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- #608149 - KAGAMI-OGATA SYNDROME
- OMIM
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<span class="h4">#608149</span>
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<a href="#geneMap"><strong>Gene-Phenotype Relationships</strong></a>
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<a href="/clinicalSynopsis/608149"><strong>Clinical Synopsis</strong></a>
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<a href="#clinicalFeatures">Clinical Features</a>
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<a href="#nomenclature">Nomenclature</a>
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<a href="#animalModel">Animal Model</a>
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<a href="#references"><strong>References</strong></a>
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<a href="#contributors"><strong>Contributors</strong></a>
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<a href="#creationDate"><strong>Creation Date</strong></a>
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<div><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=KAGAMI-OGATA SYNDROME" class="mim-tip-hint" title="A registry of federally and privately supported clinical trials conducted in the United States and around the world." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Clinical Trials', 'domain': 'clinicaltrials.gov'})">Clinical Trials</a></div>
<div><a href="#mimEuroGentestFold" id="mimEuroGentestToggle" data-toggle="collapse" class="mim-tip-hint mimTriangleToggle" title="A list of European laboratories that offer genetic testing."><span id="mimEuroGentestToggleTriangle" class="small" style="margin-left: -0.8em;">&#9658;</span>EuroGentest</div>
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<div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/ClinicalLabs_Search_Simple.php?lng=EN&LnkId=19757&Typ=Pat" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'EuroGentest', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">Kagami-Ogata syndrome&nbsp;</a></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/ClinicalLabs_Search_Simple.php?lng=EN&LnkId=19759&Typ=Pat" title="Kagami-Ogata syndrome due to maternal 14q32.2 microdeletion" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'EuroGentest', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">Kagami-Ogata syndrome due …&nbsp;</a></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/ClinicalLabs_Search_Simple.php?lng=EN&LnkId=19761&Typ=Pat" title="Kagami-Ogata syndrome due to maternal 14q32.2 hypermethylation" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'EuroGentest', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">Kagami-Ogata syndrome due …&nbsp;</a></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/ClinicalLabs_Search_Simple.php?lng=EN&LnkId=12843&Typ=Pat" title="Kagami-Ogata syndrome due to paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'EuroGentest', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">Kagami-Ogata syndrome due …&nbsp;</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK608430/" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Expert-authored, peer-reviewed descriptions of inherited disorders including the uses of genetic testing in diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Gene Reviews', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">Gene Reviews</a></div>
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<div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=254519" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'OrphaNet', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">Kagami-Ogata syndrome</a></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=254528" title="Kagami-Ogata syndrome due to maternal 14q32.2 microdeletion" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'OrphaNet', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">Kagami-Ogata syndrome due …</a></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=254534" title="Kagami-Ogata syndrome due to maternal 14q32.2 hypermethylation" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'OrphaNet', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">Kagami-Ogata syndrome due …</a></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=96334" title="Kagami-Ogata syndrome due to paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'OrphaNet', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">Kagami-Ogata syndrome due …</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.possumcore.com/nuxeo/nxdoc/default/9935d3c9-fb74-4528-b27a-ab4da5e54be8/view_documents?source=omim" class="mim-tip-hint" title="A dysmorphology database of multiple malformations; metabolic, teratogenic, chromosomal, and skeletal syndromes; and their images." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'POSSUM', 'domain': 'possum.net.au'})">POSSUM</a></div>
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<a href="#" class="mim-tip-icd" qtip_title="<strong>ICD+</strong>" qtip_text="
<strong>SNOMEDCT:</strong> 1003872003, 770907002<br />
<strong>ORPHA:</strong> 254519, 254528, 254534, 96334<br />
<strong>DO:</strong> 0111712<br />
">ICD+</a>
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<span class="h3">
<span class="mim-font mim-tip-hint" title="Phenotype description, molecular basis known">
<span class="text-danger"><strong>#</strong></span>
608149
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<a id="preferredTitle" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<h3>
<span class="mim-font">
KAGAMI-OGATA SYNDROME
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<em>Alternative titles; symbols</em>
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<h4>
<span class="mim-font">
UNIPARENTAL DISOMY, PATERNAL, CHROMOSOME 14
</span>
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<br />
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<div>
<a id="cytogeneticLocation" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<p>
<span class="mim-text-font">
<strong>
<em>
Cytogenetic location: <a href="/geneMap/14/447?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=447">14q32</a>
&nbsp;
Genomic coordinates <span class="small">(GRCh38)</span> : <a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&position=chr14:89300001-107043718&dgv=pack&knownGene=pack&omimGene=pack" class="mim-tip-hint" title="UCSC Genome Browser; reference sequences and working draft assemblies for a large collection of genomes." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'UCSC Genome Browser', 'domain': 'genome.ucsc.edu'})">14:89,300,001-107,043,718</a> </span>
</em>
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<strong>Gene-Phenotype Relationships</strong>
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<table class="table table-bordered table-condensed table-hover small mim-table-padding">
<thead>
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<th>
Location
</th>
<th>
Phenotype
</th>
<th>
Phenotype <br /> MIM number
</th>
<th>
Inheritance
</th>
<th>
Phenotype <br /> mapping key
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1">
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/geneMap/14/447?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=447">
14q32
</a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
Kagami-Ogata syndrome
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<a href="/entry/608149"> 608149 </a>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="mim-font">
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="4 - A contiguous gene duplication or deletion syndrome in which multiple genes are involved">4</abbr>
</span>
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<a href="/clinicalSynopsis/608149" class="btn btn-warning" role="button"> Clinical Synopsis </a>
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PheneGene Graphics <span class="caret"></span>
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<ul class="dropdown-menu" style="width: 17em;">
<li><a href="/graph/linear/608149" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_graph', {'destination': 'Linear'})"> Linear </a></li>
<li><a href="/graph/radial/608149" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_graph', {'destination': 'Radial'})"> Radial </a></li>
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<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign mim-tip-hint" title="OMIM PheneGene graphics depict relationships between phenotypes, groups of related phenotypes (Phenotypic Series), and genes.<br /><a href='/static/omim/pdf/OMIM_Graphics.pdf' target='_blank'>A quick reference overview and guide (PDF)</a>"></span>
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<div class="small" style="margin: 5px">
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> INHERITANCE </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<span class="mim-font">
- Autosomal dominant (loss of maternal allele) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C5194000&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C5194000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/263681008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">263681008</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/771269000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">771269000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000006</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> HEAD & NECK </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Head </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Frontal bossing (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/90145001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">90145001</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0221354&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0221354</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002007</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=3ab8802347404fb5ebf087fa6440bb25" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="&lt;img src=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Frontal_Bossing-small.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Further Information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=3ab8802347404fb5ebf087fa6440bb25&quot target=&quot;_blank&quot onclick=&quot;gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})&quot;&gt;Elements of Morphology&lt;/a&gt;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Face </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Hairy forehead <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1839830&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1839830</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0011335" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0011335</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0011335" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0011335</a>]</span><br /> -
Prominent or protruding philtrum <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4013121&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4013121</a>]</span><br /> -
Elongated philtrum <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1865014&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1865014</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000343" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000343</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000343" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000343</a>]</span><br /> -
