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Entry
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- #300894 - NEURODEGENERATION WITH BRAIN IRON ACCUMULATION 5; NBIA5
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- OMIM
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<p>
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<span class="h4">#300894</span>
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<br />
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<strong>Table of Contents</strong>
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<a href="#title"><strong>Title</strong></a>
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<a href="#phenotypeMap"><strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong></a>
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<li role="presentation">
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<a href="/clinicalSynopsis/300894"><strong>Clinical Synopsis</strong></a>
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<a href="/phenotypicSeries/PS234200"> <strong>Phenotypic Series</strong> </a>
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<a href="#text"><strong>Text</strong></a>
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<a href="#description">Description</a>
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<a href="#clinicalFeatures">Clinical Features</a>
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<a href="#inheritance">Inheritance</a>
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<a href="#molecularGenetics">Molecular Genetics</a>
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<a href="#nomenclature">Nomenclature</a>
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<a href="#references"><strong>References</strong></a>
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<li role="presentation">
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<a href="#creationDate"><strong>Creation Date</strong></a>
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<li role="presentation">
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<a href="#editHistory"><strong>Edit History</strong></a>
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<div style="display: table-cell;">External Links</div>
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<div><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=NEURODEGENERATION WITH BRAIN IRON ACCUMULATION" class="mim-tip-hint" title="A registry of federally and privately supported clinical trials conducted in the United States and around the world." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Clinical Trials', 'domain': 'clinicaltrials.gov'})">Clinical Trials</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/ClinicalLabs_Search_Simple.php?lng=EN&LnkId=21922&Typ=Pat" class="mim-tip-hint" title="A list of European laboratories that offer genetic testing." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'EuroGentest', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">EuroGentest</a></div>
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<div><a href="#mimGeneReviewsFold" id="mimGeneReviewsToggle" data-toggle="collapse" class="mim-tip-hint mimTriangleToggle" title="Expert-authored, peer-reviewed descriptions of inherited disorders including the uses of genetic testing in diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling."><span id="mimGeneReviewsToggleTriangle" class="small" style="margin-left: -0.8em;">►</span>Gene Reviews</div>
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<div id="mimGeneReviewsFold" class="collapse">
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<div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK121988/" title="Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation Disorders Overview" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Gene Reviews', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">Neurodegeneration with Bra…</a></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK424403/" title="Beta-Propeller Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Gene Reviews', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">Beta-Propeller Protein-Ass…</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/beta-propeller-protein-associated-neurodegeneration" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Consumer-friendly information about the effects of genetic variation on human health." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MedlinePlus Genetics', 'domain': 'medlineplus.gov'})">MedlinePlus Genetics</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/all/tests/?term=300894[mim]" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Genetic Testing Registry." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'GTR', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">GTR</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=329284" class="mim-tip-hint" title="European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'OrphaNet', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">OrphaNet</a></div>
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<div style="display: table-row">
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<div style="display: table-cell;">Animal Models</div>
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</span>
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<div class="panel-body small mim-panel-body">
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<div><a href="https://www.alliancegenome.org/disease/DOID:0110739" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Search Across Species; explore model organism and human comparative genomics." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Alliance Genome', 'domain': 'alliancegenome.org'})">Alliance Genome</a></div>
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<div><a href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/disease/300894" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Phenotypes, alleles, and disease models from Mouse Genome Informatics." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MGI Mouse Phenotype', 'domain': 'informatics.jax.org'})">MGI Mouse Phenotype</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://wormbase.org/resources/disease/DOID:0110739" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Database of the biology and genome of Caenorhabditis elegans and related nematodes." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Wormbase Disease Ontology', 'domain': 'wormbase.org'})">Wormbase Disease Ontology</a></div>
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<span class="mim-tip-bottom" qtip_title="<strong>Looking for this gene or this phenotype in other resources?</strong>" qtip_text="Select a related resource from the dropdown menu and click for a targeted link to information directly relevant.">
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<a id="title" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<a id="number" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div class="text-right">
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<a href="#" class="mim-tip-icd" qtip_title="<strong>ICD+</strong>" qtip_text="
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<strong>SNOMEDCT:</strong> 732959007<br />
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<strong>ORPHA:</strong> 329284<br />
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<strong>DO:</strong> 0110739<br />
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">ICD+</a>
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<span class="h3">
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<span class="mim-font mim-tip-hint" title="Phenotype description, molecular basis known">
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<span class="text-danger"><strong>#</strong></span>
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300894
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</span>
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</span>
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<a id="preferredTitle" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h3>
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<span class="mim-font">
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NEURODEGENERATION WITH BRAIN IRON ACCUMULATION 5; NBIA5
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</h3>
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</div>
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<div>
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<br />
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<a id="alternativeTitles" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<p>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<em>Alternative titles; symbols</em>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div>
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<h4>
