2361 lines
162 KiB
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2361 lines
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- *607129 - MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED MONOOXYGENASE, CALPONIN AND LIM DOMAINS-CONTAINING, 1; MICAL1
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- OMIM
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<p>
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<span class="h4">*607129</span>
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<br />
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<strong>Table of Contents</strong>
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<nav>
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<a href="#title"><strong>Title</strong></a>
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<a href="#text"><strong>Text</strong></a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
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<a href="#description">Description</a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
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<a href="#cloning">Cloning and Expression</a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
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<a href="#geneStructure">Gene Structure</a>
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<a href="#mapping">Mapping</a>
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<a href="#geneFunction">Gene Function</a>
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<a href="#animalModel">Animal Model</a>
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<li role="presentation">
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<a href="#references"><strong>References</strong></a>
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<li role="presentation">
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<a href="#contributors"><strong>Contributors</strong></a>
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<a href="#creationDate"><strong>Creation Date</strong></a>
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<li role="presentation">
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<a href="#editHistory"><strong>Edit History</strong></a>
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<div id="mimFloatingLinksMenu">
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimExternalLinks">
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<h4 class="panel-title">
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<a href="#mimExternalLinksFold" id="mimExternalLinksToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse">
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<div style="display: table-row">
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<div id="mimExternalLinksToggleTriangle" class="small" style="color: white; display: table-cell;">▼</div>
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<div style="display: table-cell;">External Links</div>
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</div>
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</a>
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</h4>
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimGenome">
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<span class="panel-title">
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<span class="small">
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<a href="#mimGenomeLinksFold" id="mimGenomeLinksToggle" class="collapsed mimSingletonTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#mimExternalLinksAccordion">
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<span id="mimGenomeLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5">►</span> Genome
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</a>
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</span>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div id="mimGenomeLinksFold" class="panel-collapse collapse mimLinksFold" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="genome">
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<div class="panel-body small mim-panel-body">
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<div><a href="https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Location/View?db=core;g=ENSG00000135596;t=ENST00000358807" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Genome databases for vertebrates and other eukaryotic species." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Ensembl', 'domain': 'ensembl.org'})">Ensembl</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/gdv/browser/gene/?id=64780" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Detailed views of the complete genomes of selected organisms from vertebrates to protozoa." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'NCBI Genome Viewer', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">NCBI Genome Viewer</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&hgFind=omimGeneAcc&position=607129" class="mim-tip-hint" title="UCSC Genome Browser; reference sequences and working draft assemblies for a large collection of genomes." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'UCSC Genome Browser', 'domain': 'genome.ucsc.edu'})">UCSC Genome Browser</a></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 0px; border-radius: 0px">
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimDna">
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<span class="panel-title">
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<span class="small">
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<a href="#mimDnaLinksFold" id="mimDnaLinksToggle" class="collapsed mimSingletonTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#mimExternalLinksAccordion">
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<span id="mimDnaLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5">►</span> DNA
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</a>
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</span>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div id="mimDnaLinksFold" class="panel-collapse collapse mimLinksFold" role="tabpanel">
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<div class="panel-body small mim-panel-body">
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<div><a href="https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Transcript/Sequence_cDNA?db=core;g=ENSG00000135596;t=ENST00000358807" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Transcript-based views for coding and noncoding DNA." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Ensembl', 'domain': 'ensembl.org'})">Ensembl (MANE Select)</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001159291,NM_001286613,NM_022765" class="mim-tip-hint" title="A collection of genome, gene, and transcript sequence data from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'NCBI RefSeq', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih'})">NCBI RefSeq</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_022765" class="mim-tip-hint" title="A collection of genome, gene, and transcript sequence data from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'NCBI RefSeq (MANE)', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih'})">NCBI RefSeq (MANE Select)</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&hgFind=omimGeneAcc&position=607129" class="mim-tip-hint" title="UCSC Genome Browser; reference sequences and working draft assemblies for a large collection of genomes." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'UCSC Genome Browser', 'domain': 'genome.ucsc.edu'})">UCSC Genome Browser</a></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 0px; border-radius: 0px">
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimProtein">
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<span class="panel-title">
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<span class="small">
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<a href="#mimProteinLinksFold" id="mimProteinLinksToggle" class="collapsed mimSingletonTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#mimExternalLinksAccordion">
|
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<span id="mimProteinLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5">►</span> Protein
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</a>
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</span>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div id="mimProteinLinksFold" class="panel-collapse collapse mimLinksFold" role="tabpanel">
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<div class="panel-body small mim-panel-body">
