A., Murray, J. C., Richieri-Costa, A. <strong>PTCH mutations in four Brazilian patients with holoprosencephaly and in one with holoprosencephaly-like features and normal MRI.</strong> Am. J. Med. Genet. 140A: 2584-2586, 2006.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17001668/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">17001668</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.31369" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="17001668">Ribeiro et al. (2006)</a> identified 4 different PTCH1 mutations (see, e.g., <a href="/entry/601309#0015">601309.0015</a>) in 4 Brazilian probands with HPE7 and 1 proband with a holoprosencephaly-like facial phenotype but normal MRI (<a href="/entry/601309#0014">601309.0014</a>). One of the patients with holoprosencephaly described by <a href="#6" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ribeiro, L. A., Murray, J. C., Richieri-Costa, A. <strong>PTCH mutations in four Brazilian patients with holoprosencephaly and in one with holoprosencephaly-like features and normal MRI.</strong> Am. J. Med. Genet. 140A: 2584-2586, 2006.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17001668/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">17001668</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.31369" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="17001668">Ribeiro et al. (2006)</a> was considered by <a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Guion-Almeida, M. L., Zechi-Ceide, R. M., Richieri-Costa, A. <strong>Cerebro-oculo-nasal syndrome: 13 new Brazilian cases.</strong> Am. J. Med. Genet. 143A: 3252-3266, 2007.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17985375/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">17985375</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.32090" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="17985375">Guion-Almeida et al. (2007)</a> to have cerebrooculonasal syndrome (CONS; <a href="/entry/605627">605627</a>); see <a href="/entry/601309#0015">601309.0015</a>. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=17985375+17001668" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
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<a id="1" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<a id="Cohen1989" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div class="">
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<p class="mim-text-font">
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Cohen, M. M., Jr.
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<strong>Perspectives on holoprosencephaly: Part I. Epidemiology, genetics, and syndromology.</strong>
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Teratology 40: 211-235, 1989.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2688166/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">2688166</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=2688166" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420400304" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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<a id="Derwinska2009" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div class="">
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<p class="mim-text-font">
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Derwinska, K., Smyk, M., Cooper, M. L., Bader, P., Cheung, S. W., Stankiewicz, P.
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<strong>PTCH1 duplication in a family with microcephaly and mild developmental delay.</strong>
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Europ. J. Hum. Genet. 17: 267-271, 2009.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18830227/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">18830227</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=18830227[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=18830227" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2008.176" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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<a id="Guion-Almeida2007" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div class="">
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<p class="mim-text-font">
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Guion-Almeida, M. L., Zechi-Ceide, R. M., Richieri-Costa, A.
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<strong>Cerebro-oculo-nasal syndrome: 13 new Brazilian cases.</strong>
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Am. J. Med. Genet. 143A: 3252-3266, 2007.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17985375/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">17985375</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=17985375" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.32090" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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<a id="Ming2002" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<p class="mim-text-font">
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Ming, J. E., Kaupas, M. E., Roessler, E., Brunner, H. G., Golabi, M., Tekin, M., Stratton, R. F., Sujansky, E., Bale, S. J., Muenke, M.
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<strong>Mutations in PATCHED-1, the receptor for SONIC HEDGEHOG, are associated with holoprosencephaly.</strong>
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Hum. Genet. 110: 297-301, 2002. Note: Erratum: Hum. Genet. 111: 464 only, 2002.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11941477/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">11941477</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=11941477" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-002-0695-5" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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<a id="5" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<a id="Rahimov2006" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div class="">
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Rahimov, F., Ribeiro, L. A., de Miranda, E., Richieri-Costa, A., Murray, J. C.
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<strong>GLI2 mutations in four Brazilian patients: how wide is the phenotypic spectrum?</strong>
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Am. J. Med. Genet. 140A: 2571-2576, 2006.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17096318/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">17096318</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=17096318" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.31370" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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<a id="6" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<a id="Ribeiro2006" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<p class="mim-text-font">
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Ribeiro, L. A., Murray, J. C., Richieri-Costa, A.