Micrognathia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/32958008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">32958008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/M26.04" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">M26.04</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/524.04" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">524.04</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0025990&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0025990</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000347" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000347</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000347" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000347</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=9149eccae19753e96defbd69602ab882" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="&lt;img src=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Micrognathia-small.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Further Information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=9149eccae19753e96defbd69602ab882&quot target=&quot;_blank&quot onclick=&quot;gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})&quot;&gt;Elements of Morphology&lt;/a&gt;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
Retrognathia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/109515000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">109515000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0035353&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0035353</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3494422&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3494422</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000278" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000278</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000278" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000278</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=ede3aa3495baae8accf26d8f779302ba" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="&lt;img src=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Retrognathia-small.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Further Information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=ede3aa3495baae8accf26d8f779302ba&quot target=&quot;_blank&quot onclick=&quot;gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})&quot;&gt;Elements of Morphology&lt;/a&gt;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
H-shaped chin creases (rare) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1860309&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1860309</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0011824" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0011824</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Ears </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Small ears <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/35045004" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">35045004</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q17.2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q17.2</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/744.23" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">744.23</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0152423&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0152423</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0008551" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0008551</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0008551" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0008551</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Eyes </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Blepharophimosis <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H02.52" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H02.52</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/374.46" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">374.46</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0005744&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0005744</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000581" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000581</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000581" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000581</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=0f0375071b81e81be36302aa011b44dc" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="&lt;img src=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Blepharophimosis-small.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Further Information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=0f0375071b81e81be36302aa011b44dc&quot target=&quot;_blank&quot onclick=&quot;gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})&quot;&gt;Elements of Morphology&lt;/a&gt;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
Short palpebral fissures (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/246802000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">246802000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0423112&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0423112</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0012745" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0012745</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0012745" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0012745</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Nose </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Depressed nasal bridge <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1836542&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1836542</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0005280" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0005280</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0005280" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0005280</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=7043769fd21a78a413fd758918cdda17" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="&lt;img src=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Nasal_Bridge,Depressed-small.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Further Information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=7043769fd21a78a413fd758918cdda17&quot target=&quot;_blank&quot onclick=&quot;gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})&quot;&gt;Elements of Morphology&lt;/a&gt;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
Anteverted nares (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/708670007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">708670007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1840077&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1840077</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000463" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000463</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000463" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000463</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=656ef0aca7742d97c5769f51f0dd56de" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="&lt;img src=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Nares,Anteverted-small.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Further Information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=656ef0aca7742d97c5769f51f0dd56de&quot target=&quot;_blank&quot onclick=&quot;gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})&quot;&gt;Elements of Morphology&lt;/a&gt;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Mouth </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Puckered lips (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4013124&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4013124</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Neck </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Short neck or webbed neck <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4013125&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4013125</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> CARDIOVASCULAR </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Heart </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Atrial septal defect (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/253366007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">253366007</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/405752007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">405752007</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/70142008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">70142008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q21.1" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q21.1</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q21.10" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q21.10</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0018817&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0018817</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001631" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001631</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001631" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001631</a>]</span><br /> -
Ventricular septal defect (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/30288003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">30288003</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/253549006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">253549006</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/768552007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">768552007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q21.0" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q21.0</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/745.4" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">745.4</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0018818&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0018818</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001629" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001629</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001629" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001629</a>]</span><br /> -
Aortic valve anomaly (rare) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/13689005" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">13689005</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0265841&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0265841</a>]</span><br /> -
Pulmonary stenosis (rare) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/56786000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">56786000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1956257&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1956257</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0034089&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0034089</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001642" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001642</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001642" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001642</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Vascular </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Patent ductus arteriosus (rare) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/83330001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">83330001</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q25.0" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q25.0</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/747.0" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">747.0</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0013274&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0013274</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001643" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001643</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001643" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001643</a>]</span><br /> -
Pulmonary hypertension (rare) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/70995007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">70995007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/I27.20" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">I27.20</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0020542&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0020542</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002092" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002092</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> RESPIRATORY </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<span class="mim-font">