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<div><a href="https://hprd.org/summary?hprd_id=06183&isoform_id=06183_1&isoform_name=Isoform_1" class="mim-tip-hint" title="The Human Protein Reference Database; manually extracted and visually depicted information on human proteins." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'HPRD', 'domain': 'hprd.org'})">HPRD</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.proteinatlas.org/search/MICAL1" class="mim-tip-hint" title="The Human Protein Atlas contains information for a large majority of all human protein-coding genes regarding the expression and localization of the corresponding proteins based on both RNA and protein data." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'HumanProteinAtlas', 'domain': 'proteinatlas.org'})">Human Protein Atlas</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/6102914,10433309,10437898,10440520,19570335,27503142,31417628,31419730,45593495,47077693,119568724,119568725,119568726,119568727,119568728,119568729,119568730,205360947,221041248,226530313,557636673,1145587748" class="mim-tip-hint" title="NCBI protein data." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'NCBI Protein', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">NCBI Protein</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q8TDZ2" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Comprehensive protein sequence and functional information, including supporting data." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'UniProt', 'domain': 'uniprot.org'})">UniProt</a></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 0px; border-radius: 0px">
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimGeneInfo">
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<span class="panel-title">
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<span class="small">
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<a href="#mimGeneInfoLinksFold" id="mimGeneInfoLinksToggle" class="collapsed mimSingletonTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#mimExternalLinksAccordion">
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<div style="display: table-row">
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<div id="mimGeneInfoLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5; display: table-cell;">►</div>
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<div style="display: table-cell;">Gene Info</div>
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</div>
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</a>
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</span>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div id="mimGeneInfoLinksFold" class="panel-collapse collapse mimLinksFold" role="tabpanel">
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<div class="panel-body small mim-panel-body">
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<div><a href="http://biogps.org/#goto=genereport&id=64780" class="mim-tip-hint" title="The Gene Portal Hub; customizable portal of gene and protein function information." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'BioGPS', 'domain': 'biogps.org'})">BioGPS</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000135596;t=ENST00000358807" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Orthologs, paralogs, regulatory regions, and splice variants." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Ensembl', 'domain': 'ensembl.org'})">Ensembl</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=MICAL1" class="mim-tip-hint" title="The Human Genome Compendium; web-based cards integrating automatically mined information on human genes." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'GeneCards', 'domain': 'genecards.org'})">GeneCards</a></div>
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<div><a href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/search/annotation?q=MICAL1" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Terms, defined using controlled vocabulary, representing gene product properties (biologic process, cellular component, molecular function) across species." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'GeneOntology', 'domain': 'amigo.geneontology.org'})">Gene Ontology</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa+64780" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; diagrams of signaling pathways." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'KEGG', 'domain': 'genome.jp'})">KEGG</a></div>
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<dd><a href="http://v1.marrvel.org/search/gene/MICAL1" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Model organism Aggregated Resources for Rare Variant ExpLoration." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MARRVEL', 'domain': 'marrvel.org'})">MARRVEL</a></dd>
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<dd><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/NCBIGene:64780" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Monarch Initiative." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Monarch', 'domain': 'monarchinitiative.org'})">Monarch</a></dd>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/64780" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Gene-specific map, sequence, expression, structure, function, citation, and homology data." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'NCBI Gene', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">NCBI Gene</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGene?db=hg38&hgg_chrom=chr6&hgg_gene=ENST00000358807.8&hgg_start=109444062&hgg_end=109465968&hgg_type=knownGene" class="mim-tip-hint" title="UCSC Genome Bioinformatics; gene-specific structure and function information with links to other databases." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'UCSC', 'domain': 'genome.ucsc.edu'})">UCSC</a></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 0px; border-radius: 0px">
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimClinicalResources">
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<span class="panel-title">
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<span class="small">
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<a href="#mimClinicalResourcesLinksFold" id="mimClinicalResourcesLinksToggle" class="collapsed mimSingletonTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#mimExternalLinksAccordion">
|
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<div style="display: table-row">
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<div id="mimClinicalResourcesLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5; display: table-cell;">►</div>
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<div style="display: table-cell;">Clinical Resources</div>
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</div>
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</a>
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</span>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div id="mimClinicalResourcesLinksFold" class="panel-collapse collapse mimLinksFold" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="clinicalResources">
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<div class="panel-body small mim-panel-body">
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/all/tests/?term=607129[mim]" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Genetic Testing Registry." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'GTR', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">GTR</a></div>
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<div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 0px; border-radius: 0px">
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimVariation">
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<span class="panel-title">
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<span class="small">
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<a href="#mimVariationLinksFold" id="mimVariationLinksToggle" class=" mimSingletonTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#mimExternalLinksAccordion">
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<span id="mimVariationLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5">▼</span> Variation
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</a>
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<div id="mimVariationLinksFold" class="panel-collapse collapse in mimLinksFold" role="tabpanel">
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<div class="panel-body small mim-panel-body">
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar?term=607129[MIM]" class="mim-tip-hint" title="ClinVar aggregates information about sequence variation and its relationship to human health." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'ClinVar', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">ClinVar</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/gene/ENSG00000135596" class="mim-tip-hint" title="The Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), Broad Institute." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'gnomAD', 'domain': 'gnomad.broadinstitute.org'})">gnomAD</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/search?query=MICAL1" class="mim-tip-hint" title="GWAS Catalog; NHGRI-EBI Catalog of published genome-wide association studies." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'GWAS Catalog', 'domain': 'gwascatalog.org'})">GWAS Catalog </a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.gwascentral.org/search?q=MICAL1" class="mim-tip-hint" title="GWAS Central; summary level genotype-to-phenotype information from genetic association studies." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'GWAS Central', 'domain': 'gwascentral.org'})">GWAS Central </a></div>