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<span class="mim-font">
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BETA-PROPELLER PROTEIN-ASSOCIATED NEURODEGENERATION; BPAN<br />
|
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STATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY OF CHILDHOOD WITH NEURODEGENERATION IN ADULTHOOD; SENDA
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</span>
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</h4>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<br />
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<a id="phenotypeMap" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h4>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong>
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</span>
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</h4>
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<div>
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<table class="table table-bordered table-condensed table-hover small mim-table-padding">
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<thead>
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<tr class="active">
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<th>
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Location
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</th>
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<th>
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Phenotype
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</th>
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<th>
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Phenotype <br /> MIM number
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</th>
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<th>
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Inheritance
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</th>
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<th>
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Phenotype <br /> mapping key
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</th>
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<th>
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Gene/Locus
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</th>
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<th>
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Gene/Locus <br /> MIM number
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<tbody>
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<td>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<a href="/geneMap/X/270?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=270">
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Xp11.23
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</a>
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</span>
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</td>
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<td>
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<span class="mim-font">
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Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 5
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</span>
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<td>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<a href="/entry/300894"> 300894 </a>
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</span>
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</td>
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<td>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="X-linked dominant">XLD</abbr>
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</span>
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</td>
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<td>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
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</span>
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</td>
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<td>
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<span class="mim-font">
|
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WDR45
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</span>
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</td>
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<td>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<a href="/entry/300526"> 300526 </a>
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</span>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div class="btn-group ">
|
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<a href="/clinicalSynopsis/300894" class="btn btn-warning" role="button"> Clinical Synopsis </a>
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<button type="button" id="mimPhenotypicSeriesToggle" class="btn btn-warning dropdown-toggle mimSingletonFoldToggle" data-toggle="collapse" href="#mimClinicalSynopsisFold" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Unfurl', 'ClinicalSynopsis', 'omim.org')">
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<span class="caret"></span>
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<span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span>
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</button>
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</div>
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<div class="btn-group">
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<a href="/phenotypicSeries/PS234200" class="btn btn-info" role="button"> Phenotypic Series </a>
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<button type="button" id="mimPhenotypicSeriesToggle" class="btn btn-info dropdown-toggle mimSingletonFoldToggle" data-toggle="collapse" href="#mimPhenotypicSeriesFold" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Unfurl', 'PhenotypicSeries', 'omim.org')">
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<span class="caret"></span>
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<span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span>
|
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</button>
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</div>
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<div class="btn-group">
|
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<button type="button" class="btn btn-success dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
PheneGene Graphics <span class="caret"></span>
|
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</button>
|
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<ul class="dropdown-menu" style="width: 17em;">
|
|
<li><a href="/graph/linear/300894" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_graph', {'destination': 'Linear'})"> Linear </a></li>
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<li><a href="/graph/radial/300894" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_graph', {'destination': 'Radial'})"> Radial </a></li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</div>
|
|
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign mim-tip-hint" title="OMIM PheneGene graphics depict relationships between phenotypes, groups of related phenotypes (Phenotypic Series), and genes.<br /><a href='/static/omim/pdf/OMIM_Graphics.pdf' target='_blank'>A quick reference overview and guide (PDF)</a>"></span>
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<div>
|
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<p />
|
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</div>
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<div id="mimClinicalSynopsisFold" class="well well-sm collapse mimSingletonToggleFold">
|
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<div class="small" style="margin: 5px">
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<div>
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<div>
|
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
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<strong> INHERITANCE </strong>
|
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</span>
|
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</div>
|
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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<div>
|
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<span class="mim-font">
|
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|
|
- X-linked dominant <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1847879&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1847879</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001423" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001423</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001423" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001423</a>]</span><br />
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</span>
|
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