- Lethal respiratory failure (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4013132&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4013132</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Larynx </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Laryngomalacia (rare) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/38086007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">38086007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0264303&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0264303</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001601" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001601</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001601" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001601</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Lung </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Lung hypoplasia (rare) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/80825009" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">80825009</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0265783&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0265783</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002089" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002089</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002089" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002089</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> CHEST </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> External Features </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Small bell-shaped thorax <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4539133&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4539133</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Ribs Sternum Clavicles & Scapulae </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Thin ribs (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/249697003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">249697003</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0426818&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0426818</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000883" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000883</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000883" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000883</a>]</span><br /> -
Wavy or 'coat-hanger shaped' ribs (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4013117&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4013117</a>]</span><br /> -
Elongated clavicles (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/249687007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">249687007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0426808&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0426808</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000890" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000890</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000890" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000890</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> ABDOMEN </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> External Features </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Diastasis recti <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/62629000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">62629000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0221766&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0221766</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001540" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001540</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001540" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001540</a>]</span><br /> -
Omphalocele (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/18735004" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">18735004</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q79.2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q79.2</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/756.72" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">756.72</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0795690&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0795690</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001539" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001539</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001539" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001539</a>]</span><br /> -
Inguinal hernia (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/396232000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">396232000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/K40" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">K40</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/K40.90" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">K40.90</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/550" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">550</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0019294&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0019294</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000023" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000023</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000023" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000023</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Liver </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Hepatomegaly (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/80515008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">80515008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/R16.0" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">R16.0</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/789.1" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">789.1</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0019209&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0019209</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002240" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002240</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002240" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002240</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Spleen </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Splenomegaly (rare) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/16294009" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">16294009</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/R16.1" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">R16.1</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/789.2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">789.2</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0038002&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0038002</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001744" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001744</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001744" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001744</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Gastrointestinal </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Feeding difficulty <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/78164000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">78164000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/R63.3" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">R63.3</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0232466&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0232466</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0011968" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0011968</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> SKELETAL </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<span class="mim-font">
- Joint contractures <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/7890003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">7890003</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/M24.5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">M24.5</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/718.4" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">718.4</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/718.40" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">718.40</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0009918&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0009918</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0034392" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0034392</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Skull </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Hypoplastic maxilla (rare) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/M26.02" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">M26.02</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/524.03" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">524.03</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0240310&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0240310</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000327" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000327</a>]</span><br /> -
Hypoplastic mandible (rare) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/32958008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">32958008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/M26.04" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">M26.04</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/524.04" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">524.04</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0025990&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0025990</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000347" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000347</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000347" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000347</a>]</span><br /> -
Small anterior fossa (rare) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4013128&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4013128</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Spine </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Kyphoscoliosis (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/405771009" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">405771009</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/405772002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">405772002</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/405773007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">405773007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/M41" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">M41</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0600033&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0600033</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0575158&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0575158</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0345392&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0345392</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002751" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002751</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0008453" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0008453</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002751" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002751</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Pelvis </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Hypoplasia of the ilia (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4013129&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4013129</a>]</span><br /> -