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<div><a href="https://evs.gs.washington.edu/EVS/PopStatsServlet?searchBy=Gene+Hugo&target=MICAL1&upstreamSize=0&downstreamSize=0&x=0&y=0" class="mim-tip-hint" title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Exome Variant Server." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'NHLBI EVS', 'domain': 'evs.gs.washington.edu'})">NHLBI EVS</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.pharmgkb.org/gene/PA134900249" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base; curated and annotated information regarding the effects of human genetic variations on drug response." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PharmGKB', 'domain': 'pharmgkb.org'})">PharmGKB</a></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 0px; border-radius: 0px">
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimAnimalModels">
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<span class="panel-title">
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<span class="small">
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<a href="#mimAnimalModelsLinksFold" id="mimAnimalModelsLinksToggle" class="collapsed mimSingletonTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#mimExternalLinksAccordion">
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<div style="display: table-row">
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<div id="mimAnimalModelsLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5; display: table-cell;">►</div>
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<div style="display: table-cell;">Animal Models</div>
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</div>
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</a>
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</span>
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</span>
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<div id="mimAnimalModelsLinksFold" class="panel-collapse collapse mimLinksFold" role="tabpanel">
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<div class="panel-body small mim-panel-body">
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<div><a href="https://www.alliancegenome.org/gene/HGNC:20619" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Search Across Species; explore model organism and human comparative genomics." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Alliance Genome', 'domain': 'alliancegenome.org'})">Alliance Genome</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.mousephenotype.org/data/genes/MGI:2385847" class="mim-tip-hint" title="International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'IMPC', 'domain': 'knockoutmouse.org'})">IMPC</a></div>
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<div><a href="http://v1.marrvel.org/search/gene/MICAL1#HomologGenesPanel" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Model organism Aggregated Resources for Rare Variant ExpLoration." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MARRVEL', 'domain': 'marrvel.org'})">MARRVEL</a></div>
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<div><a href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:2385847" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Mouse Genome Informatics; international database resource for the laboratory mouse, including integrated genetic, genomic, and biological data." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MGI Mouse Gene', 'domain': 'informatics.jax.org'})">MGI Mouse Gene</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.mmrrc.org/catalog/StrainCatalogSearchForm.php?search_query=" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Mutant Mouse Resource & Research Centers." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MMRRC', 'domain': 'mmrrc.org'})">MMRRC</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/64780/ortholog/" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Orthologous genes at NCBI." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'NCBI Orthologs', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">NCBI Orthologs</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.orthodb.org/?ncbi=64780" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Hierarchical catalogue of orthologs." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'OrthoDB', 'domain': 'orthodb.org'})">OrthoDB</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://zfin.org/ZDB-GENE-081022-3" class="mim-tip-hint" title="The Zebrafish Model Organism Database." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'ZFin', 'domain': 'zfin.org'})">ZFin</a></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 0px; border-radius: 0px">
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimCellularPathways">
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<span class="panel-title">
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<span class="small">
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<a href="#mimCellularPathwaysLinksFold" id="mimCellularPathwaysLinksToggle" class="collapsed mimSingletonTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#mimExternalLinksAccordion">
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<div style="display: table-row">
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<div id="mimCellularPathwaysLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5; display: table-cell;">►</div>
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<div style="display: table-cell;">Cellular Pathways</div>
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</div>
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</a>
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</span>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div id="mimCellularPathwaysLinksFold" class="panel-collapse collapse mimLinksFold" role="tabpanel">
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<div class="panel-body small mim-panel-body">
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<div><a href="https://reactome.org/content/query?q=MICAL1&species=Homo+sapiens&types=Reaction&types=Pathway&cluster=true" class="definition" title="Protein-specific information in the context of relevant cellular pathways." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {{'name': 'Reactome', 'domain': 'reactome.org'}})">Reactome</a></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<span>
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<span class="mim-tip-bottom" qtip_title="<strong>Looking for this gene or this phenotype in other resources?</strong>" qtip_text="Select a related resource from the dropdown menu and click for a targeted link to information directly relevant.">
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</span>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-pull-2 col-md-8 col-md-pull-2 col-sm-8 col-sm-pull-2 col-xs-12">
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<div>
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<a id="title" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div>
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<a id="number" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div class="text-right">
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<div>
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<span class="h3">
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<span class="mim-font mim-tip-hint" title="Gene description">
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<span class="text-danger"><strong>*</strong></span>
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607129
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</span>
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<a id="preferredTitle" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h3>
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<span class="mim-font">
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MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED MONOOXYGENASE, CALPONIN AND LIM DOMAINS-CONTAINING, 1; MICAL1
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</span>
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</h3>
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</div>
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<div>
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<br />
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</div>
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<div>
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<a id="alternativeTitles" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div>
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<p>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<em>Alternative titles; symbols</em>
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</span>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div>
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<h4>
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<span class="mim-font">
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MOLECULE INTERACTING WITH CASL; MICAL<br />
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NEDD9-INTERACTING PROTEIN WITH CALPONIN HOMOLOGY AND LIM DOMAINS; NICAL
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</span>
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</h4>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<br />
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</div>
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<div>
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<a id="approvedGeneSymbols" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<p>