|
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<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> HEAD & NECK </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
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<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Eyes </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Eye movement abnormalities <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/103252009" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">103252009</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0497202&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0497202</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000496" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000496</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000496" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000496</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Retinal nerve atrophy (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3550977&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3550977</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
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|
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</div>
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|
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</div>
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|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> NEUROLOGIC </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Central Nervous System </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Delayed psychomotor development <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/224958001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">224958001</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/F88" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">F88</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0557874&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0557874</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001263" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001263</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001263" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001263</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Mental retardation <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/228156007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">228156007</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/110359009" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">110359009</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/317-319.99" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">317-319.99</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3714756&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3714756</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0025362&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0025362</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001249" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001249</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001249" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001249</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Poor speech <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1848207&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1848207</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002465" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002465</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002465" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002465</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Lack of speech <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1854882&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1854882</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001344" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001344</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001344" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001344</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Parkinsonism <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/32798002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">32798002</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/G20.C" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">G20.C</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0242422&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0242422</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001300" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001300</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001300" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001300</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Rigidity <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/16046003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">16046003</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0700109&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0700109</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0026837&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0026837</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002063" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002063</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002063" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002063</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Bradykinesia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/399317006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">399317006</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0233565&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0233565</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002067" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002067</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002067" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002067</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Dystonia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/15802004" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">15802004</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/G24.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">G24.9</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/G24" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">G24</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0013421&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0013421</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0393593&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0393593</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001332" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001332</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001332" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001332</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Tremor <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/26079004" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">26079004</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/R25.1" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">R25.1</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0040822&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0040822</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001337" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001337</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001337" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001337</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Extrapyramidal signs <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/43378000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">43378000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0234133&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0234133</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002071" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002071</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002071" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002071</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Spastic paraparesis <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/312444006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">312444006</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0037771&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0037771</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002313" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002313</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002313" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002313</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Dementia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/52448006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">52448006</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/12348006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">12348006</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/F03.90" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">F03.90</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/F03" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">F03</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/290.1" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">290.1</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/294.2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">294.2</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/290" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">290</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0011265&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0011265</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0497327&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0497327</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000726" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000726</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000726" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000726</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Sleep disorders <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/39898005" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">39898005</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/G47" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">G47</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/G47.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">G47.9</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0851578&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0851578</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Seizures (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/91175000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">91175000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0036572&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0036572</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001250" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001250</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001250" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001250</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Frontal release signs <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1833297&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1833297</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000743" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000743</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000743" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000743</a>]</span><br /> -
|
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Dysautonomia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/15241006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">15241006</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/G90.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">G90.9</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/G90" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">G90</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/337" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">337</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/337.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">337.9</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1145628&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1145628</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0013363&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0013363</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0012332" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0012332</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0012332" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0012332</a>]</span><br /> -
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|
Iron deposition in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra seen on MRI <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3550974&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3550974</a>]</span><br /> -
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T1-weighted hyperintensity surrounding a central band of hypointensity in the substantia nigra <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3550975&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3550975</a>]</span><br /> -
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Cerebral atrophy <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/278849000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">278849000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0235946&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0235946</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002059" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002059</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002059" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002059</a>]</span><br /> -
|
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Cerebellar atrophy <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0740279&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0740279</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001272" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001272</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001272" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001272</a>]</span><br />
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div>
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
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<em> Behavioral Psychiatric Manifestations </em>
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</span>
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</div>
|
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
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<span class="mim-font">
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- Aggressive behavior (in some patients) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/61372001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">61372001</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0001807&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0001807</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0006919" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0006919</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000718" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000718</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000718" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000718</a>]</span><br />
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div>
|
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
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<strong> MISCELLANEOUS </strong>
|
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</span>
|
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</div>
|
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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<div>
|
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<span class="mim-font">
|
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|
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- De novo mutation <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C2985439&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C2985439</a>]</span><br /> -
|
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Onset in infancy or early childhood<br /> -
|
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Disorder is static for first 2 decades and then shows progression of movement disorders and further cognitive decline<br /> -
|
|
Affected males are somatic mosaic for mutations<br /> -
|
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Motor symptoms show mild clinical improvement with levodopa treatment<br /> -
|
|
Patients are severely disabled as adults<br />
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div>
|
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
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<strong> MOLECULAR BASIS </strong>
|
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</span>
|
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</div>
|
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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|
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<div>
|
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<span class="mim-font">
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|
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- Caused by mutation in the WD repeat-containing protein 45 gene (WDR45, <a href="/entry/300526#0001">300526.0001</a>)<br />
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="text-right">
|
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<a href="#mimClinicalSynopsisFold" data-toggle="collapse">▲ Close</a>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