Coxa valga (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/33754009" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">33754009</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/16979000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">16979000</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/299236004" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">299236004</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q65.81" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q65.81</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/755.61" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">755.61</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/736.31" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">736.31</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0158480&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0158480</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0152430&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0152430</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0239137&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0239137</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002673" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002673</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002673" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002673</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Limbs </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Short limbs <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0239399&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0239399</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0009826" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0009826</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0009826" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0009826</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Hands </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Long fingers (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1858091&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1858091</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0100807" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0100807</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0100807" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0100807</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=f65c95ca0fea3f33b04946944a50e3ae" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="&lt;img src=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Fingers,Long-small.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Further Information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=f65c95ca0fea3f33b04946944a50e3ae&quot target=&quot;_blank&quot onclick=&quot;gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})&quot;&gt;Elements of Morphology&lt;/a&gt;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> SKIN, NAILS, & HAIR </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Hair </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Hairy forehead <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1839830&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1839830</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0011335" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0011335</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0011335" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0011335</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> NEUROLOGIC </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Central Nervous System </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Hypotonia (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/398151007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">398151007</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/398152000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">398152000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0026827&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0026827</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1858120&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1858120</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001290" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001290</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001252</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001252</a>]</span><br /> -
Developmental retardation (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/248290002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">248290002</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/224958001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">224958001</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/F88" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">F88</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/315.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">315.9</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0557874&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0557874</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0424605&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0424605</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001263" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001263</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001263" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001263</a>]</span><br /> -
Seizures (rare) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/91175000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">91175000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0036572&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0036572</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001250" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001250</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001250" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001250</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> PRENATAL MANIFESTATIONS </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Amniotic Fluid </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Polyhydramnios <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/86203003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">86203003</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/O40" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">O40</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/657.0" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">657.0</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/657" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">657</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0020224&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0020224</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001561" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001561</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001561" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001561</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Placenta & Umbilical Cord </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Placental abnormality (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/33552005" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">33552005</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/O43.10" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">O43.10</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1306893&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1306893</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0100767" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0100767</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<em> Delivery </em>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<span class="mim-font">
- Premature delivery <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/282020008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">282020008</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/161765003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">161765003</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/644.2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">644.2</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0151526&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0151526</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0438076&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0438076</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001622" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001622</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001622" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001622</a>]</span><br /> -
Low Apgar scores <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0549400&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0549400</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0030917" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0030917</a>]</span><br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> MISCELLANEOUS </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<span class="mim-font">
- Imprinted disorder<br /> -
Mechanical ventilation may be required<br /> -
Thorax anomaly ameliorates with age (in some patients)<br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="h5 mim-font">
<strong> MOLECULAR BASIS </strong>
</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
<div>
<span class="mim-font">
- Caused by chromosome 14 paternal uniparental disomy<br />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<a href="#mimClinicalSynopsisFold" data-toggle="collapse">&#9650;&nbsp;Close</a>
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<p>A number sign (#) is used with this entry because Kagami-Ogata syndrome (KOS) is an imprinting disorder involving genes within the imprinted region of chromosome 14q32.</p>
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<p>Kagami-Ogata syndrome (KOS) is a rare imprinting disorder characterized prenatally by polyhydramnios, macrosomia, and placentomegaly. After birth, infants often have respiratory distress, feeding difficulties, and postnatal growth retardation. Thoracic abnormalities include small bell-shaped thorax, 'coat-hanger' ribs, narrow chest wall, and cardiac anomalies. Abdominal wall defects include omphalocele, diastasis recti, and inguinal hernias. Hepatoblastoma is present in some patients. Dysmorphic facial features include frontal bossing, depressed nasal bridge, hairy forehead, anteverted nares, micrognathia, and a short neck. Developmental findings include hypotonia, speech and/or motor delays, and normal to mildly impaired intellectual development (summary by <a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Prasasya, R., Grotheer, K. V., Siracusa, L. D., Bartolomei, M. S. &lt;strong&gt;Temple syndrome and Kagami-Ogata syndrome: clinical presentations, genotypes, models and mechanisms.&lt;/strong&gt; Hum. Molec. Genet. 29: R107-R117, 2020.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32592473/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;32592473&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=32592473[PMID]&amp;report=imagesdocsum&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed Image&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddaa133&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="32592473">Prasasya et al., 2020</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=32592473" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p>Epigenetic germline modification, or imprinting, leads to functional differences in gene expression throughout development, depending on parental origin. Genomic imprinting is typically revealed when both homologs of a chromosome pair are inherited exclusively from 1 parent. This condition is called uniparental disomy (UPD) and results in either overexpression or absence of a parent-specific transcript. For most chromosomes, no obvious phenotypic effect from UPD has been observed. However, UPD of certain chromosomes leads to clinically recognizable syndromes, and paternal UPD for chromosome 14 is one that causes a distinct disorder (<a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Cotter, P. D., Kaffe, S., McCurdy, L. D., Jhaveri, M., Willner, J. P., Hirschhorn, K. &lt;strong&gt;Paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 14: a case report and review.