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<strong>PTCH mutations in four Brazilian patients with holoprosencephaly and in one with holoprosencephaly-like features and normal MRI.</strong>
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Am. J. Med. Genet. 140A: 2584-2586, 2006.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17001668/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">17001668</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=17001668" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.31369" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-6">
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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Nara Sobreira - updated : 9/9/2009
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 8/31/2009
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Creation Date:
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<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-6">
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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Victor A. McKusick : 2/28/2007
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carol : 05/26/2022
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carol : 09/19/2013<br>carol : 9/9/2009<br>wwang : 9/9/2009<br>ckniffin : 8/31/2009<br>wwang : 3/1/2007
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<strong>#</strong> 610828
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HOLOPROSENCEPHALY 7; HPE7
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<strong>ORPHA:</strong> 2162;
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<strong>DO:</strong> 0110876;
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<strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong>
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Phenotype
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Inheritance
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Phenotype <br /> mapping key
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9q22.32
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Holoprosencephaly 7
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610828
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Autosomal dominant
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3
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PTCH1
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<span class="mim-font">
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601309
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<strong>TEXT</strong>
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<p>A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that holoprosencephaly-7 (HPE7) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the PTCH1 gene (601309) on chromosome 9q22.</p>
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<strong>Description</strong>
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<p>Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most commonly occurring congenital structural forebrain anomaly in humans. HPE is associated with mental retardation and craniofacial malformations. Considerable heterogeneity in the genetic causes of HPE has been demonstrated (Ming et al., 2002). </p><p>For general phenotypic information and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of holoprosencephaly, see HPE1 (236100).</p>
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<strong>Clinical Features</strong>
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<p>Ming et al. (2002) described 5 probands from 5 families affected with HPE7. One female proband had semilobar HPE, absence of the corpus callosum, and fusion of the thalami. Her brother had a single central maxillary incisor, bilateral cleft lip/palate, and developmental delay. In a second pedigree, a female proband had HPE and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, panhypopituitarism, midline cleft lip and palate, a small omphalocele, and mild to moderate developmental delay. In the report by Ming et al. (2002), 3 families studied had an asymptomatic parent with normal cognitive function who carried the same mutation as the offspring with holoprosencephaly. Ming et al. (2002) quoted Cohen (1989), who estimated that approximately one-third of obligate carriers of autosomal dominant forms of HPE are asymptomatic with normal cognitive function. </p><p>In a 5-year-old Brazilian girl with a holoprosencephaly-like phenotype, Rahimov et al. (2006) identified double heterozygosity for a T728M mutation in the PTCH1 gene (601309.0012) and an R151G mutation in the GLI2 gene (165230.0003). Clinical features included large ears, hypoplastic anterior nasal spine, diminished frontonasal angle, hypotelorism, hypoplastic premaxilla, hypoplastic nose with flattened alae and nasal tip, poorly developed philtrum, bilateral cleft lip/palate, malocclusion, and normal neuropsychologic development. MRI demonstrated mild gyral asymmetry in the perisylvian areas. </p><p>Ribeiro et al. (2006) described 5 Brazilian probands, 4 with holoprosencephaly and 1 with holoprosencephaly-like facial features with normal MRI. In 2 probands with the same PTCH1 mutation (601309.0015), the phenotypic presentation was different: alobar HPE, absent nasal septum, and midline cleft lip-palate in 1 patient, and lobar HPE, macrocephaly, hypertelorism, clefting of the nose, severe microphthalmia, and a single maxillary central incisor in the other. </p><p>Derwinska et al. (2009) reported a mother and son with microcephaly and mild developmental delay and a 364-kb duplication encompassing the entire PTCH1 gene on chromosome 9q22.32. The 21-month-old boy had mild dysmorphic features, including flat occiput, broad facies with frontal and biparietal bossing, arched eyebrows, inner epicanthal folds, short, prominent and upturned nose, broad nasal root, long flat philtrum, and thin upper lip. He also had brachydactyly and loose joints. The mother had a broad forehead, protruding ears, prominent nose, arched eyebrows, malar flatness, and a high palate. The mother had 7 previous miscarriages. Derwinska et al. (2009) postulated that a gain of function of PTCH1 may be involved in a holoprosencephaly-like phenotype, which includes microcephaly. </p>