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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<strong><em>HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: <a href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/genes?query=MICAL1" class="mim-tip-hint" title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'HGNC', 'domain': 'genenames.org'})">MICAL1</a></em></strong>
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</span>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div>
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<a id="cytogeneticLocation" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<p>
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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<strong>
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<em>
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Cytogenetic location: <a href="/geneMap/6/766?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=766">6q21</a>
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Genomic coordinates <span class="small">(GRCh38)</span> : <a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&position=chr6:109444062-109465968&dgv=pack&knownGene=pack&omimGene=pack" class="mim-tip-hint" title="UCSC Genome Browser; reference sequences and working draft assemblies for a large collection of genomes." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'UCSC Genome Browser', 'domain': 'genome.ucsc.edu'})">6:109,444,062-109,465,968</a> </span>
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</em>
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</strong>
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<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" target="_blank" class="small"> (from NCBI) </a>
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</span>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div>
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<br />
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</div>
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<div>
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<a id="text" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h4>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<span class="mim-tip-floating" qtip_title="<strong>Looking For More References?</strong>" qtip_text="Click the 'reference plus' icon <span class='glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign'></span> at the end of each OMIM text paragraph to see more references related to the content of the preceding paragraph.">
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<strong>TEXT</strong>
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</span>
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</span>
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</h4>
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<div>
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<a id="description" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h4 href="#mimDescriptionFold" id="mimDescriptionToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
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<span id="mimDescriptionToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">▼</span>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<strong>Description</strong>
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</span>
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</h4>
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</div>
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<div id="mimDescriptionFold" class="collapse in ">
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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<p>MICAL1 is involved in regulation of actin microfilaments (<a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Giridharan, S. S., Rohn, J. L., Naslavsky, N., Caplan, S. <strong>Differential regulation of actin microfilaments by human MICAL proteins.</strong> J. Cell Sci. 125: 614-624, 2012.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22331357/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">22331357</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=22331357[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.089367" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="22331357">Giridharan et al., 2012</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22331357" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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</span>
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<div>
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<br />
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<a id="cloning" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h4 href="#mimCloningFold" id="mimCloningToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
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<span id="mimCloningToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">▼</span>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<strong>Cloning and Expression</strong>
|
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</span>
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</h4>
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</div>
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<div id="mimCloningFold" class="collapse in mimTextToggleFold">
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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<p>Using Far Western screening of a thymus cDNA library, <a href="#6" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Suzuki, T., Nakamoto, T., Ogawa, S., Seo, S., Matsumura, T., Tachibana, K., Morimoto, C., Hirai, H. <strong>MICAL, a novel CasL interacting molecule, associates with vimentin.</strong> J. Biol. Chem. 277: 14933-14941, 2002.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11827972/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">11827972</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111842200" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="11827972">Suzuki et al. (2002)</a> isolated a cDNA encoding MICAL, which interacts with the SH3 domain of CASL (HEF1; <a href="/entry/602265">602265</a>). The 118-kD, 1,067-amino acid MICAL protein has a calponin homology domain, a LIM domain, a putative leucine zipper motif, and a proline-rich PPKPP sequence. MICAL associates with CASL through the PPKPP sequence. Northern blot analysis of hematopoietic cell lines and murine tissues showed that MICAL is expressed in thymus, lung, spleen, kidney, testis, and hematopoietic cells. MICAL is a cytoplasmic protein that colocalizes with CASL at the perinuclear area. Through its C-terminal region, MICAL also associates with vimentin (<a href="/entry/193060">193060</a>), a major component of intermediate filaments. Immunostaining revealed that MICAL localizes along with vimentin intermediate filaments. These results suggested that MICAL may be a cytoskeletal regulator that connects CASL to intermediate filaments. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=11827972" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>By protein sequence analysis, <a href="#8" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Weide, T., Teuber, J., Bayer, M., Barnekow, A. <strong>MICAL-1 isoforms, novel rab1 interacting proteins.</strong> Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 306: 79-86, 2003.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12788069/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">12788069</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00918-5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="12788069">Weide et al. (2003)</a> showed that human MICAL1 protein contains a flavoprotein monooxygenase domain, a calponin homology (CH) domain, and a LIM domain. Additionally, they identified 2 putative coiled-coil (cc) domains in the C-terminal region, a putative rab1 binding site, and a highly charged polyglutamic acid stretch. MICAL1 contains 2 splice variants, referred to as MICAL1a and MICAL1b, encoding 2 isoforms of 1067 and 981 amino acids, respectively. Cell fractionation analysis revealed that MICAL1 was predominantly localized to cytosol. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=12788069" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>Using immunofluorescence assays, <a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Giridharan, S. S., Rohn, J. L., Naslavsky, N., Caplan, S. <strong>Differential regulation of actin microfilaments by human MICAL proteins.</strong> J. Cell Sci. 125: 614-624, 2012.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22331357/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">22331357</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=22331357[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.089367" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="22331357">Giridharan et al. (2012)</a> confirmed that HA-tagged MICAL1 localized to the cytoplasm of transfected HeLa cells. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22331357" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p><a href="#8" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Weide, T., Teuber, J., Bayer, M., Barnekow, A. <strong>MICAL-1 isoforms, novel rab1 interacting proteins.</strong> Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 306: 79-86, 2003.