2386 lines
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Entry
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- *605769 - TRIPARTITE MOTIF-CONTAINING PROTEIN 33; TRIM33
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- OMIM
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<p>
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<span class="h4">*605769</span>
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<br />
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<strong>Table of Contents</strong>
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</p>
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<nav>
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<a href="#title"><strong>Title</strong></a>
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<a href="#text"><strong>Text</strong></a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
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<a href="#description">Description</a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
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<a href="#cloning">Cloning and Expression</a>
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</li>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
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<a href="#mapping">Mapping</a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
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<a href="#geneFunction">Gene Function</a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
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<a href="#cytogenetics">Cytogenetics</a>
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<li role="presentation" style="margin-left: 1em">
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<a href="#animalModel">Animal Model</a>
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<li role="presentation">
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<a href="#references"><strong>References</strong></a>
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<li role="presentation">
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<a href="#contributors"><strong>Contributors</strong></a>
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<li role="presentation">
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<a href="#creationDate"><strong>Creation Date</strong></a>
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</li>
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<li role="presentation">
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<a href="#editHistory"><strong>Edit History</strong></a>
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<div class="col-lg-2 col-lg-push-8 col-md-2 col-md-push-8 col-sm-2 col-sm-push-8 col-xs-12">
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<div id="mimFloatingLinksMenu">
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<div class="panel panel-primary" style="margin-bottom: 0px; border-radius: 4px 4px 0px 0px">
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimExternalLinks">
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<h4 class="panel-title">
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<a href="#mimExternalLinksFold" id="mimExternalLinksToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse">
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<div style="display: table-row">
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<div id="mimExternalLinksToggleTriangle" class="small" style="color: white; display: table-cell;">▼</div>
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<div style="display: table-cell;">External Links</div>
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</div>
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</a>
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</h4>
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</div>
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<div id="mimExternalLinksFold" class="collapse in">
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<div class="panel-group" id="mimExternalLinksAccordion" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true">
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<div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 0px; border-radius: 0px">
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimGenome">
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<span class="panel-title">
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<span class="small">
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<a href="#mimGenomeLinksFold" id="mimGenomeLinksToggle" class="collapsed mimSingletonTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#mimExternalLinksAccordion">
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<span id="mimGenomeLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5">►</span> Genome
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</a>
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</span>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div id="mimGenomeLinksFold" class="panel-collapse collapse mimLinksFold" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="genome">
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<div class="panel-body small mim-panel-body">
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<div><a href="https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Location/View?db=core;g=ENSG00000197323;t=ENST00000358465" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Genome databases for vertebrates and other eukaryotic species." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Ensembl', 'domain': 'ensembl.org'})">Ensembl</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/gdv/browser/gene/?id=51592" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Detailed views of the complete genomes of selected organisms from vertebrates to protozoa." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'NCBI Genome Viewer', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">NCBI Genome Viewer</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&hgFind=omimGeneAcc&position=605769" class="mim-tip-hint" title="UCSC Genome Browser; reference sequences and working draft assemblies for a large collection of genomes." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'UCSC Genome Browser', 'domain': 'genome.ucsc.edu'})">UCSC Genome Browser</a></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 0px; border-radius: 0px">
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimDna">
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<span class="panel-title">
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<span class="small">
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<a href="#mimDnaLinksFold" id="mimDnaLinksToggle" class="collapsed mimSingletonTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#mimExternalLinksAccordion">
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<span id="mimDnaLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5">►</span> DNA
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</a>
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</span>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div id="mimDnaLinksFold" class="panel-collapse collapse mimLinksFold" role="tabpanel">
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<div class="panel-body small mim-panel-body">
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<div><a href="https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Transcript/Sequence_cDNA?db=core;g=ENSG00000197323;t=ENST00000358465" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Transcript-based views for coding and noncoding DNA." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Ensembl', 'domain': 'ensembl.org'})">Ensembl (MANE Select)</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_015906,NM_033020,XM_005270936,XM_005270937,XM_011541568,XM_017001454,XM_047422512" class="mim-tip-hint" title="A collection of genome, gene, and transcript sequence data from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'NCBI RefSeq', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih'})">NCBI RefSeq</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_015906" class="mim-tip-hint" title="A collection of genome, gene, and transcript sequence data from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'NCBI RefSeq (MANE)', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih'})">NCBI RefSeq (MANE Select)</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&hgFind=omimGeneAcc&position=605769" class="mim-tip-hint" title="UCSC Genome Browser; reference sequences and working draft assemblies for a large collection of genomes." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'UCSC Genome Browser', 'domain': 'genome.ucsc.edu'})">UCSC Genome Browser</a></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 0px; border-radius: 0px">
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimProtein">
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<span class="panel-title">
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<span class="small">
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<a href="#mimProteinLinksFold" id="mimProteinLinksToggle" class="collapsed mimSingletonTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#mimExternalLinksAccordion">
|
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<span id="mimProteinLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5">►</span> Protein
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</a>
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</span>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div id="mimProteinLinksFold" class="panel-collapse collapse mimLinksFold" role="tabpanel">
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<div class="panel-body small mim-panel-body">