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<h4>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<strong>Molecular Genetics</strong>
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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<p>Ming et al. (2002) hypothesized that mutations in genes encoding other components of the SHH (600725) signaling pathway could be associated with HPE. PTCH1, the receptor for SHH, normally acts to repress SHH signaling. This repression is relieved when SHH binds to PTCH1. Ming et al. (2002) identified 4 different mutations in PTCH1 (601309.0011-601309.0014) in 5 unrelated affected individuals. They predicted that by enhancing the repressive activity of PTCH on the SHH pathway, these mutations caused decreased SHH signaling, with resulting HPE. The mutations could affect the ability of PTCH to bind SHH or perturb the intracellular interactions of PTCH with other proteins involved in SHH signaling. The findings demonstrated further genetic heterogeneity associated with the HPE phenotype, as well as showing that mutations in different components of a single signaling pathway can result in the same clinical disorder. </p><p>Ribeiro et al. (2006) identified 4 different PTCH1 mutations (see, e.g., 601309.0015) in 4 Brazilian probands with HPE7 and 1 proband with a holoprosencephaly-like facial phenotype but normal MRI (601309.0014). One of the patients with holoprosencephaly described by Ribeiro et al. (2006) was considered by Guion-Almeida et al. (2007) to have cerebrooculonasal syndrome (CONS; 605627); see 601309.0015. </p>
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<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
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Cohen, M. M., Jr.
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<strong>Perspectives on holoprosencephaly: Part I. Epidemiology, genetics, and syndromology.</strong>
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Teratology 40: 211-235, 1989.
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[PubMed: 2688166]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420400304]
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Derwinska, K., Smyk, M., Cooper, M. L., Bader, P., Cheung, S. W., Stankiewicz, P.
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<strong>PTCH1 duplication in a family with microcephaly and mild developmental delay.</strong>
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Europ. J. Hum. Genet. 17: 267-271, 2009.
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[PubMed: 18830227]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2008.176]
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Guion-Almeida, M. L., Zechi-Ceide, R. M., Richieri-Costa, A.
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<strong>Cerebro-oculo-nasal syndrome: 13 new Brazilian cases.</strong>
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Am. J. Med. Genet. 143A: 3252-3266, 2007.
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[PubMed: 17985375]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.32090]
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Ming, J. E., Kaupas, M. E., Roessler, E., Brunner, H. G., Golabi, M., Tekin, M., Stratton, R. F., Sujansky, E., Bale, S. J., Muenke, M.
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<strong>Mutations in PATCHED-1, the receptor for SONIC HEDGEHOG, are associated with holoprosencephaly.</strong>
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Hum. Genet. 110: 297-301, 2002. Note: Erratum: Hum. Genet. 111: 464 only, 2002.
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[PubMed: 11941477]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-002-0695-5]
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Rahimov, F., Ribeiro, L. A., de Miranda, E., Richieri-Costa, A., Murray, J. C.
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<strong>GLI2 mutations in four Brazilian patients: how wide is the phenotypic spectrum?</strong>
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Am. J. Med. Genet. 140A: 2571-2576, 2006.
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[PubMed: 17096318]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.31370]
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Ribeiro, L. A., Murray, J. C., Richieri-Costa, A.
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<strong>PTCH mutations in four Brazilian patients with holoprosencephaly and in one with holoprosencephaly-like features and normal MRI.</strong>
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Am. J. Med. Genet. 140A: 2584-2586, 2006.
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[PubMed: 17001668]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.31369]
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Nara Sobreira - updated : 9/9/2009<br>Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 8/31/2009
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