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</div>
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<div id="mimPhenotypicSeriesFold" class="well well-sm collapse mimSingletonToggleFold">
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<div class="small">
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<div class="row">
|
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<div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12">
|
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<h5>
|
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Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation
|
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- <a href="/phenotypicSeries/PS234200">PS234200</a>
|
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- 10 Entries
|
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</h5>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
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<div class="row" style="margin-left: 0.125em; margin-right: 0.125em;">
|
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<table class="table table-bordered table-condensed table-hover mim-table-padding">
|
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<thead>
|
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<tr>
|
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<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
|
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<strong>Location</strong>
|
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</th>
|
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<th class="col-lg-5 col-md-5 col-sm-5 col-xs-6 text-nowrap">
|
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<strong>Phenotype</strong>
|
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</th>
|
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<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
|
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<strong>Inheritance</strong>
|
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</th>
|
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<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
|
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<strong>Phenotype<br />mapping key</strong>
|
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</th>
|
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<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
|
|
<strong>Phenotype<br />MIM number</strong>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
|
|
<strong>Gene/Locus</strong>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 text-nowrap">
|
|
<strong>Gene/Locus<br />MIM number</strong>
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
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</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
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<tr>
|
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<td>
|
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<span class="mim-font">
|
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|
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<a href="/geneMap/6/906?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=906"> 6q24.1 </a>
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|
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</span>
|
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</td>
|
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<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/617916"> ?Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 7 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
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</td>
|
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<td>
|
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<span class="mim-font">
|
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|
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<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
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|
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</span>
|
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</td>
|
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<td>
|
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<span class="mim-font">
|
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|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
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|
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</span>
|
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</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/617916"> 617916 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/614825"> REPS1 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/614825"> 614825 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/9/564?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=564"> 9q34.11 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/617917"> ?Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 8 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/617917"> 617917 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/600184"> CRAT </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/600184"> 600184 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<a href="/geneMap/11/468?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=468"> 11q12.3 </a>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/620669"> Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 9 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<a href="/entry/620669"> 620669 </a>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
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<a href="/entry/134770"> FTH1 </a>
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<a href="/entry/615643"> Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 6 </a>
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<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</abbr>, <abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
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<a href="/entry/134790"> 134790 </a>
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<a href="/entry/234200"> Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 1 </a>
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<a href="/entry/606157"> PANK2 </a>
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<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
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<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
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<a href="/entry/256600"> 256600 </a>
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<a href="/entry/603604"> PLA2G6 </a>
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<a href="/entry/603604"> 603604 </a>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<a href="/entry/610217"> Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 2B </a>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
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<a href="/entry/610217"> 610217 </a>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<a href="/entry/603604"> PLA2G6 </a>
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<a href="/entry/603604"> 603604 </a>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<a href="/entry/300894"> Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 5 </a>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="X-linked dominant">XLD</abbr>
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<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
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<a href="/entry/300894"> 300894 </a>
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<a href="/entry/300526"> WDR45 </a>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<a href="/entry/300526"> 300526 </a>
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<a href="#mimPhenotypicSeriesFold" data-toggle="collapse">▲ Close</a>
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<h4 href="#mimTextFold" id="mimTextToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
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<span class="mim-tip-floating" qtip_title="<strong>Looking For More References?</strong>" qtip_text="Click the 'reference plus' icon <span class='glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign'></span> at the end of each OMIM text paragraph to see more references related to the content of the preceding paragraph.">
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<strong>TEXT</strong>
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<p>A number sign (#) is used with this entry because neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation-5 (NBIA5) is caused by de novo heterozygous or hemizygous mutation in the WDR45 (<a href="/entry/300526">300526</a>) gene on chromosome Xp11.</p>