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12788069/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">12788069</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00918-5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="12788069">Weide et al. (2003)</a> determined that the human MICAL1 gene consists of 25 exons. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=12788069" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p>By radiation hybrid analysis, <a href="#6" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Suzuki, T., Nakamoto, T., Ogawa, S., Seo, S., Matsumura, T., Tachibana, K., Morimoto, C., Hirai, H. <strong>MICAL, a novel CasL interacting molecule, associates with vimentin.</strong> J. Biol. Chem. 277: 14933-14941, 2002.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11827972/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">11827972</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111842200" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="11827972">Suzuki et al. (2002)</a> mapped the MICAL gene to chromosome 6q16.16. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=11827972" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Stumpf, A. M. <strong>Personal Communication.</strong> Baltimore, Md. 07/25/2024."None>Stumpf (2024)</a> mapped the MICAL1 gene to chromosome 6q21 based on an alignment of the MICAL1 sequence (GenBank <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/all/?term=BC042144" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'GENBANK\', \'domain\': \'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\'})">BC042144</a>) with the genomic sequence (GRCh38).</p>
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<p><a href="#7" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Terman, J. R., Mao, T., Pasterkamp, R. J., Yu, H.-H., Kolodkin, A. L. <strong>MICALs, a family of conserved flavoprotein oxidoreductases, function in plexin-mediated axonal repulsion.</strong> Cell 109: 887-900, 2002.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12110185/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">12110185</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00794-8" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="12110185">Terman et al. (2002)</a> showed that Drosophila Mical, a large, multidomain, cytosolic protein expressed in axons, interacts with the neuronal plexin A (Plexa; see <a href="/entry/601055">601055</a>) receptor and is required for semaphorin-1A (Sema1a)-Plexa-mediated repulsive axon guidance. In addition to containing several domains known to interact with cytoskeletal components, Mical has a flavoprotein monooxygenase domain, the integrity of which is required for Sema1a-Plexa repulsive axon guidance. Vertebrate orthologs of Drosophila Mical are neuronally expressed and also interact with vertebrate plexins, and monooxygenase inhibitors abrogate semaphorin-mediated axonal repulsion. These results suggested a novel role for oxidoreductases in repulsive neuronal guidance. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=12110185" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>By a yeast 2-hybrid screen of a human placenta cDNA library, <a href="#8" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Weide, T., Teuber, J., Bayer, M., Barnekow, A. <strong>MICAL-1 isoforms, novel rab1 interacting proteins.</strong> Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 306: 79-86, 2003.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12788069/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">12788069</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00918-5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="12788069">Weide et al. (2003)</a> identified human MICAL1 as an interacting protein of the Rab1 GTPase RAB1B (<a href="/entry/612565">612565</a>). The interaction was confirmed by pull-down experiments, and only active RAB1B showed a strong interaction, indicating that the interaction was nucleotide-dependent. Deletion mutation analysis revealed that the RAB1 interacting domain was in the C-terminal portion of the MICAL1 protein. Cell fractionation analysis indicated that the interaction between MICAL1 and RAB1B was also present in human cells. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=12788069" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Hung, R.-J., Yazdani, U., Yoon, J., Wu, H., Yang, T., Gupta, N., Huang, Z., van Berkel, W. J. H., Terman, J. R. <strong>Mical links semaphorins to F-actin disassembly.</strong> Nature 463: 823-827, 2010.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20148037/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">20148037</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=20148037[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08724" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="20148037">Hung et al. (2010)</a> reported that Drosophila Mical directly links semaphorins and their plexin receptors to the precise control of actin filament (F-actin) dynamics. The authors found that Mical is both necessary and sufficient for semaphorin-plexin-mediated F-actin reorganization in vivo. Likewise, purified Mical protein directly bound F-actin and disassembled both individual and bundled actin filaments. Mical utilized its redox activity to alter F-actin dynamics in vivo and in vitro, indicating a previously unknown role for specific redox signaling events in actin cytoskeletal regulation. <a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Hung, R.-J., Yazdani, U., Yoon, J., Wu, H., Yang, T., Gupta, N., Huang, Z., van Berkel, W. J. H., Terman, J. R. <strong>Mical links semaphorins to F-actin disassembly.</strong> Nature 463: 823-827, 2010.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20148037/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">20148037</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=20148037[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08724" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="20148037">Hung et al. (2010)</a> concluded that Mical therefore is a novel F-actin disassembly factor that provides a molecular conduit through which actin reorganization, a hallmark of cell morphologic changes including axon navigation, can be precisely achieved spatiotemporally in response to semaphorins. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=20148037" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Hung, R.-J., Pak, C. W., Terman, J. R. <strong>Direct redox regulation of F-actin assembly and disassembly by Mical.</strong> Science 334: 1710-1713, 2011.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22116028/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">22116028</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=22116028[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1211956" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="22116028">Hung et al. (2011)</a> described a biochemical process that was able to disassemble actin filaments and limit their reassembly. Actin was a specific substrate of the multidomain oxidation-reduction enzyme, Mical, an actin disassembly factor that directly responds to semaphorin (see <a href="/entry/601124">601124</a>)/plexin (e.g., <a href="/entry/601054">601054</a>) extracellular repulsive cues. Actin filament subunits were directly modified by Mical on their conserved pointed-end, which is critical for filament assembly. Mical posttranslationally oxidized the methionine-44 residue within the D-loop of actin, simultaneously severing filaments and decreasing polymerization. <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Hung, R.-J., Pak, C. W., Terman, J. R. <strong>Direct redox regulation of F-actin assembly and disassembly by Mical.</strong> Science 334: 1710-1713, 2011.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22116028/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">22116028</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=22116028[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1211956" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="22116028">Hung et al. (2011)</a> concluded that this mechanism underlying actin cytoskeletal collapse may have broad physiologic and pathologic ramifications. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22116028" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Giridharan, S. S., Rohn, J. L., Naslavsky, N., Caplan, S. <strong>Differential regulation of actin microfilaments by human MICAL proteins.</strong> J. Cell Sci. 125: 614-624, 2012.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22331357/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">22331357</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=22331357[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.089367" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="22331357">Giridharan et al. (2012)</a> found that MICAL2 (<a href="/entry/608881">608881</a>) overexpression in HeLa cells induced loss of actin stress fibers and generation of actin-rich protrusions. The MICAL2 FAD domain was both required and sufficient for actin stress fiber loss. MICAL1 overexpression did not induce loss of actin stress fibers. However, overexpression of MICAL1 lacking its C-terminal coiled-coil domain led to a dramatic reduction in actin stress fibers, as well as decreased levels of overall F-actin. The findings suggested that the FAD domains of MICAL1 and MICAL2 are both actin stress fiber regulators, but that the coiled-coil domain, which is present in MICAL1 but absent in MICAL2, is self-inhibitory. In line with these results, depletion of either MICAL1 or MICAL2 induced generation of actin-rich protrusions, and generation of actin-rich protrusions induced by MICAL1 depletion could be partially rescued by reintroduction of MICAL1. Further analysis revealed that MICAL proteins exerted their effects on actin microfilaments, at least in part, through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via their FAD domains. However, self-inhibitory MICAL1 was unable to generate ROS unless its coiled-coil domain was removed. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22331357" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>By mass spectrometry analysis, <a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Konstantinidis, K., Bezzerides, V. J., Lai, L., Isbell, H. M., Wei, A.-C., Wu, Y., Viswanathan, M. C., Blum, I. D., Granger, J. M., Heims-Waldron, D., Zhang, D., Luczak, E. D., and 16 others. <strong>MICAL1 constrains cardiac stress responses and protects against disease by oxidizing CaMKII.</strong> J. Clin. Invest. 130: 4663-4678, 2020.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32749237/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">32749237</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=32749237[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI133181" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="32749237">Konstantinidis et al. (2020)</a> identified methionine-308 (M308), a highly conserved residue in the calmodulin (CaM)-binding domain of CaMKII (<a href="/entry/114078">114078</a>), as a target for MICAL1-catalyzed oxidation and MSRB (<a href="/entry/606216">606216</a>)-catalyzed reduction, which was supported by subsequent structural analysis. MICAL1 oxidized M308 of CaMKII to M308-sulfoxide (M308-SO), and this reaction could be reversed by MSRB (<a href="/entry/606216">606216</a>). CaMKII activation was not required for M308 oxidation by MICAL1, and redox modulation of M308 regulated CaMKII activity by controlling its CaM binding, as M308-SO significantly decreased CaMKII binding to Ca(2+)/CaM, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=32749237" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p><a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Konstantinidis, K., Bezzerides, V. J., Lai, L., Isbell, H. M., Wei, A.-C., Wu, Y., Viswanathan, M. C., Blum, I. D., Granger, J. M., Heims-Waldron, D., Zhang, D., Luczak, E. D., and 16 others. <strong>MICAL1 constrains cardiac stress responses and protects against disease by oxidizing CaMKII.</strong> J. Clin. Invest. 130: 4663-4678, 2020.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32749237/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">32749237</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=32749237[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI133181" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="32749237">Konstantinidis et al. (2020)</a> found that CaMkII was excessively activated in the hearts of Mical1 -/- mice, and that hyperactivation of CaMkII contributed to excess mortality after pathologic myocardial stress. For further analysis, the authors identified a Mical1 R116H mutant that could distinguish F-actin and CaMkII, as the mutant selectively lost the actin targeting function but retained the protection against CaMkII hyperactivation. Accordingly, Mical1 R116H knockin mice were born at mendelian ratios with no obvious morphometric differences compared with wildtype, and they were protected from the excessive mortality seen with Mical1 -/- mice. These results suggested that Mical1 constrained CaMkII activity in vivo, that loss of Mical1 activity was sufficient to promote CaMkII-triggered heart disease, and that these observations were not due to loss of Mical1 functions related to actin oxidation. In vitro analysis demonstrated that M308 was a redox switch that determined CaMkII activity, as M308-SO and M308V, a hypomorphic but not inactive mutant mimicking M308-SO, profoundly reduced Ca(2+)/CaM binding and subsequent CaMKII activity. This M308 regulation of CaMkII responses by controlling Ca(2+)/CaM binding was further confirmed in vivo in CaMKII-delta M308V mice and in Drosophila. Mathematical modeling predicted that modification of CaMKII M308 by oxidation or mutation to M308V could significantly inhibit CaMKII activity in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). In agreement, introduction of M308V mutation in cardiomyocytes with CPVT derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) prevented CaMKII hyperactivation. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=32749237" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
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<a id="1" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<a id="Giridharan2012" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div class="">
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Giridharan, S. S., Rohn, J. L., Naslavsky, N., Caplan, S.
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<strong>Differential regulation of actin microfilaments by human MICAL proteins.</strong>
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J. Cell Sci. 125: 614-624, 2012.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22331357/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">22331357</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=22331357[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22331357" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.089367" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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<a id="Hung2011" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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Hung, R.-J., Pak, C. W., Terman, J. R.
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<strong>Direct redox regulation of F-actin assembly and disassembly by Mical.</strong>
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Science 334: 1710-1713, 2011.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22116028/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">22116028</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=22116028[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22116028" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1211956" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Hung, R.-J., Yazdani, U., Yoon, J., Wu, H., Yang, T., Gupta, N., Huang, Z., van Berkel, W. J. H., Terman, J. R.
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<strong>Mical links semaphorins to F-actin disassembly.</strong>
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Nature 463: 823-827, 2010.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20148037/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">20148037</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=20148037[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=20148037" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08724" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Konstantinidis, K., Bezzerides, V. J., Lai, L., Isbell, H. M., Wei, A.-C., Wu, Y., Viswanathan, M. C., Blum, I. D., Granger, J. M., Heims-Waldron, D., Zhang, D., Luczak, E. D., and 16 others.
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<strong>MICAL1 constrains cardiac stress responses and protects against disease by oxidizing CaMKII.</strong>
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J. Clin. Invest. 130: 4663-4678, 2020.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32749237/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">32749237</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=32749237[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=32749237" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI133181" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Stumpf, A. M.
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<strong>Personal Communication.</strong>
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Baltimore, Md. 07/25/2024.
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Suzuki, T., Nakamoto, T., Ogawa, S., Seo, S., Matsumura, T., Tachibana, K., Morimoto, C., Hirai, H.
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<strong>MICAL, a novel CasL interacting molecule, associates with vimentin.</strong>
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J. Biol. Chem. 277: 14933-14941, 2002.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11827972/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">11827972</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=11827972" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111842200" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Terman, J. R., Mao, T., Pasterkamp, R. J., Yu, H.-H., Kolodkin, A. L.
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<strong>MICALs, a family of conserved flavoprotein oxidoreductases, function in plexin-mediated axonal repulsion.</strong>
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Cell 109: 887-900, 2002.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12110185/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">12110185</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=12110185" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00794-8" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Weide, T., Teuber, J., Bayer, M., Barnekow, A.