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Med. Genet. 70: 74-79, 1997.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9129745/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;9129745&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19970502)70:1&lt;74::aid-ajmg14&gt;3.0.co;2-u&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="9129745">Cotter et al., 1997</a>; <a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Kurosawa, K., Sasaki, H., Sato, Y., Yamanaka, M., Shimizu, M., Ito, Y., Okuyama, T., Matsuo, M., Imaizumi, K., Kuroki, Y., Nishimura, G. &lt;strong&gt;Paternal UPD14 is responsible for a distinctive malformation complex.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Med. Genet. 110: 268-272, 2002.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12116236/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;12116236&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.10404&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="12116236">Kurosawa et al., 2002</a>; <a href="#8" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Takada, S., Tevendale, M., Baker, J., Georgiades, P., Campbell, E., Freeman, T., Johnson, M. H., Paulsen, M., Ferguson-Smith, A. C. &lt;strong&gt;Delta-like and Gtl2 are reciprocally expressed, differentially methylated linked imprinted genes on mouse chromosome 12.&lt;/strong&gt; Curr. Biol. 10: 1135-1138, 2000.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10996796/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;10996796&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00704-1&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="10996796">Takada et al., 2000</a>). Human paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 14, UPD14(pat), presents with skeletal abnormalities, joint contractures, dysmorphic facial features, and developmental delay/mental retardation (<a href="#6" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Sutton, V. R., McAlister, W. H., Bertin, T. K., Kaffe, S., Wang, J.-C. C., Yano, S., Shaffer, L. G., Lee, B., Epstein, C. J., Villar, A. J. &lt;strong&gt;Skeletal defects in paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 14 are re-capitulated in the mouse model (paternal uniparental disomy 12).&lt;/strong&gt; Hum. Genet. 113: 447-451, 2003.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12938037/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;12938037&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-003-0981-x&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="12938037">Sutton et al., 2003</a>). In humans, consistent radiographic findings include a narrow, bell-shaped thorax with caudal bowing of the anterior ribs, cranial bowing of the posterior ribs, and flaring of the iliac wings without shortening or dysplasia of the long bones. The axial skeleton is predominantly affected. Most reported cases of human parental UPD14 are characterized by inheritance of a Robertsonian translocation from the father, or have a de novo paternal isochromosome, as reviewed by <a href="#7" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Sutton, V. R., Shaffer, L. G. &lt;strong&gt;Search for imprinted regions on chromosome 14: comparison of maternal and paternal UPD cases with cases of chromosome 14 deletion.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Med. Genet. 93: 381-387, 2000.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10951461/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;10951461&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1002/1096-8628(20000828)93:5&lt;381::aid-ajmg7&gt;3.0.co;2-9&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="10951461">Sutton and Shaffer (2000)</a>. Presumably, some of these individuals were trisomic for chromosome 14 at conception. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=12116236+9129745+12938037+10951461+10996796" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>Uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 14 results in such a severe phenotype that it is often associated with spontaneous miscarriage. The abnormality has been detected in 1 of 81 miscarriages with a normal karyotype (<a href="#9" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Tsukishiro, S., Li, Q. Y., Tanemura, M., Sugiura-Ogasawara, M., Suzumori, K., Sonta, S. &lt;strong&gt;Paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 and unique exchange of chromosome 7 in cases of spontaneous abortion.&lt;/strong&gt; J. Hum. Genet. 50: 112-117, 2005.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15747166/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;15747166&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1007/s10038-005-0229-9&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="15747166">Tsukishiro et al., 2005</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=15747166" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Kagami, M., Nishimura, G., Okuyama, T., Hayashidani, M., Takeuchi, T., Tanaka, S., Ishino, F., Kurosawa, K., Ogata, T. &lt;strong&gt;Segmental and full paternal isodisomy for chromosome 14 in three patients: Narrowing the critical region and implication for the clinical features.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Med. Genet. 138A: 127-132, 2005.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16152632/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;16152632&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.30941&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="16152632">Kagami et al. (2005)</a> reported 3 Japanese patients with paternal isodisomy for chromosome 14, including a 5.5-year-old girl, a male neonate, and a 6.5-year-old girl. Physical features at birth included a hairy forehead, protruding philtrum, micrognathia, small thorax, and abdominal wall defects. Radiographic studies showed a bell-shaped thorax with coat-hanger appearance of the ribs, but the thoracic deformity tended to ameliorate in the older children. Microsatellite analysis indicated full paternal isodisomy for chromosome 14 in younger girl and boy, and segmental paternal isodisomy for chromosome 14 distal to D14S981 at chromosome 14q23.3 in older girl. Methylation specific PCR assay for the differentially methylated region (DMR) of GTL2 (<a href="/entry/605636">605636</a>) at chromosome 14q32 yielded positive products with methylated primers in all 3 patients. The findings were consistent with the involvement of imprinted genes on chromosome 14q32 as critical components of the phenotype. <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Kagami, M., Nishimura, G., Okuyama, T., Hayashidani, M., Takeuchi, T., Tanaka, S., Ishino, F., Kurosawa, K., Ogata, T. &lt;strong&gt;Segmental and full paternal isodisomy for chromosome 14 in three patients: Narrowing the critical region and implication for the clinical features.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Med. Genet. 138A: 127-132, 2005.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16152632/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;16152632&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.30941&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="16152632">Kagami et al. (2005)</a> suggested that, if infants with this disorder survive respiratory insufficiency in infancy, they may improve with age. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=16152632" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Mattes, J., Whitehead, B., Liehr, T., Wilkinson, I., Bear, J., Fagan, K., Craven, P., Bennetts, B., Edwards, M. &lt;strong&gt;Paternal uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 14 with mosaicism for a supernumerary marker chromosome 14.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Med. Genet. 143A: 2165-2171, 2007.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17702046/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;17702046&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.31896&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="17702046">Mattes et al. (2007)</a> reported a female infant with paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 14 with mosaicism for a supernumerary marker chromosome 14. She had a small thorax with coat-hanger-shaped ribs, kyphoscoliosis, hypoplasia of the maxilla and mandible, a broad nasal bridge with anteverted nares, contractures of the wrists with ulnar deviation bilaterally, diastasis recti, and marked muscle hypotonia. Other unusual features included vertical skin creases under the chin and stippled epiphyses of the humeri. She died at age 5 months due to respiratory infection. Cytogenetic studies showed a mosaic karyotype with 88% of cells showing the bisatellited markers and 12% showing no cytogenetic abnormality. <a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Mattes, J., Whitehead, B., Liehr, T., Wilkinson, I., Bear, J., Fagan, K., Craven, P., Bennetts, B., Edwards, M. &lt;strong&gt;Paternal uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 14 with mosaicism for a supernumerary marker chromosome 14.&lt;/strong&gt; Am. J. Med. Genet. 143A: 2165-2171, 2007.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17702046/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;17702046&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.31896&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="17702046">Mattes et al. (2007)</a> suggested that the presence of a supernumerary marker could be an important clue to the presence of UPD. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=17702046" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p>The European Network of Imprinting Disorders designated the paternal imprinting disorder on chromosome 14 'Kagami-Ogata syndrome.'</p>
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<p>Distal human chromosome 14 is homologous to distal mouse chromosome 12, and both regions contain imprinted genes. <a href="#6" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Sutton, V. R., McAlister, W. H., Bertin, T. K., Kaffe, S., Wang, J.-C. C., Yano, S., Shaffer, L. G., Lee, B., Epstein, C. J., Villar, A. J. &lt;strong&gt;Skeletal defects in paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 14 are re-capitulated in the mouse model (paternal uniparental disomy 12).&lt;/strong&gt; Hum. Genet. 113: 447-451, 2003.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12938037/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;12938037&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-003-0981-x&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="12938037">Sutton et al. (2003)</a> showed that skeletal defects in UPD14(pat) in the human are recapitulated in the mouse model. Mice with UPD12(pat) have thin ribs with delayed ossification of the sternum, skull, and feet. In both mice and humans, the axial skeleton is predominantly affected. <a href="#6" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Sutton, V. R., McAlister, W. H., Bertin, T. K., Kaffe, S., Wang, J.-C. C., Yano, S., Shaffer, L. G., Lee, B., Epstein, C. J., Villar, A. J. &lt;strong&gt;Skeletal defects in paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 14 are re-capitulated in the mouse model (paternal uniparental disomy 12).&lt;/strong&gt; Hum. Genet. 113: 447-451, 2003.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12938037/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;12938037&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-003-0981-x&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="12938037">Sutton et al. (2003)</a> hypothesized that there is an imprinted gene (or genes) on human chromosome 14 and mouse chromosome 12 that specifically affects rib/thoracic development and the maturation of ossification centers in the sternum, feet, and skull with little effect on long bone development. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=12938037" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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Cotter, P. D., Kaffe, S., McCurdy, L. D., Jhaveri, M., Willner, J. P., Hirschhorn, K.