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<strong>Description</strong>
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<p>NBIA5, sometimes referred to as 'static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood (SENDA),' is an X-linked neurodegenerative disorder characterized by global developmental delay in early childhood that is essentially static, with slow motor and cognitive gains until adolescence or early adulthood. In young adulthood, affected individuals develop progressive dystonia, parkinsonism, extrapyramidal signs, and dementia resulting in severe disability. Brain MRI shows iron accumulation in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. A characteristic finding is T1-weighted hyperintensity surrounding a central band of hypointensity in the substantia nigra. Cerebral and cerebellar atrophy are also observed (summary by <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Haack, T. B., Hogarth, P., Kruer, M. C., Gregory, A., Wieland, T., Schwarzmayr, T., Graf, E., Sanford, L., Meyer, E., Kara, E., Cuno, S. M., Harik, S. I., and 21 others. <strong>Exome sequencing reveals de novo WDR45 mutations causing a phenotypically distinct, X-linked dominant form of NBIA.</strong> Am. J. Hum. Genet. 91: 1144-1149, 2012.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23176820/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23176820</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23176820[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.019" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="23176820">Haack et al., 2012</a> and <a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Saitsu, H., Nishimura, T., Muramatsu, K., Kodera, H., Kumada, S., Sugai, K., Kasai-Yoshida, E., Sawaura, N., Nishida, H., Hoshino, A., Ryujin, F., Yoshioka, S., and 9 others. <strong>De novo mutations in the autophagy gene WDR45 cause static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood.</strong> Nature Genet. 45: 445-449, 2013.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23435086/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23435086</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2562" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="23435086">Saitsu et al., 2013</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=23435086+23176820" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of NBIA, see NBIA1 (<a href="/entry/234200">234200</a>).</p>
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<p>In a review of the clinical and genetic features of various forms of NBIA, <a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Gregory, A., Polster, B. J., Hayflick, S. J. <strong>Clinical and genetic delineation of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation.</strong> J. Med. Genet. 46: 73-80, 2009.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18981035/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">18981035</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=18981035[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2008.061929" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="18981035">Gregory et al. (2009)</a> identified a group of 7 patients with a distinctive form of idiopathic NBIA in whom no mutations had been found. These individuals had global developmental delay or frank mental retardation in infancy or early childhood, which remained static for at least 2 decades. Then, during their late twenties to thirties, they developed parkinsonism followed by rapid progression with dystonia, dysarthria, spastic paraparesis, and loss of ambulation. Many responded well to levodopa therapy. Neuroimaging showed abnormal iron accumulation in the substantia nigra in addition to the globus pallidus. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=18981035" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p>In reviews of NBIA, <a href="#7" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Schneider, S. A., Bhatia, K. P. <strong>Syndromes of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation.</strong> Semin. Pediat. Neurol. 19: 57-66, 2012.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22704258/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">22704258</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2012.03.005" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="22704258">Schneider and Bhatia (2012)</a> and <a href="#6" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Schneider, S. A., Bhatia, K. P. <strong>Excess iron harms the brain: the syndromes of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA).</strong> J. Neural Transm. 120: 695-703, 2013.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23212724/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23212724</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-012-0922-8" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="23212724">Schneider and Bhatia (2013)</a> stated that SENDA is characterized by early-onset mental retardation and spastic paraplegia that remains static until the twenties or thirties when it progresses to parkinsonism and dystonia. Variable features include eye movement abnormalities, sleep disorders, frontal release signs, and dysautonomia. Brain MRI shows brain iron accumulation in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=23212724+22704258" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Kimura, Y., Sato, N., Sugai, K., Maruyama, S., Ota, M., Kamiya, K., Ito, K., Nakata, Y., Sasaki, M., Sugimoto, H. <strong>MRI, MR spectroscopy, and diffusion tensor imaging findings in patient with static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood (SENDA).</strong> Brain Dev. 35: 458-461, 2013.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22892189/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">22892189</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2012.07.008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="22892189">Kimura et al. (2013)</a> reported a 39-year-old Japanese woman with SENDA. She had psychomotor retardation since childhood that remained nonprogressive until age 30 when she developed severe dystonia and gait disturbance, resulting in her being bedridden within 3 years. Brain MRI at age 33 years showed marked hypointensity in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra on T2-weighted imaging, consistent with iron deposition. T1-weighted imaging showed hyperintensity of the substantia nigra with a central band of hypointensity. Mild cerebral and cerebellar atrophy was also present. Treatment with levodopa resulted in mild clinical improvement. Reexamination at age 39 years showed clinical progression and progression of the lesions on brain imaging. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed increased N-acetylaspartate in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, suggesting neuronal loss in these regions. Increased myoinositol suggested gliosis. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22892189" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Saitsu, H., Nishimura, T., Muramatsu, K., Kodera, H., Kumada, S., Sugai, K., Kasai-Yoshida, E., Sawaura, N., Nishida, H., Hoshino, A., Ryujin, F., Yoshioka, S., and 9 others. <strong>De novo mutations in the autophagy gene WDR45 cause static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood.</strong> Nature Genet. 45: 445-449, 2013.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23435086/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23435086</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2562" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="23435086">Saitsu et al. (2013)</a> reported 5 unrelated women with NBIA5, including the patient reported by <a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Kimura, Y., Sato, N., Sugai, K., Maruyama, S., Ota, M., Kamiya, K., Ito, K., Nakata, Y., Sasaki, M., Sugimoto, H. <strong>MRI, MR spectroscopy, and diffusion tensor imaging findings in patient with static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood (SENDA).</strong> Brain Dev. 35: 458-461, 2013.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22892189/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">22892189</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2012.07.008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="22892189">Kimura et al. (2013)</a>. The patients ranged in age from 28 to 51 years, and all showed a similar disease course with delayed psychomotor development in infancy or early childhood, very poor or no speech development, and nonprogressive cognitive dysfunction in childhood. More variable features early in life included seizures, broad-based gait, hand flapping, and spasticity. The phenotype was stable in each until the early twenties or thirties when the patients developed parkinsonism, rigidity, tremor, further cognitive decline, dystonia, and dysphagia. All became bedridden or wheelchair-dependent and fully dependent for all activities of daily living, and some showed aggressive behavior. Brain MRI as young adults showed iron deposition in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, with a characteristic hyperintensity of the substantia nigra with a central band of hypointensity on T1-weighted images. Cerebral and cerebellar atrophy were also apparent. Two patients had atrophy of the retinal nerve. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=23435086+22892189" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><strong><em>Neuroradiologic Findings</em></strong></p><p>