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<div><a href="https://hprd.org/summary?hprd_id=10423&isoform_id=10423_1&isoform_name=Isoform_1" class="mim-tip-hint" title="The Human Protein Reference Database; manually extracted and visually depicted information on human proteins." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'HPRD', 'domain': 'hprd.org'})">HPRD</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.proteinatlas.org/search/TRIM33" class="mim-tip-hint" title="The Human Protein Atlas contains information for a large majority of all human protein-coding genes regarding the expression and localization of the corresponding proteins based on both RNA and protein data." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'HumanProteinAtlas', 'domain': 'proteinatlas.org'})">Human Protein Atlas</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/4325109,5834582,10432686,12407441,12407443,74027249,74027251,119577003,119577004,119577005,193785757,194378472,313104270,530362773,530362775,767904604,929654259,1034559119,2217268072,2462509968,2462509970,2462509972,2462509974,2462509976" class="mim-tip-hint" title="NCBI protein data." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'NCBI Protein', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">NCBI Protein</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9UPN9" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Comprehensive protein sequence and functional information, including supporting data." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'UniProt', 'domain': 'uniprot.org'})">UniProt</a></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 0px; border-radius: 0px">
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimGeneInfo">
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<span class="panel-title">
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<span class="small">
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<a href="#mimGeneInfoLinksFold" id="mimGeneInfoLinksToggle" class="collapsed mimSingletonTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#mimExternalLinksAccordion">
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<div style="display: table-row">
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<div id="mimGeneInfoLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5; display: table-cell;">►</div>
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<div style="display: table-cell;">Gene Info</div>
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</div>
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</a>
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</span>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div id="mimGeneInfoLinksFold" class="panel-collapse collapse mimLinksFold" role="tabpanel">
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<div class="panel-body small mim-panel-body">
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<div><a href="http://biogps.org/#goto=genereport&id=51592" class="mim-tip-hint" title="The Gene Portal Hub; customizable portal of gene and protein function information." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'BioGPS', 'domain': 'biogps.org'})">BioGPS</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000197323;t=ENST00000358465" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Orthologs, paralogs, regulatory regions, and splice variants." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Ensembl', 'domain': 'ensembl.org'})">Ensembl</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=TRIM33" class="mim-tip-hint" title="The Human Genome Compendium; web-based cards integrating automatically mined information on human genes." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'GeneCards', 'domain': 'genecards.org'})">GeneCards</a></div>
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<div><a href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/search/annotation?q=TRIM33" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Terms, defined using controlled vocabulary, representing gene product properties (biologic process, cellular component, molecular function) across species." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'GeneOntology', 'domain': 'amigo.geneontology.org'})">Gene Ontology</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa+51592" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; diagrams of signaling pathways." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'KEGG', 'domain': 'genome.jp'})">KEGG</a></div>
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<dd><a href="http://v1.marrvel.org/search/gene/TRIM33" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Model organism Aggregated Resources for Rare Variant ExpLoration." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MARRVEL', 'domain': 'marrvel.org'})">MARRVEL</a></dd>
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<dd><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/NCBIGene:51592" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Monarch Initiative." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Monarch', 'domain': 'monarchinitiative.org'})">Monarch</a></dd>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/51592" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Gene-specific map, sequence, expression, structure, function, citation, and homology data." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'NCBI Gene', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">NCBI Gene</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGene?db=hg38&hgg_chrom=chr1&hgg_gene=ENST00000358465.7&hgg_start=114392790&hgg_end=114511203&hgg_type=knownGene" class="mim-tip-hint" title="UCSC Genome Bioinformatics; gene-specific structure and function information with links to other databases." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'UCSC', 'domain': 'genome.ucsc.edu'})">UCSC</a></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 0px; border-radius: 0px">
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimClinicalResources">
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<span class="panel-title">
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<span class="small">
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<a href="#mimClinicalResourcesLinksFold" id="mimClinicalResourcesLinksToggle" class="collapsed mimSingletonTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#mimExternalLinksAccordion">
|
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<div style="display: table-row">
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<div id="mimClinicalResourcesLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5; display: table-cell;">►</div>
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<div style="display: table-cell;">Clinical Resources</div>
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</div>
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</a>
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</span>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div id="mimClinicalResourcesLinksFold" class="panel-collapse collapse mimLinksFold" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="clinicalResources">
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/all/tests/?term=605769[mim]" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Genetic Testing Registry." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'GTR', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">GTR</a></div>
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<div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 0px; border-radius: 0px">
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimVariation">
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<span class="small">
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<a href="#mimVariationLinksFold" id="mimVariationLinksToggle" class=" mimSingletonTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#mimExternalLinksAccordion">
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<span id="mimVariationLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5">▼</span> Variation
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</a>
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<div id="mimVariationLinksFold" class="panel-collapse collapse in mimLinksFold" role="tabpanel">
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<div class="panel-body small mim-panel-body">
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar?term=605769[MIM]" class="mim-tip-hint" title="ClinVar aggregates information about sequence variation and its relationship to human health." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'ClinVar', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">ClinVar</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.deciphergenomics.org/gene/TRIM33/overview/clinical-info" class="mim-tip-hint" title="DECIPHER" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'DECIPHER', 'domain': 'DECIPHER'})">DECIPHER</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/gene/ENSG00000197323" class="mim-tip-hint" title="The Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), Broad Institute." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'gnomAD', 'domain': 'gnomad.broadinstitute.org'})">gnomAD</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/search?query=TRIM33" class="mim-tip-hint" title="GWAS Catalog; NHGRI-EBI Catalog of published genome-wide association studies." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'GWAS Catalog', 'domain': 'gwascatalog.org'})">GWAS Catalog </a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.gwascentral.org/search?q=TRIM33" class="mim-tip-hint" title="GWAS Central; summary level genotype-to-phenotype information from genetic association studies." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'GWAS Central', 'domain': 'gwascentral.org'})">GWAS Central </a></div>