<strong>Paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 14: a case report and review.</strong>
Am. J. Med. Genet. 70: 74-79, 1997.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9129745/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">9129745</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=9129745" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19970502)70:1&lt;74::aid-ajmg14&gt;3.0.co;2-u" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<a id="2" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Kagami2005" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Kagami, M., Nishimura, G., Okuyama, T., Hayashidani, M., Takeuchi, T., Tanaka, S., Ishino, F., Kurosawa, K., Ogata, T.
<strong>Segmental and full paternal isodisomy for chromosome 14 in three patients: Narrowing the critical region and implication for the clinical features.</strong>
Am. J. Med. Genet. 138A: 127-132, 2005.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16152632/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">16152632</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=16152632" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.30941" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<a id="3" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Kurosawa2002" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Kurosawa, K., Sasaki, H., Sato, Y., Yamanaka, M., Shimizu, M., Ito, Y., Okuyama, T., Matsuo, M., Imaizumi, K., Kuroki, Y., Nishimura, G.
<strong>Paternal UPD14 is responsible for a distinctive malformation complex.</strong>
Am. J. Med. Genet. 110: 268-272, 2002.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12116236/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">12116236</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=12116236" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.10404" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<a id="4" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Mattes2007" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Mattes, J., Whitehead, B., Liehr, T., Wilkinson, I., Bear, J., Fagan, K., Craven, P., Bennetts, B., Edwards, M.
<strong>Paternal uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 14 with mosaicism for a supernumerary marker chromosome 14.</strong>
Am. J. Med. Genet. 143A: 2165-2171, 2007.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17702046/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">17702046</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=17702046" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.31896" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
</div>
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<a id="5" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Prasasya2020" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Prasasya, R., Grotheer, K. V., Siracusa, L. D., Bartolomei, M. S.
<strong>Temple syndrome and Kagami-Ogata syndrome: clinical presentations, genotypes, models and mechanisms.</strong>
Hum. Molec. Genet. 29: R107-R117, 2020.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32592473/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">32592473</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=32592473[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=32592473" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddaa133" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<a id="6" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Sutton2003" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Sutton, V. R., McAlister, W. H., Bertin, T. K., Kaffe, S., Wang, J.-C. C., Yano, S., Shaffer, L. G., Lee, B., Epstein, C. J., Villar, A. J.
<strong>Skeletal defects in paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 14 are re-capitulated in the mouse model (paternal uniparental disomy 12).</strong>
Hum. Genet. 113: 447-451, 2003.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12938037/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">12938037</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=12938037" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-003-0981-x" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<a id="7" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Sutton2000" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Sutton, V. R., Shaffer, L. G.
<strong>Search for imprinted regions on chromosome 14: comparison of maternal and paternal UPD cases with cases of chromosome 14 deletion.</strong>
Am. J. Med. Genet. 93: 381-387, 2000.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10951461/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">10951461</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=10951461" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1096-8628(20000828)93:5&lt;381::aid-ajmg7&gt;3.0.co;2-9" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
</div>
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<a id="8" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Takada2000" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Takada, S., Tevendale, M., Baker, J., Georgiades, P., Campbell, E., Freeman, T., Johnson, M. H., Paulsen, M., Ferguson-Smith, A. C.
<strong>Delta-like and Gtl2 are reciprocally expressed, differentially methylated linked imprinted genes on mouse chromosome 12.</strong>
Curr. Biol. 10: 1135-1138, 2000.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10996796/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">10996796</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=10996796" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00704-1" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<a id="9" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Tsukishiro2005" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Tsukishiro, S., Li, Q. Y., Tanemura, M., Sugiura-Ogasawara, M., Suzumori, K., Sonta, S.