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<strong>MICAL-1 isoforms, novel rab1 interacting proteins.</strong>
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Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 306: 79-86, 2003.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12788069/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">12788069</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=12788069" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00918-5" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Bao Lige - updated : 11/07/2024
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Anne M. Stumpf - updated : 07/25/2024<br>Bao Lige - updated : 07/25/2024<br>Ada Hamosh - updated : 2/7/2012<br>Ada Hamosh - updated : 3/5/2010
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Stylianos E. Antonarakis : 7/31/2002
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carol : 08/28/2024<br>alopez : 07/25/2024<br>alopez : 07/25/2024<br>alopez : 02/09/2012<br>terry : 2/7/2012<br>alopez : 3/8/2010<br>alopez : 3/8/2010<br>terry : 3/5/2010<br>mgross : 10/28/2008<br>mgross : 10/23/2008<br>carol : 5/19/2008<br>alopez : 6/16/2004<br>mgross : 7/31/2002
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<strong>*</strong> 607129
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MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED MONOOXYGENASE, CALPONIN AND LIM DOMAINS-CONTAINING, 1; MICAL1
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MOLECULE INTERACTING WITH CASL; MICAL<br />
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NEDD9-INTERACTING PROTEIN WITH CALPONIN HOMOLOGY AND LIM DOMAINS; NICAL
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Cytogenetic location: 6q21
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<span class="small">(from NCBI)</span>
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<p>MICAL1 is involved in regulation of actin microfilaments (Giridharan et al., 2012). </p>
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<strong>Cloning and Expression</strong>
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<p>Using Far Western screening of a thymus cDNA library, Suzuki et al. (2002) isolated a cDNA encoding MICAL, which interacts with the SH3 domain of CASL (HEF1; 602265). The 118-kD, 1,067-amino acid MICAL protein has a calponin homology domain, a LIM domain, a putative leucine zipper motif, and a proline-rich PPKPP sequence. MICAL associates with CASL through the PPKPP sequence. Northern blot analysis of hematopoietic cell lines and murine tissues showed that MICAL is expressed in thymus, lung, spleen, kidney, testis, and hematopoietic cells. MICAL is a cytoplasmic protein that colocalizes with CASL at the perinuclear area. Through its C-terminal region, MICAL also associates with vimentin (193060), a major component of intermediate filaments. Immunostaining revealed that MICAL localizes along with vimentin intermediate filaments. These results suggested that MICAL may be a cytoskeletal regulator that connects CASL to intermediate filaments. </p><p>By protein sequence analysis, Weide et al. (2003) showed that human MICAL1 protein contains a flavoprotein monooxygenase domain, a calponin homology (CH) domain, and a LIM domain. Additionally, they identified 2 putative coiled-coil (cc) domains in the C-terminal region, a putative rab1 binding site, and a highly charged polyglutamic acid stretch. MICAL1 contains 2 splice variants, referred to as MICAL1a and MICAL1b, encoding 2 isoforms of 1067 and 981 amino acids, respectively. Cell fractionation analysis revealed that MICAL1 was predominantly localized to cytosol. </p><p>Using immunofluorescence assays, Giridharan et al. (2012) confirmed that HA-tagged MICAL1 localized to the cytoplasm of transfected HeLa cells. </p>
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<strong>Gene Structure</strong>
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<p>Weide et al. (2003) determined that the human MICAL1 gene consists of 25 exons. </p>
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<strong>Mapping</strong>
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<p>By radiation hybrid analysis, Suzuki et al. (2002) mapped the MICAL gene to chromosome 6q16.16. </p><p>Stumpf (2024) mapped the MICAL1 gene to chromosome 6q21 based on an alignment of the MICAL1 sequence (GenBank BC042144) with the genomic sequence (GRCh38).</p>
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<strong>Gene Function</strong>
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<p>Terman et al. (2002) showed that Drosophila Mical, a large, multidomain, cytosolic protein expressed in axons, interacts with the neuronal plexin A (Plexa; see 601055) receptor and is required for semaphorin-1A (Sema1a)-Plexa-mediated repulsive axon guidance. In addition to containing several domains known to interact with cytoskeletal components, Mical has a flavoprotein monooxygenase domain, the integrity of which is required for Sema1a-Plexa repulsive axon guidance. Vertebrate orthologs of Drosophila Mical are neuronally expressed and also interact with vertebrate plexins, and monooxygenase inhibitors abrogate semaphorin-mediated axonal repulsion. These results suggested a novel role for oxidoreductases in repulsive neuronal guidance. </p><p>By a yeast 2-hybrid screen of a human placenta cDNA library, Weide et al. (2003) identified human MICAL1 as an interacting protein of the Rab1 GTPase RAB1B (612565). The interaction was confirmed by pull-down experiments, and only active RAB1B showed a strong interaction, indicating that the interaction was nucleotide-dependent. Deletion mutation analysis revealed that the RAB1 interacting domain was in the C-terminal portion of the MICAL1 protein. Cell fractionation analysis indicated that the interaction between MICAL1 and RAB1B was also present in human cells. </p><p>Hung et al. (2010) reported that Drosophila Mical directly links semaphorins and their plexin receptors to the precise control of actin filament (F-actin) dynamics. The authors found that Mical is both necessary and sufficient for semaphorin-plexin-mediated F-actin reorganization in vivo. Likewise, purified Mical protein directly bound F-actin and disassembled both individual and bundled actin filaments. Mical utilized its redox activity to alter F-actin dynamics in vivo and in vitro, indicating a previously unknown role for specific redox signaling events in actin cytoskeletal regulation. Hung et al. (2010) concluded that Mical therefore is a novel F-actin disassembly factor that provides a molecular conduit through which actin reorganization, a hallmark of cell morphologic changes including axon navigation, can be precisely achieved spatiotemporally in response to semaphorins. </p><p>Hung et al. (2011) described a biochemical process that was able to disassemble actin filaments and limit their reassembly. Actin was a specific substrate of the multidomain oxidation-reduction enzyme, Mical, an actin disassembly factor that directly responds to semaphorin (see 601124)/plexin (e.g., 601054) extracellular repulsive cues. Actin filament subunits were directly modified by Mical on their conserved pointed-end, which is critical for filament assembly. Mical posttranslationally oxidized the methionine-44 residue within the D-loop of actin, simultaneously severing filaments and decreasing polymerization. Hung et al. (2011) concluded that this mechanism underlying actin cytoskeletal collapse may have broad physiologic and pathologic ramifications. </p><p>Giridharan et al. (2012) found that MICAL2 (608881) overexpression in HeLa cells induced loss of actin stress fibers and generation of actin-rich protrusions. The MICAL2 FAD domain was both required and sufficient for actin stress fiber loss. MICAL1 overexpression did not induce loss of actin stress fibers. However, overexpression of MICAL1 lacking its C-terminal coiled-coil domain led to a dramatic reduction in actin stress fibers, as well as decreased levels of overall F-actin. The findings suggested that the FAD domains of MICAL1 and MICAL2 are both actin stress fiber regulators, but that the coiled-coil domain, which is present in MICAL1 but absent in MICAL2, is self-inhibitory. In line with these results, depletion of either MICAL1 or MICAL2 induced generation of actin-rich protrusions, and generation of actin-rich protrusions induced by MICAL1 depletion could be partially rescued by reintroduction of MICAL1. Further analysis revealed that MICAL proteins exerted their effects on actin microfilaments, at least in part, through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via their FAD domains. However, self-inhibitory MICAL1 was unable to generate ROS unless its coiled-coil domain was removed. </p><p>By mass spectrometry analysis, Konstantinidis et al. (2020) identified methionine-308 (M308), a highly conserved residue in the calmodulin (CaM)-binding domain of CaMKII (114078), as a target for MICAL1-catalyzed oxidation and MSRB (606216)-catalyzed reduction, which was supported by subsequent structural analysis. MICAL1 oxidized M308 of CaMKII to M308-sulfoxide (M308-SO), and this reaction could be reversed by MSRB (606216). CaMKII activation was not required for M308 oxidation by MICAL1, and redox modulation of M308 regulated CaMKII activity by controlling its CaM binding, as M308-SO significantly decreased CaMKII binding to Ca(2+)/CaM, </p>