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<div><a href="https://evs.gs.washington.edu/EVS/PopStatsServlet?searchBy=Gene+Hugo&target=TRIM33&upstreamSize=0&downstreamSize=0&x=0&y=0" class="mim-tip-hint" title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Exome Variant Server." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'NHLBI EVS', 'domain': 'evs.gs.washington.edu'})">NHLBI EVS</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.pharmgkb.org/gene/PA38118" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base; curated and annotated information regarding the effects of human genetic variations on drug response." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PharmGKB', 'domain': 'pharmgkb.org'})">PharmGKB</a></div>
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<div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 0px; border-radius: 0px">
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimAnimalModels">
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<span class="panel-title">
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<span class="small">
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<a href="#mimAnimalModelsLinksFold" id="mimAnimalModelsLinksToggle" class="collapsed mimSingletonTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#mimExternalLinksAccordion">
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<div style="display: table-row">
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<div id="mimAnimalModelsLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5; display: table-cell;">►</div>
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<div style="display: table-cell;">Animal Models</div>
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</div>
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</a>
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<div id="mimAnimalModelsLinksFold" class="panel-collapse collapse mimLinksFold" role="tabpanel">
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<div class="panel-body small mim-panel-body">
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<div><a href="https://www.alliancegenome.org/gene/HGNC:16290" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Search Across Species; explore model organism and human comparative genomics." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Alliance Genome', 'domain': 'alliancegenome.org'})">Alliance Genome</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://flybase.org/reports/FBgn0023097.html" class="mim-tip-hint" title="A Database of Drosophila Genes and Genomes." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'FlyBase', 'domain': 'flybase.org'})">FlyBase</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.mousephenotype.org/data/genes/MGI:2137357" class="mim-tip-hint" title="International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'IMPC', 'domain': 'knockoutmouse.org'})">IMPC</a></div>
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<div><a href="http://v1.marrvel.org/search/gene/TRIM33#HomologGenesPanel" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Model organism Aggregated Resources for Rare Variant ExpLoration." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MARRVEL', 'domain': 'marrvel.org'})">MARRVEL</a></div>
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<div><a href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:2137357" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Mouse Genome Informatics; international database resource for the laboratory mouse, including integrated genetic, genomic, and biological data." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MGI Mouse Gene', 'domain': 'informatics.jax.org'})">MGI Mouse Gene</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.mmrrc.org/catalog/StrainCatalogSearchForm.php?search_query=" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Mutant Mouse Resource & Research Centers." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MMRRC', 'domain': 'mmrrc.org'})">MMRRC</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/51592/ortholog/" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Orthologous genes at NCBI." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'NCBI Orthologs', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">NCBI Orthologs</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.orthodb.org/?ncbi=51592" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Hierarchical catalogue of orthologs." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'OrthoDB', 'domain': 'orthodb.org'})">OrthoDB</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://zfin.org/ZDB-GENE-030131-2773" class="mim-tip-hint" title="The Zebrafish Model Organism Database." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'ZFin', 'domain': 'zfin.org'})">ZFin</a></div>
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</div>
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<div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 0px; border-radius: 0px">
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimCellularPathways">
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<span class="panel-title">
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<span class="small">
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<a href="#mimCellularPathwaysLinksFold" id="mimCellularPathwaysLinksToggle" class="collapsed mimSingletonTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#mimExternalLinksAccordion">
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<div style="display: table-row">
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<div id="mimCellularPathwaysLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5; display: table-cell;">►</div>
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<div style="display: table-cell;">Cellular Pathways</div>
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</div>
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</a>
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</span>
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<div><a href="https://reactome.org/content/query?q=TRIM33&species=Homo+sapiens&types=Reaction&types=Pathway&cluster=true" class="definition" title="Protein-specific information in the context of relevant cellular pathways." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {{'name': 'Reactome', 'domain': 'reactome.org'}})">Reactome</a></div>
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<span>
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<span class="mim-tip-bottom" qtip_title="<strong>Looking for this gene or this phenotype in other resources?</strong>" qtip_text="Select a related resource from the dropdown menu and click for a targeted link to information directly relevant.">
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</span>
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</span>
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<div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-pull-2 col-md-8 col-md-pull-2 col-sm-8 col-sm-pull-2 col-xs-12">
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<div>
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<a id="title" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div>
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<a id="number" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div class="text-right">
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<div>
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<span class="h3">
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<span class="mim-font mim-tip-hint" title="Gene description">
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<span class="text-danger"><strong>*</strong></span>
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605769
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</span>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div>
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<a id="preferredTitle" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h3>
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<span class="mim-font">
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TRIPARTITE MOTIF-CONTAINING PROTEIN 33; TRIM33
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</span>
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</h3>
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</div>
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<div>
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<br />
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<div>
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<a id="alternativeTitles" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<p>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<em>Alternative titles; symbols</em>
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</p>
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<div>
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<h4>
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<span class="mim-font">
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TRANSCRIPTIONAL INTERMEDIARY FACTOR 1-GAMMA; TIF1G<br />
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TIF1-GAMMA<br />
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RET-FUSED GENE 7; RFG7<br />
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ECTODERMIN, XENOPUS, HOMOLOG OF; ECTO
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</span>
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</h4>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<br />
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</div>
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<div>
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<a id="includedTitles" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div>
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<p>
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<span class="mim-font">
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Other entities represented in this entry:
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</span>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div>
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<span class="h3 mim-font">
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PTC7 CHIMERIC ONCOGENE, INCLUDED