<strong>Paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 and unique exchange of chromosome 7 in cases of spontaneous abortion.</strong>
J. Hum. Genet. 50: 112-117, 2005.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15747166/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">15747166</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=15747166" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10038-005-0229-9" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
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<a id="contributors" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-6">
<span class="mim-text-font">
Hilary J. Vernon - updated : 02/11/2021
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Cassandra L. Kniffin - updated : 2/24/2009
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Victor A. McKusick : 10/6/2003
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carol : 08/01/2023
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carol : 02/15/2021<br>carol : 02/12/2021<br>carol : 02/11/2021<br>carol : 02/11/2015<br>carol : 2/11/2015<br>mcolton : 2/10/2015<br>terry : 7/1/2010<br>wwang : 3/3/2009<br>ckniffin : 2/24/2009<br>alopez : 10/6/2003
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<h3>
<span class="mim-font">
<strong>#</strong> 608149
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<span class="mim-font">
KAGAMI-OGATA SYNDROME
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<em>Alternative titles; symbols</em>
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UNIPARENTAL DISOMY, PATERNAL, CHROMOSOME 14
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<strong>SNOMEDCT:</strong> 1003872003, 770907002; &nbsp;
<strong>ORPHA:</strong> 254519, 254528, 254534, 96334; &nbsp;
<strong>DO:</strong> 0111712; &nbsp;
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<strong>
<em>
Cytogenetic location: 14q32
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Genomic coordinates <span class="small">(GRCh38)</span> : 14:89,300,001-107,043,718 </span>
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<strong>Gene-Phenotype Relationships</strong>
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<table class="table table-bordered table-condensed small mim-table-padding">
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Location
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Phenotype
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Phenotype <br /> MIM number
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Inheritance
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Phenotype <br /> mapping key
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<td rowspan="1">
<span class="mim-font">
14q32
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Kagami-Ogata syndrome
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<span class="mim-font">
608149
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<span class="mim-font">
Autosomal dominant
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<span class="mim-font">
4
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<span class="mim-font">
<strong>TEXT</strong>
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<span class="mim-text-font">
<p>A number sign (#) is used with this entry because Kagami-Ogata syndrome (KOS) is an imprinting disorder involving genes within the imprinted region of chromosome 14q32.</p>
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<strong>Description</strong>
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<p>Kagami-Ogata syndrome (KOS) is a rare imprinting disorder characterized prenatally by polyhydramnios, macrosomia, and placentomegaly. After birth, infants often have respiratory distress, feeding difficulties, and postnatal growth retardation. Thoracic abnormalities include small bell-shaped thorax, 'coat-hanger' ribs, narrow chest wall, and cardiac anomalies. Abdominal wall defects include omphalocele, diastasis recti, and inguinal hernias. Hepatoblastoma is present in some patients. Dysmorphic facial features include frontal bossing, depressed nasal bridge, hairy forehead, anteverted nares, micrognathia, and a short neck. Developmental findings include hypotonia, speech and/or motor delays, and normal to mildly impaired intellectual development (summary by Prasasya et al., 2020). </p>
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<h4>
<span class="mim-font">
<strong>Clinical Features</strong>
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<p>Epigenetic germline modification, or imprinting, leads to functional differences in gene expression throughout development, depending on parental origin. Genomic imprinting is typically revealed when both homologs of a chromosome pair are inherited exclusively from 1 parent. This condition is called uniparental disomy (UPD) and results in either overexpression or absence of a parent-specific transcript. For most chromosomes, no obvious phenotypic effect from UPD has been observed. However, UPD of certain chromosomes leads to clinically recognizable syndromes, and paternal UPD for chromosome 14 is one that causes a distinct disorder (Cotter et al., 1997; Kurosawa et al., 2002; Takada et al., 2000). Human paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 14, UPD14(pat), presents with skeletal abnormalities, joint contractures, dysmorphic facial features, and developmental delay/mental retardation (Sutton et al., 2003). In humans, consistent radiographic findings include a narrow, bell-shaped thorax with caudal bowing of the anterior ribs, cranial bowing of the posterior ribs, and flaring of the iliac wings without shortening or dysplasia of the long bones. The axial skeleton is predominantly affected. Most reported cases of human parental UPD14 are characterized by inheritance of a Robertsonian translocation from the father, or have a de novo paternal isochromosome, as reviewed by Sutton and Shaffer (2000). Presumably, some of these individuals were trisomic for chromosome 14 at conception. </p><p>Uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 14 results in such a severe phenotype that it is often associated with spontaneous miscarriage. The abnormality has been detected in 1 of 81 miscarriages with a normal karyotype (Tsukishiro et al., 2005). </p><p>Kagami et al. (2005) reported 3 Japanese patients with paternal isodisomy for chromosome 14, including a 5.5-year-old girl, a male neonate, and a 6.5-year-old girl. Physical features at birth included a hairy forehead, protruding philtrum, micrognathia, small thorax, and abdominal wall defects. Radiographic studies showed a bell-shaped thorax with coat-hanger appearance of the ribs, but the thoracic deformity tended to ameliorate in the older children. Microsatellite analysis indicated full paternal