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<h4>
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<strong>Animal Model</strong>
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</h4>
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<p>Konstantinidis et al. (2020) found that CaMkII was excessively activated in the hearts of Mical1 -/- mice, and that hyperactivation of CaMkII contributed to excess mortality after pathologic myocardial stress. For further analysis, the authors identified a Mical1 R116H mutant that could distinguish F-actin and CaMkII, as the mutant selectively lost the actin targeting function but retained the protection against CaMkII hyperactivation. Accordingly, Mical1 R116H knockin mice were born at mendelian ratios with no obvious morphometric differences compared with wildtype, and they were protected from the excessive mortality seen with Mical1 -/- mice. These results suggested that Mical1 constrained CaMkII activity in vivo, that loss of Mical1 activity was sufficient to promote CaMkII-triggered heart disease, and that these observations were not due to loss of Mical1 functions related to actin oxidation. In vitro analysis demonstrated that M308 was a redox switch that determined CaMkII activity, as M308-SO and M308V, a hypomorphic but not inactive mutant mimicking M308-SO, profoundly reduced Ca(2+)/CaM binding and subsequent CaMKII activity. This M308 regulation of CaMkII responses by controlling Ca(2+)/CaM binding was further confirmed in vivo in CaMKII-delta M308V mice and in Drosophila. Mathematical modeling predicted that modification of CaMKII M308 by oxidation or mutation to M308V could significantly inhibit CaMKII activity in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). In agreement, introduction of M308V mutation in cardiomyocytes with CPVT derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) prevented CaMKII hyperactivation. </p>
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<h4>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
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</span>
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</h4>
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<p />
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Giridharan, S. S., Rohn, J. L., Naslavsky, N., Caplan, S.
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<strong>Differential regulation of actin microfilaments by human MICAL proteins.</strong>
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J. Cell Sci. 125: 614-624, 2012.
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[PubMed: 22331357]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.089367]
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<li>
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<p class="mim-text-font">
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Hung, R.-J., Pak, C. W., Terman, J. R.
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<strong>Direct redox regulation of F-actin assembly and disassembly by Mical.</strong>
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Science 334: 1710-1713, 2011.
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[PubMed: 22116028]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1211956]
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<p class="mim-text-font">
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Hung, R.-J., Yazdani, U., Yoon, J., Wu, H., Yang, T., Gupta, N., Huang, Z., van Berkel, W. J. H., Terman, J. R.
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<strong>Mical links semaphorins to F-actin disassembly.</strong>
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Nature 463: 823-827, 2010.
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[PubMed: 20148037]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08724]
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<li>
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<p class="mim-text-font">
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Konstantinidis, K., Bezzerides, V. J., Lai, L., Isbell, H. M., Wei, A.-C., Wu, Y., Viswanathan, M. C., Blum, I. D., Granger, J. M., Heims-Waldron, D., Zhang, D., Luczak, E. D., and 16 others.
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<strong>MICAL1 constrains cardiac stress responses and protects against disease by oxidizing CaMKII.</strong>
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J. Clin. Invest. 130: 4663-4678, 2020.
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[PubMed: 32749237]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI133181]
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<li>
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<p class="mim-text-font">
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Stumpf, A. M.
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<strong>Personal Communication.</strong>
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Baltimore, Md. 07/25/2024.
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</p>
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<li>
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<p class="mim-text-font">
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Suzuki, T., Nakamoto, T., Ogawa, S., Seo, S., Matsumura, T., Tachibana, K., Morimoto, C., Hirai, H.
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<strong>MICAL, a novel CasL interacting molecule, associates with vimentin.</strong>
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J. Biol. Chem. 277: 14933-14941, 2002.
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[PubMed: 11827972]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111842200]
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Terman, J. R., Mao, T., Pasterkamp, R. J., Yu, H.-H., Kolodkin, A. L.
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<strong>MICALs, a family of conserved flavoprotein oxidoreductases, function in plexin-mediated axonal repulsion.</strong>
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Cell 109: 887-900, 2002.
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[PubMed: 12110185]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00794-8]
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<p class="mim-text-font">
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Weide, T., Teuber, J., Bayer, M., Barnekow, A.
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<strong>MICAL-1 isoforms, novel rab1 interacting proteins.</strong>
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Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 306: 79-86, 2003.
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[PubMed: 12788069]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00918-5]
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Bao Lige - updated : 11/07/2024<br>Anne M. Stumpf - updated : 07/25/2024<br>Bao Lige - updated : 07/25/2024<br>Ada Hamosh - updated : 2/7/2012<br>Ada Hamosh - updated : 3/5/2010
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Stylianos E. Antonarakis : 7/31/2002
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mgross : 11/07/2024<br>carol : 08/28/2024<br>alopez : 07/25/2024<br>alopez : 07/25/2024<br>alopez : 02/09/2012<br>terry : 2/7/2012<br>alopez : 3/8/2010<br>alopez : 3/8/2010<br>terry : 3/5/2010<br>mgross : 10/28/2008<br>mgross : 10/23/2008<br>carol : 5/19/2008<br>alopez : 6/16/2004<br>mgross : 7/31/2002
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