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</span>
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</div>
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<div>
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<br />
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</div>
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<div>
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<a id="approvedGeneSymbols" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<p>
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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<strong><em>HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: <a href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/genes?query=TRIM33" class="mim-tip-hint" title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'HGNC', 'domain': 'genenames.org'})">TRIM33</a></em></strong>
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</span>
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</p>
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<div>
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<a id="cytogeneticLocation" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<p>
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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<strong>
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<em>
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Cytogenetic location: <a href="/geneMap/1/940?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=940">1p13.2</a>
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Genomic coordinates <span class="small">(GRCh38)</span> : <a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&position=chr1:114392790-114511203&dgv=pack&knownGene=pack&omimGene=pack" class="mim-tip-hint" title="UCSC Genome Browser; reference sequences and working draft assemblies for a large collection of genomes." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'UCSC Genome Browser', 'domain': 'genome.ucsc.edu'})">1:114,392,790-114,511,203</a> </span>
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</em>
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</strong>
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<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" target="_blank" class="small"> (from NCBI) </a>
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</p>
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<div>
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<br />
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<div>
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<a id="text" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h4>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<span class="mim-tip-floating" qtip_title="<strong>Looking For More References?</strong>" qtip_text="Click the 'reference plus' icon <span class='glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign'></span> at the end of each OMIM text paragraph to see more references related to the content of the preceding paragraph.">
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<strong>TEXT</strong>
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</span>
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</span>
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</h4>
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<div>
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<a id="description" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h4 href="#mimDescriptionFold" id="mimDescriptionToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
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<span id="mimDescriptionToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">▼</span>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<strong>Description</strong>
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</span>
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</h4>
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<div id="mimDescriptionFold" class="collapse in ">
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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<p>Members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family are characterized by a shared N-terminal structure consisting of a RING finger, 2 B-box domains, a coiled-coil domain, and for most TRIM proteins, an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. TRIM33 is part of a TRIM subfamily characterized by a C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) juxtaposed to a bromodomain. Members of this TRIM subfamily, including TRIM33, do not bind DNA directly but can be recruited by DNA-binding proteins to act as transcriptional repressors (summary by <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ferri, F., Parcelier, A., Petit, V., Gallouet, A.-S., Lewandowski, D., Dalloz, M., van den Heuvel, A., Kolovos, P., Soler, E., Squadrito, M. L., De Palma, M., Davidson, I., Rousselet, G., Romeo, P.-H. <strong>TRIM33 switches off Ifnb1 gene transcription during the late phase of macrophage activation.</strong> Nature Commun. 6: 8900, 2015. Note: Electronic Article.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26592194/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">26592194</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9900" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="26592194">Ferri et al., 2015</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=26592194" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<div>
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<br />
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</div>
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<div>
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<a id="cloning" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h4 href="#mimCloningFold" id="mimCloningToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
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<span id="mimCloningToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">▼</span>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<strong>Cloning and Expression</strong>
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</span>
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</h4>
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<div id="mimCloningFold" class="collapse in mimTextToggleFold">
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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<p>Differential control of gene expression by nuclear receptors (NRs) that are ligand-dependent transregulators may be mediated by several interacting proteins. Transcriptional intermediary factor-1-alpha (TIF1A; <a href="/entry/603406">603406</a>) interacts specifically in a ligand-dependent manner with the ligand-binding domain of several NRs. TIF1-beta (TIF1B; <a href="/entry/601742">601742</a>) also represses transcription but is not an interacting partner for NRs. Using TIF1A to screen a liver cDNA library, <a href="#7" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Venturini, L., You, J., Stadler, M., Galien, R., Lallemand, V., Koken, M. H. M., Mattei, M. G., Ganser, A., Chambon, P., Losson, R., de The, H. <strong>TIF1-gamma, a novel member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 family.</strong> Oncogene 18: 1209-1217, 1999.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10022127/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">10022127</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1202655" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="10022127">Venturini et al. (1999)</a> identified a cDNA encoding TIF1-gamma (TIF1G). The predicted 1,120-amino acid protein, which is 48% identical to TIF1A and 32% identical to TIF1B, contains an N-terminal RING finger followed by 2 B-box-type fingers, an alpha-helical coiled-coil domain forming a tripartite motif (designated RBCC), and a C-terminal bromodomain preceded by a C4HC3 zinc finger motif, or PHD/TTC finger. In addition, <a href="#7" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Venturini, L., You, J., Stadler, M., Galien, R., Lallemand, V., Koken, M. H. M., Mattei, M. G., Ganser, A., Chambon, P., Losson, R., de The, H. <strong>TIF1-gamma, a novel member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 family.</strong> Oncogene 18: 1209-1217, 1999.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10022127/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">10022127</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1202655" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="10022127">Venturini et al. (1999)</a> identified a 25-amino acid stretch rich in tryptophan and phenylalanine located downstream of the coiled-coil motif. This 25-amino acid stretch is highly conserved between the 3 TIF1 proteins, and the authors termed this the TIF1 signature sequence, or TSS. Northern blot analysis revealed variable expression of 1 to 5 TIF1G transcripts, ranging from 2.5 to 8.8 kb, in all tissues tested. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=10022127" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>Using immunofluorescence and immunoblot analyses, <a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="He, W., Dorn, D. C., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Tempst, P., Moore, M. A. S., Massague, J. <strong>Hematopoiesis controlled by distinct TIF1-gamma and Smad4 branches of the TGF-beta pathway.</strong> Cell 125: 929-941, 2006.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16751102/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">16751102</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.045" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="16751102">He et al. (2006)</a> detected TIF1-gamma in all cell types tested, including primary human hematopoietic progenitors, mouse embryo fibroblasts, and mouse T cells, as well as cell lines from normal tissues and tumors. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that TIF1-gamma localized to the nucleus, outside of nucleoli, in HaCaT human keratinocytes and all other cell types tested. A punctate pattern coexisted with a more diffuse nuclear distribution. Immunohistochemical analysis of mouse embryo sections showed Tif1-gamma nuclear staining of most tissues throughout gestation, with pronounced staining in round hematopoietic cells in yolk sac blood islands at embryonic day 8.5. Strong nuclear staining was also observed in CD34 (<a href="/entry/142230">142230</a>)-positive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from human umbilical cord blood. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=16751102" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p>Using luciferase analysis, <a href="#7" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Venturini, L., You, J., Stadler, M., Galien, R., Lallemand, V., Koken, M. H. M., Mattei, M. G., Ganser, A., Chambon, P., Losson, R., de The, H. <strong>TIF1-gamma, a novel member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 family.</strong> Oncogene 18: 1209-1217, 1999.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10022127/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">10022127</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1202655" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="10022127">Venturini et al. (1999)</a> found that TIF1G, like TIF1A and TIF1B, repressed transcription by binding through the TSS to promoter regions. In contrast to TIF1A, TIF1G did not interfere with the nuclear retinoic acid receptor (RAR; <a href="/entry/180240">180240</a>). Yeast 2-hybrid and in vitro binding analyses showed that TIF1G did not interact with NRs, nor, unlike TIF1A and TIF1B, did it interact with HP1-alpha (CBX5; <a href="/entry/604478">604478</a>), HP1-beta (CBX1; <a href="/entry/604511">604511</a>), HP1-gamma (CBX3; <a href="/entry/604477">604477</a>), or the KRAB domain of KOX1 (<a href="/entry/194538">194538</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=10022127" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Dupont, S., Zacchigna, L., Cordenonsi, M., Soligo, S., Adorno, M., Rugge, M., Piccolo, S. <strong>Germ-layer specification and control of cell growth by ectodermin, a Smad4 ubiquitin ligase.</strong> Cell 121: 87-99, 2005.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15820681/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">15820681</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2005.01.033" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="15820681">Dupont et al. (2005)</a> showed that Xenopus Trim33, which they called ectodermin, functioned as a ubiquitin ligase. By ubiquitinating Smad4 (<a href="/entry/600993">600993</a>), ectodermin restricted the mesoderm-inducing activity of Tgf-beta (TGFB1; <a href="/entry/190180">190180</a>), favored neural induction, and was essential for specification of the ectoderm germ layer in early Xenopus embryos. Depletion of ectodermin in several human cell lines inhibited cell proliferation, and this inhibition was dependent on expression of functional SMAD4. <a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Dupont, S., Zacchigna, L., Cordenonsi, M., Soligo, S., Adorno, M., Rugge, M., Piccolo, S. <strong>Germ-layer specification and control of cell growth by ectodermin, a Smad4 ubiquitin ligase.</strong> Cell 121: 87-99, 2005.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15820681/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">15820681</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2005.01.033" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="15820681">Dupont et al. (2005)</a> concluded that ectodermin is a negative regulator of TGF-beta signaling during early embryonic development and cell proliferation. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=15820681" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>Formation of transcription regulatory complexes by the association of SMAD4 with receptor-phosphorylated SMAD2 (<a href="/entry/601366">601366</a>) and SMAD3 (<a href="/entry/603109">603109</a>) is a central event in the canonical TGF-beta pathway. <a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="He, W., Dorn, D. C., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Tempst, P., Moore, M. A. S., Massague, J. <strong>Hematopoiesis controlled by distinct TIF1-gamma and Smad4 branches of the TGF-beta pathway.</strong> Cell 125: 929-941, 2006.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16751102/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">16751102</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.045" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="16751102">He et al. (2006)</a> found that TIF1-gamma competed with SMAD4 for selective binding of receptor-phosphorylated SMAD2 and SMAD3 in human cells. Domain deletion experiments showed that the activated MH2 domains of SMAD2 and SMAD3 interacted directly with the middle region of TIF1-gamma. TGF-beta induced formation of endogenous SMAD2/3-TIF1-gamma and SMAD2/3-SMAD4 complexes in human and other mammalian hematopoietic, mesenchymal, and epithelial cells. In human CD34-positive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, where TGF-beta inhibits proliferation and stimulates erythroid differentiation, TIF1-gamma mediated the differentiation response, whereas SMAD4 mediated the antiproliferative response, with SMAD2 and SMAD3 participating in both responses. <a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="He, W., Dorn, D. C., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Tempst, P., Moore, M. A. S., Massague, J. <strong>Hematopoiesis controlled by distinct TIF1-gamma and Smad4 branches of the TGF-beta pathway.</strong> Cell 125: 929-941, 2006.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16751102/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">16751102</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.045" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="16751102">He et al. (2006)</a> concluded that SMAD2/3-TIF1-gamma and SMAD2/3-SMAD4 function as complementary effector arms in the control of hematopoietic cell fate by the TGF-beta/SMAD pathway. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=16751102" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ferri, F., Parcelier, A., Petit, V., Gallouet, A.-S., Lewandowski, D., Dalloz, M., van den Heuvel, A., Kolovos, P., Soler, E., Squadrito, M. L., De Palma, M., Davidson, I., Rousselet, G., Romeo, P.-H. <strong>TRIM33 switches off Ifnb1 gene transcription during the late phase of macrophage activation.</strong> Nature Commun. 6: 8900, 2015. Note: Electronic Article.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26592194/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">26592194</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9900" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="26592194">Ferri et al. (2015)</a> found that Trim33 deficiency was associated with increased Ifnb1 (<a href="/entry/147640">147640</a>) mRNA levels and increased IFN-beta secretion during the late stages of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). The coiled-coil domain of Trim33 was required for Ifnb1 regulation, as Trim33 lacking the coiled-coil domain failed to restore Ifnb1 expression to normal in activated Trim33 -/- cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis revealed that Trim33 bound to a distal Ifnb1 gene regulatory element (ICE) in mouse macrophages. ICE functioned as a cis-acting transcriptional repressor element of Ifnb1 activation in macrophages. Binding of Trim33 and Pu.1 (<a href="/entry/165170">165170</a>) to ICE appeared to play an important role in repressing Ifnb1 transcription during the late phase of macrophage activation. ICE exhibited a promoter-like chromatin signature established early during myeloid differentiation. ICE interacted with the Ifnb1 proximal region in a constitutive and Trim33-independent manner, and this interaction was strengthened following LPS stimulation. Further investigation revealed that Trim33 regulated Ifnb1 expression by inhibiting Cbp (CREBBP; <a href="/entry/600140">600140</a>)/p300 (EP300; <a href="/entry/602700">602700</a>) recruitment, as enhanced CBP/p300 recruitment and activity at late times of activation were required for sustained Ifnb1 expression in Trim33 -/- BMDMs. The authors concluded that TRIM33 regulates IFNB1 expression at the late phase of macrophage activation by preventing recruitment of CBP/p300. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=26592194" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>Using pooled short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screening of human RKO colorectal cancer cells, <a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Shi, X., Mihaylova, V. T., Kuruvilla, L., Chen, F., Viviano, S., Baldassarre, M., Sperandio, D., Martinez, R., Yue, P., Bates, J. G., Breckenridge, D. G., Schlessinger, J., Turk, B. E., Calderwood, D. A. <strong>Loss of TRIM33 causes resistance to BET bromodomain inhibitors through MYC- and TGF-beta-dependent mechanisms.</strong> Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 113: E4558-E4566, 2016.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27432991/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">27432991</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608319113" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="27432991">Shi et al. (2016)</a> identified TRIM33 as a negative regulator of resistance to bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) protein inhibitors (BETi). Evaluation of TRIM33-knockdown RKO cells confirmed that TRIM33 promoted sensitivity to BET bromodomain inhibition. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that TRIM33 knockdown maintained MYC (<a href="/entry/190080">190080</a>) expression following BETi treatment, and TRIM33 associated with the MYC promoter in BETi-treated RKO cells. Further analysis found that the TGF-beta (TGFB1; <a href="/entry/190180">190180</a>) signaling pathway also contributed to BETi resistance, as TRIM33 knockdown potentiated TGF-beta signaling, and inhibition of the TGF-beta pathway increased BETi sensitivity in TRIM33-knockdown RKO cells. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=27432991" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#6" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Tanaka, S., Jiang, Y., Martinez, G. J., Tanaka, K., Yan, X., Kurosaki, T., Kaartinen, V., Feng, X.-H., Tian, Q., Wang, X., Dong, C. <strong>Trim33 mediates the proinflammatory function of Th17 cells.</strong> J. Exp. Med. 215: 1853-1868, 2018.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29930104/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">29930104</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20170779" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="29930104">Tanaka et al. (2018)</a> showed that conditional knockout of Trim33 in T cells of mice resulted in decreased Il17 (<a href="/entry/603149">603149</a>) and Ccr6 (<a href="/entry/601835">601835</a>) expression, but enhanced Il10 (<a href="/entry/124092">124092</a>) production, leading to protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Further examination revealed that Trim33 played a crucial role in differentiation of Th17 cells, but not inducible regulatory T (Treg) cells. Microarray and real-time RT-PCR analyses confirmed downregulation of Il17 and Ccr6 and upregulation of Il10 in the absence of Trim33. Il17 and Ccr6 downregulation was not due to enhanced Il10 expression, as Il10 blockade did not restore Il17 and Ccr6 expression in Trim33-knockout T cells. Genomewide analysis of Trim33-bound genes showed that Il17 and Il10 were collaboratively regulated by Trim33 and Ror-gamma (RORC; <a href="/entry/602943">602943</a>) at the transcriptional level. Trim33 controlled Il17 and Il10 expression at the chromatin level through regulation of histone modifications. Smad2 was crucial for binding of Trim33 to Il17 and Il10 loci, and the Trim33/Smad2/Ror-gamma complex was necessary for optimal expression of Il17 and repression of Il10 in Th17 cells. Moreover, enhanced expression of Il10 in Trim33-knockout T cells was almost completely suppressed by deletion of Smad4, indicating that Trim33 suppresses Il10 expression by reduction of Smad4 protein in T cells. The authors concluded that TRIM33 promotes the proinflammatory function of Th17 cells by inducing IL17 and suppressing IL10 expression. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=29930104" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p>The predominant molecular lesions in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC; see <a href="/entry/188550">188550</a>), which were particularly prevalent after the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident, are rearrangements of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase (<a href="/entry/164761">164761</a>). <a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Klugbauer, S., Rabes, H. M. <strong>The transcription coactivator HTIF1 and a related protein are fused to the RET receptor tyrosine kinase in childhood papillary thyroid carcinomas.</strong> Oncogene 18: 4388-4393, 1999.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10439047/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">10439047</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1202824" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="10439047">Klugbauer and Rabes (1999)</a> identified 2 novel types of RET rearrangements, which they termed PTC6 and PTC7. In PTC6, RET is fused to the N-terminal part of TIF1A, and in PTC7, RET is fused to a C-terminal part of TIF1G, which the authors termed RFG7. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=10439047" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p><a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Ferri, F., Parcelier, A., Petit, V., Gallouet, A.-S., Lewandowski, D., Dalloz, M., van den Heuvel, A., Kolovos, P., Soler, E., Squadrito, M. L., De Palma, M., Davidson, I., Rousselet, G., Romeo, P.-H. <strong>TRIM33 switches off Ifnb1 gene transcription during the late phase of macrophage activation.</strong> Nature Commun. 6: 8900, 2015. Note: Electronic Article.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26592194/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">26592194</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9900" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="26592194">Ferri et al. (2015)</a> found that Trim33 -/- mice were healthy with no developmental abnormalities. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=26592194" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#6" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Tanaka, S., Jiang, Y., Martinez, G. J., Tanaka, K., Yan, X., Kurosaki, T., Kaartinen, V., Feng, X.-H., Tian, Q., Wang, X., Dong, C. <strong>Trim33 mediates the proinflammatory function of Th17 cells.</strong> J. Exp. Med. 215: 1853-1868, 2018.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29930104/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">29930104</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20170779" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="29930104">Tanaka et al. (2018)</a> showed that conditional knockout of Trim33 in T cells of mice resulted in decreased Il17 and Ccr6 expression, but enhanced Il10 (<a href="/entry/124092">124092</a>) production, leading to protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=29930104" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
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<a id="Dupont2005" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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Dupont, S., Zacchigna, L., Cordenonsi, M., Soligo, S., Adorno, M., Rugge, M., Piccolo, S.
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<strong>Germ-layer specification and control of cell growth by ectodermin, a Smad4 ubiquitin ligase.</strong>
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Cell 121: 87-99, 2005.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15820681/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">15820681</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=15820681" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2005.01.033" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Ferri, F., Parcelier, A., Petit, V., Gallouet, A.-S., Lewandowski, D., Dalloz, M., van den Heuvel, A., Kolovos, P., Soler, E., Squadrito, M. L., De Palma, M., Davidson, I., Rousselet, G., Romeo, P.-H.
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<strong>TRIM33 switches off Ifnb1 gene transcription during the late phase of macrophage activation.</strong>
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Nature Commun. 6: 8900, 2015. Note: Electronic Article.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26592194/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">26592194</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=26592194" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9900" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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He, W., Dorn, D. C., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Tempst, P., Moore, M. A. S., Massague, J.
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<strong>Hematopoiesis controlled by distinct TIF1-gamma and Smad4 branches of the TGF-beta pathway.</strong>
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Cell 125: 929-941, 2006.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16751102/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">16751102</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=16751102" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.045" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Klugbauer, S., Rabes, H. M.
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<strong>The transcription coactivator HTIF1 and a related protein are fused to the RET receptor tyrosine kinase in childhood papillary thyroid carcinomas.</strong>
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Oncogene 18: 4388-4393, 1999.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10439047/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">10439047</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=10439047" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1202824" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Shi, X., Mihaylova, V. T., Kuruvilla, L., Chen, F., Viviano, S., Baldassarre, M., Sperandio, D., Martinez, R., Yue, P., Bates, J. G., Breckenridge, D. G., Schlessinger, J., Turk, B. E., Calderwood, D. A.
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<strong>Loss of TRIM33 causes resistance to BET bromodomain inhibitors through MYC- and TGF-beta-dependent mechanisms.</strong>
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Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 113: E4558-E4566, 2016.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27432991/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">27432991</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=27432991" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608319113" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Tanaka, S., Jiang, Y., Martinez, G. J., Tanaka, K., Yan, X., Kurosaki, T., Kaartinen, V., Feng, X.-H., Tian, Q., Wang, X., Dong, C.
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<strong>Trim33 mediates the proinflammatory function of Th17 cells.</strong>
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J. Exp. Med. 215: 1853-1868, 2018.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29930104/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">29930104</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=29930104" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20170779" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Venturini, L., You, J., Stadler, M., Galien, R., Lallemand, V., Koken, M. H. M., Mattei, M. G., Ganser, A., Chambon, P., Losson, R., de The, H.