isodisomy for chromosome 14 in younger girl and boy, and segmental paternal isodisomy for chromosome 14 distal to D14S981 at chromosome 14q23.3 in older girl. Methylation specific PCR assay for the differentially methylated region (DMR) of GTL2 (605636) at chromosome 14q32 yielded positive products with methylated primers in all 3 patients. The findings were consistent with the involvement of imprinted genes on chromosome 14q32 as critical components of the phenotype. Kagami et al. (2005) suggested that, if infants with this disorder survive respiratory insufficiency in infancy, they may improve with age. </p><p>Mattes et al. (2007) reported a female infant with paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 14 with mosaicism for a supernumerary marker chromosome 14. She had a small thorax with coat-hanger-shaped ribs, kyphoscoliosis, hypoplasia of the maxilla and mandible, a broad nasal bridge with anteverted nares, contractures of the wrists with ulnar deviation bilaterally, diastasis recti, and marked muscle hypotonia. Other unusual features included vertical skin creases under the chin and stippled epiphyses of the humeri. She died at age 5 months due to respiratory infection. Cytogenetic studies showed a mosaic karyotype with 88% of cells showing the bisatellited markers and 12% showing no cytogenetic abnormality. Mattes et al. (2007) suggested that the presence of a supernumerary marker could be an important clue to the presence of UPD. </p>
</span>
<div>
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<h4>
<span class="mim-font">
<strong>Nomenclature</strong>
</span>
</h4>
</div>
<span class="mim-text-font">
<p>The European Network of Imprinting Disorders designated the paternal imprinting disorder on chromosome 14 'Kagami-Ogata syndrome.'</p>
</span>
<div>
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</div>
<div>
<h4>
<span class="mim-font">
<strong>Animal Model</strong>
</span>
</h4>
</div>
<span class="mim-text-font">
<p>Distal human chromosome 14 is homologous to distal mouse chromosome 12, and both regions contain imprinted genes. Sutton et al. (2003) showed that skeletal defects in UPD14(pat) in the human are recapitulated in the mouse model. Mice with UPD12(pat) have thin ribs with delayed ossification of the sternum, skull, and feet. In both mice and humans, the axial skeleton is predominantly affected. Sutton et al. (2003) hypothesized that there is an imprinted gene (or genes) on human chromosome 14 and mouse chromosome 12 that specifically affects rib/thoracic development and the maturation of ossification centers in the sternum, feet, and skull with little effect on long bone development. </p>
</span>
<div>
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<div>
<h4>
<span class="mim-font">
<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
</span>
</h4>
<div>
<p />
</div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<p class="mim-text-font">
Cotter, P. D., Kaffe, S., McCurdy, L. D., Jhaveri, M., Willner, J. P., Hirschhorn, K.
<strong>Paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 14: a case report and review.</strong>
Am. J. Med. Genet. 70: 74-79, 1997.
[PubMed: 9129745]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19970502)70:1&lt;74::aid-ajmg14&gt;3.0.co;2-u]
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="mim-text-font">
Kagami, M., Nishimura, G., Okuyama, T., Hayashidani, M., Takeuchi, T., Tanaka, S., Ishino, F., Kurosawa, K., Ogata, T.
<strong>Segmental and full paternal isodisomy for chromosome 14 in three patients: Narrowing the critical region and implication for the clinical features.</strong>
Am. J. Med. Genet. 138A: 127-132, 2005.
[PubMed: 16152632]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.30941]
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="mim-text-font">
Kurosawa, K., Sasaki, H., Sato, Y., Yamanaka, M., Shimizu, M., Ito, Y., Okuyama, T., Matsuo, M., Imaizumi, K., Kuroki, Y., Nishimura, G.
<strong>Paternal UPD14 is responsible for a distinctive malformation complex.</strong>
Am. J. Med. Genet. 110: 268-272, 2002.
[PubMed: 12116236]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.10404]
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="mim-text-font">
Mattes, J., Whitehead, B., Liehr, T., Wilkinson, I., Bear, J., Fagan, K., Craven, P., Bennetts, B., Edwards, M.
<strong>Paternal uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 14 with mosaicism for a supernumerary marker chromosome 14.</strong>
Am. J. Med. Genet. 143A: 2165-2171, 2007.
[PubMed: 17702046]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.31896]
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="mim-text-font">
Prasasya, R., Grotheer, K. V., Siracusa, L. D., Bartolomei, M. S.
<strong>Temple syndrome and Kagami-Ogata syndrome: clinical presentations, genotypes, models and mechanisms.</strong>
Hum. Molec. Genet. 29: R107-R117, 2020.
[PubMed: 32592473]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddaa133]
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="mim-text-font">
Sutton, V. R., McAlister, W. H., Bertin, T. K., Kaffe, S., Wang, J.-C. C., Yano, S., Shaffer, L. G., Lee, B., Epstein, C. J., Villar, A. J.
<strong>Skeletal defects in paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 14 are re-capitulated in the mouse model (paternal uniparental disomy 12).</strong>
Hum. Genet. 113: 447-451, 2003.
[PubMed: 12938037]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-003-0981-x]
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="mim-text-font">
Sutton, V. R., Shaffer, L. G.
<strong>Search for imprinted regions on chromosome 14: comparison of maternal and paternal UPD cases with cases of chromosome 14 deletion.</strong>
Am. J. Med. Genet. 93: 381-387, 2000.
[PubMed: 10951461]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1002/1096-8628(20000828)93:5&lt;381::aid-ajmg7&gt;3.0.co;2-9]
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="mim-text-font">
Takada, S., Tevendale, M., Baker, J., Georgiades, P., Campbell, E., Freeman, T., Johnson, M. H., Paulsen, M., Ferguson-Smith, A. C.
<strong>Delta-like and Gtl2 are reciprocally expressed, differentially methylated linked imprinted genes on mouse chromosome 12.</strong>
Curr. Biol. 10: 1135-1138, 2000.
[PubMed: 10996796]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00704-1]
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Tsukishiro, S., Li, Q. Y., Tanemura, M., Sugiura-Ogasawara, M., Suzumori, K., Sonta, S.
<strong>Paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 and unique exchange of chromosome 7 in cases of spontaneous abortion.</strong>
J. Hum. Genet. 50: 112-117, 2005.
[PubMed: 15747166]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10038-005-0229-9]
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