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<strong>TIF1-gamma, a novel member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 family.</strong>
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Oncogene 18: 1209-1217, 1999.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10022127/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">10022127</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=10022127" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1202655" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Matthew B. Gross - updated : 10/25/2018
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Bao Lige - updated : 10/25/2018<br>Patricia A. Hartz - updated : 9/15/2010<br>Matthew B. Gross - updated : 4/12/2010
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Paul J. Converse : 3/26/2001
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mgross : 10/25/2018<br>mgross : 10/25/2018<br>alopez : 08/31/2015<br>mgross : 9/21/2010<br>terry : 9/15/2010<br>wwang : 4/28/2010<br>mgross : 4/12/2010<br>mgross : 4/12/2010<br>mgross : 4/12/2010<br>wwang : 4/22/2008<br>wwang : 4/22/2008<br>mcapotos : 7/20/2001<br>mgross : 3/26/2001<br>mgross : 3/26/2001
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<strong>*</strong> 605769
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TRIPARTITE MOTIF-CONTAINING PROTEIN 33; TRIM33
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TRANSCRIPTIONAL INTERMEDIARY FACTOR 1-GAMMA; TIF1G<br />
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TIF1-GAMMA<br />
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RET-FUSED GENE 7; RFG7<br />
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ECTODERMIN, XENOPUS, HOMOLOG OF; ECTO
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Other entities represented in this entry:
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PTC7 CHIMERIC ONCOGENE, INCLUDED
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<strong><em>HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: TRIM33</em></strong>
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Cytogenetic location: 1p13.2
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Genomic coordinates <span class="small">(GRCh38)</span> : 1:114,392,790-114,511,203 </span>
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<span class="small">(from NCBI)</span>
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<strong>TEXT</strong>
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<strong>Description</strong>
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<p>Members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family are characterized by a shared N-terminal structure consisting of a RING finger, 2 B-box domains, a coiled-coil domain, and for most TRIM proteins, an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. TRIM33 is part of a TRIM subfamily characterized by a C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) juxtaposed to a bromodomain. Members of this TRIM subfamily, including TRIM33, do not bind DNA directly but can be recruited by DNA-binding proteins to act as transcriptional repressors (summary by Ferri et al., 2015). </p>
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<strong>Cloning and Expression</strong>
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<p>Differential control of gene expression by nuclear receptors (NRs) that are ligand-dependent transregulators may be mediated by several interacting proteins. Transcriptional intermediary factor-1-alpha (TIF1A; 603406) interacts specifically in a ligand-dependent manner with the ligand-binding domain of several NRs. TIF1-beta (TIF1B; 601742) also represses transcription but is not an interacting partner for NRs. Using TIF1A to screen a liver cDNA library, Venturini et al. (1999) identified a cDNA encoding TIF1-gamma (TIF1G). The predicted 1,120-amino acid protein, which is 48% identical to TIF1A and 32% identical to TIF1B, contains an N-terminal RING finger followed by 2 B-box-type fingers, an alpha-helical coiled-coil domain forming a tripartite motif (designated RBCC), and a C-terminal bromodomain preceded by a C4HC3 zinc finger motif, or PHD/TTC finger. In addition, Venturini et al. (1999) identified a 25-amino acid stretch rich in tryptophan and phenylalanine located downstream of the coiled-coil motif. This 25-amino acid stretch is highly conserved between the 3 TIF1 proteins, and the authors termed this the TIF1 signature sequence, or TSS. Northern blot analysis revealed variable expression of 1 to 5 TIF1G transcripts, ranging from 2.5 to 8.8 kb, in all tissues tested. </p><p>Using immunofluorescence and immunoblot analyses, He et al. (2006) detected TIF1-gamma in all cell types tested, including primary human hematopoietic progenitors, mouse embryo fibroblasts, and mouse T cells, as well as cell lines from normal tissues and tumors. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that TIF1-gamma localized to the nucleus, outside of nucleoli, in HaCaT human keratinocytes and all other cell types tested. A punctate pattern coexisted with a more diffuse nuclear distribution. Immunohistochemical analysis of mouse embryo sections showed Tif1-gamma nuclear staining of most tissues throughout gestation, with pronounced staining in round hematopoietic cells in yolk sac blood islands at embryonic day 8.5. Strong nuclear staining was also observed in CD34 (142230)-positive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from human umbilical cord blood. </p>
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<strong>Mapping</strong>
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<p>Venturini et al. (1999) mapped the TRIM33 gene to chromosome 1p13 by FISH. </p>
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<strong>Gene Function</strong>
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<p>Using luciferase analysis, Venturini et al. (1999) found that TIF1G, like TIF1A and TIF1B, repressed transcription by binding through the TSS to promoter regions. In contrast to TIF1A, TIF1G did not interfere with the nuclear retinoic acid receptor (RAR; 180240). Yeast 2-hybrid and in vitro binding analyses showed that TIF1G did not interact with NRs, nor, unlike TIF1A and TIF1B, did it interact with HP1-alpha (CBX5; 604478), HP1-beta (CBX1; 604511), HP1-gamma (CBX3; 604477), or the KRAB domain of KOX1 (194538). </p><p>Dupont et al. (2005) showed that Xenopus Trim33, which they called ectodermin, functioned as a ubiquitin ligase. By ubiquitinating Smad4 (600993), ectodermin restricted the mesoderm-inducing activity of Tgf-beta (TGFB1; 190180), favored neural induction, and was essential for specification of the ectoderm germ layer in early Xenopus embryos. Depletion of ectodermin in several human cell lines inhibited cell proliferation, and this inhibition was dependent on expression of functional SMAD4. Dupont et al. (2005) concluded that ectodermin is a negative regulator of TGF-beta signaling during early embryonic development and cell proliferation. </p><p>Formation of transcription regulatory complexes by the association of SMAD4 with receptor-phosphorylated SMAD2 (601366) and SMAD3 (603109) is a central event in the canonical TGF-beta pathway. He et al. (2006) found that TIF1-gamma competed with SMAD4 for selective binding of receptor-phosphorylated SMAD2 and SMAD3 in human cells. Domain deletion experiments showed that the activated MH2 domains of SMAD2 and SMAD3 interacted directly with the middle region of TIF1-gamma. TGF-beta induced formation of endogenous SMAD2/3-TIF1-gamma and SMAD2/3-SMAD4 complexes in human and other mammalian hematopoietic, mesenchymal, and epithelial cells. In human CD34-positive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, where TGF-beta inhibits proliferation and stimulates erythroid differentiation, TIF1-gamma mediated the differentiation response, whereas SMAD4 mediated the antiproliferative response, with SMAD2 and SMAD3 participating in both responses. He et al. (2006) concluded that SMAD2/3-TIF1-gamma and SMAD2/3-SMAD4 function as complementary effector arms in the control of hematopoietic cell fate by the TGF-beta/SMAD pathway. </p><p>Ferri et al. (2015) found that Trim33 deficiency was associated with increased Ifnb1 (147640) mRNA levels and increased IFN-beta secretion during the late stages of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). The coiled-coil domain of Trim33 was required for Ifnb1 regulation, as Trim33 lacking the coiled-coil domain failed to restore Ifnb1 expression to normal in activated Trim33 -/- cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis revealed that Trim33 bound to a distal Ifnb1 gene regulatory element (ICE) in mouse macrophages. ICE functioned as a cis-acting transcriptional repressor element of Ifnb1 activation in macrophages. Binding of Trim33 and Pu.1 (165170) to ICE appeared to play an important role in repressing Ifnb1 transcription during the late phase of macrophage activation. ICE exhibited a promoter-like chromatin signature established early during myeloid differentiation. ICE interacted with the Ifnb1 proximal region in a constitutive and Trim33-independent manner, and this interaction was strengthened following LPS stimulation. Further investigation revealed that Trim33 regulated Ifnb1 expression by inhibiting Cbp (CREBBP; 600140)/p300 (EP300; 602700) recruitment, as enhanced CBP/p300 recruitment and activity at late times of activation were required for sustained Ifnb1 expression in Trim33 -/- BMDMs. The authors concluded that TRIM33 regulates IFNB1 expression at the late phase of macrophage activation by preventing recruitment of CBP/p300. </p><p>Using pooled short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screening of human RKO colorectal cancer cells, Shi et al. (2016) identified TRIM33 as a negative regulator of resistance to bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) protein inhibitors (BETi). Evaluation of TRIM33-knockdown RKO cells confirmed that TRIM33 promoted sensitivity to BET bromodomain inhibition. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that TRIM33 knockdown maintained MYC (190080) expression following BETi treatment, and TRIM33 associated with the MYC promoter in BETi-treated RKO cells. Further analysis found that the TGF-beta (TGFB1; 190180) signaling pathway also contributed to BETi resistance, as TRIM33 knockdown potentiated TGF-beta signaling, and inhibition of the TGF-beta pathway increased BETi sensitivity in TRIM33-knockdown RKO cells. </p><p>Tanaka et al. (2018) showed that conditional knockout of Trim33 in T cells of mice resulted in decreased Il17 (603149) and Ccr6 (601835) expression, but enhanced Il10 (124092) production, leading to protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Further examination revealed that Trim33 played a crucial role in differentiation of Th17 cells, but not inducible regulatory T (Treg) cells. Microarray and real-time RT-PCR analyses confirmed downregulation of Il17 and Ccr6 and upregulation of Il10 in the absence of Trim33. Il17 and Ccr6 downregulation was not due to enhanced Il10 expression, as Il10 blockade did not restore Il17 and Ccr6 expression in Trim33-knockout T cells. Genomewide analysis of Trim33-bound genes showed that Il17 and Il10 were collaboratively regulated by Trim33 and Ror-gamma (RORC; 602943) at the transcriptional level. Trim33 controlled Il17 and Il10 expression at the chromatin level through regulation of histone modifications. Smad2 was crucial for binding of Trim33 to Il17 and Il10 loci, and the Trim33/Smad2/Ror-gamma complex was necessary for optimal expression of Il17 and repression of Il10 in Th17 cells. Moreover, enhanced expression of Il10 in Trim33-knockout T cells was almost completely suppressed by deletion of Smad4, indicating that Trim33 suppresses Il10 expression by reduction of Smad4 protein in T cells. The authors concluded that TRIM33 promotes the proinflammatory function of Th17 cells by inducing IL17 and suppressing IL10 expression. </p>
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<h4>
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<strong>Cytogenetics</strong>
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<p>The predominant molecular lesions in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC; see 188550), which were particularly prevalent after the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident, are rearrangements of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase (164761). Klugbauer and Rabes (1999) identified 2 novel types of RET rearrangements, which they termed PTC6 and PTC7. In PTC6, RET is fused to the N-terminal part of TIF1A, and in PTC7, RET is fused to a C-terminal part of TIF1G, which the authors termed RFG7. </p>
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<strong>Animal Model</strong>
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<p>Ferri et al. (2015) found that Trim33 -/- mice were healthy with no developmental abnormalities. </p><p>Tanaka et al. (2018) showed that conditional knockout of Trim33 in T cells of mice resulted in decreased Il17 and Ccr6 expression, but enhanced Il10 (124092) production, leading to protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. </p>
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<h4>
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<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
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Dupont, S., Zacchigna, L., Cordenonsi, M., Soligo, S., Adorno, M., Rugge, M., Piccolo, S.
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<strong>Germ-layer specification and control of cell growth by ectodermin, a Smad4 ubiquitin ligase.</strong>
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Cell 121: 87-99, 2005.
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[PubMed: 15820681]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2005.01.033]
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Ferri, F., Parcelier, A., Petit, V., Gallouet, A.-S., Lewandowski, D., Dalloz, M., van den Heuvel, A., Kolovos, P., Soler, E., Squadrito, M. L., De Palma, M., Davidson, I., Rousselet, G., Romeo, P.-H.
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<strong>TRIM33 switches off Ifnb1 gene transcription during the late phase of macrophage activation.</strong>
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Nature Commun. 6: 8900, 2015. Note: Electronic Article.
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[PubMed: 26592194]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9900]
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He, W., Dorn, D. C., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Tempst, P., Moore, M. A. S., Massague, J.
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<strong>Hematopoiesis controlled by distinct TIF1-gamma and Smad4 branches of the TGF-beta pathway.</strong>
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Cell 125: 929-941, 2006.
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[PubMed: 16751102]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.045]
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</p>
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Klugbauer, S., Rabes, H. M.
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<strong>The transcription coactivator HTIF1 and a related protein are fused to the RET receptor tyrosine kinase in childhood papillary thyroid carcinomas.</strong>
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Oncogene 18: 4388-4393, 1999.
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[PubMed: 10439047]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1202824]
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Shi, X., Mihaylova, V. T., Kuruvilla, L., Chen, F., Viviano, S., Baldassarre, M., Sperandio, D., Martinez, R., Yue, P., Bates, J. G., Breckenridge, D. G., Schlessinger, J., Turk, B. E., Calderwood, D. A.
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<strong>Loss of TRIM33 causes resistance to BET bromodomain inhibitors through MYC- and TGF-beta-dependent mechanisms.</strong>
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Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 113: E4558-E4566, 2016.
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[PubMed: 27432991]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608319113]
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Tanaka, S., Jiang, Y., Martinez, G. J., Tanaka, K., Yan, X., Kurosaki, T., Kaartinen, V., Feng, X.-H., Tian, Q., Wang, X., Dong, C.
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<strong>Trim33 mediates the proinflammatory function of Th17 cells.</strong>
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J. Exp. Med. 215: 1853-1868, 2018.
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[PubMed: 29930104]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20170779]
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Venturini, L., You, J., Stadler, M., Galien, R., Lallemand, V., Koken, M. H. M., Mattei, M. G., Ganser, A., Chambon, P., Losson, R., de The, H.
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<strong>TIF1-gamma, a novel member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 family.</strong>
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Oncogene 18: 1209-1217, 1999.
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[PubMed: 10022127]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1202655]
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Matthew B. Gross - updated : 10/25/2018<br>Bao Lige - updated : 10/25/2018<br>Patricia A. Hartz - updated : 9/15/2010<br>Matthew B. Gross - updated : 4/12/2010
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<div class="modal-footer">
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<button type="button" id="mimDonationPopupDonate" class="btn btn-success btn-block" data-dismiss="modal"> Donate To OMIM! </button>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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