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In a review of the neuroradiologic findings of various forms of NBIA, <a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Kruer, M. C., Boddaert, N., Schneider, S. A., Houlden, H., Bhatia, K. P., Gregory, A., Anderson, J. C., Rooney, W. D., Hogarth, P., Hayflick, S. J. <strong>Neuroimaging features of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation.</strong> Am. J. Neuroradiol. 33: 407-414, 2012.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21920862/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">21920862</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2677" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="21920862">Kruer et al. (2012)</a> noted that SENDA is characterized by iron deposition in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, as well as T1 hyperintensity of the substantia nigra with a central band of T1 hypointensity. Significant cerebral and milder cerebellar atrophy also occur. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=21920862" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p>NBIA5 does not follow a pattern of inheritance typical of an X-linked disorder, although molecular analysis has shown it to be X-linked dominant. <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Haack, T. B., Hogarth, P., Kruer, M. C., Gregory, A., Wieland, T., Schwarzmayr, T., Graf, E., Sanford, L., Meyer, E., Kara, E., Cuno, S. M., Harik, S. I., and 21 others. <strong>Exome sequencing reveals de novo WDR45 mutations causing a phenotypically distinct, X-linked dominant form of NBIA.</strong> Am. J. Hum. Genet. 91: 1144-1149, 2012.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23176820/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23176820</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23176820[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.019" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="23176820">Haack et al. (2012)</a> reported 17 affected females and 3 affected males who exhibited a homogeneous phenotype. Since WDR45 is on the X chromosome, <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Haack, T. B., Hogarth, P., Kruer, M. C., Gregory, A., Wieland, T., Schwarzmayr, T., Graf, E., Sanford, L., Meyer, E., Kara, E., Cuno, S. M., Harik, S. I., and 21 others. <strong>Exome sequencing reveals de novo WDR45 mutations causing a phenotypically distinct, X-linked dominant form of NBIA.</strong> Am. J. Hum. Genet. 91: 1144-1149, 2012.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23176820/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23176820</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23176820[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.019" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="23176820">Haack et al. (2012)</a> concluded that the males must be somatic mosaic for the mutation, which was demonstrated in 1 affected male. Presumably, males with germline WDR45 mutations are nonviable. Females may either harbor germline or somatic mutations, and several affected females had evidence of skewed X-inactivation. All of these factors may contribute to disease manifestations. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23176820" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p>In 20 unrelated patients with neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation-5, <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Haack, T. B., Hogarth, P., Kruer, M. C., Gregory, A., Wieland, T., Schwarzmayr, T., Graf, E., Sanford, L., Meyer, E., Kara, E., Cuno, S. M., Harik, S. I., and 21 others. <strong>Exome sequencing reveals de novo WDR45 mutations causing a phenotypically distinct, X-linked dominant form of NBIA.</strong> Am. J. Hum. Genet. 91: 1144-1149, 2012.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23176820/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23176820</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23176820[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.019" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="23176820">Haack et al. (2012)</a> identified 19 different hemizygous or heterozygous de novo mutations in the WDR45 gene (see, e.g., <a href="/entry/300526#0001">300526.0001</a>-<a href="/entry/300526#0002">300526.0002</a>). Most of the mutations were truncating, but 2 were missense mutations affecting highly conserved residues. The mutations were located throughout the coding sequence. Initial mutations were identified by exome sequencing and all were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. There were 17 females and 3 males. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23176820" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Saitsu, H., Nishimura, T., Muramatsu, K., Kodera, H., Kumada, S., Sugai, K., Kasai-Yoshida, E., Sawaura, N., Nishida, H., Hoshino, A., Ryujin, F., Yoshioka, S., and 9 others. <strong>De novo mutations in the autophagy gene WDR45 cause static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood.</strong> Nature Genet. 45: 445-449, 2013.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23435086/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23435086</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2562" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="23435086">Saitsu et al. (2013)</a> identified 5 different de novo heterozygous truncating mutations in the WDR45 gene (see, e.g., <a href="/entry/300526#0003">300526.0003</a>-<a href="/entry/300526#0005">300526.0005</a>) in 5 unrelated women with NBIA5. The initial mutations were identified by exome sequencing of 2 patients. Lymphoblastoid cells from 4 of the patients showed exclusive expression of the mutant transcript, suggesting X inactivation of the wildtype allele. All patient cells showed decreased levels of the mutant proteins, suggesting protein instability. Patient cells showed impaired autophagic flux. Immunofluorescence studies showed the accumulation of autophagic structures in patient cells, consistent with improper autophagosome formation. The findings suggested that impairment of autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of this neurodegenerative disorder. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23435086" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p><a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Haack, T. B., Hogarth, P., Kruer, M. C., Gregory, A., Wieland, T., Schwarzmayr, T., Graf, E., Sanford, L., Meyer, E., Kara, E., Cuno, S. M., Harik, S. I., and 21 others. <strong>Exome sequencing reveals de novo WDR45 mutations causing a phenotypically distinct, X-linked dominant form of NBIA.</strong> Am. J. Hum. Genet. 91: 1144-1149, 2012.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23176820/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23176820</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23176820[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.019" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="23176820">Haack et al. (2012)</a> recommended that the term 'SENDA' not be used for this disorder, and proposed the term 'beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN).' The disorder caused by WDR45 mutation is here designated 'neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation-5 (NBIA5).' <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23176820" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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Gregory, A., Polster, B. J., Hayflick, S. J.
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<strong>Clinical and genetic delineation of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation.</strong>
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J. Med. Genet. 46: 73-80, 2009.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18981035/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">18981035</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=18981035[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=18981035" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2008.061929" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Haack, T. B., Hogarth, P., Kruer, M. C., Gregory, A., Wieland, T., Schwarzmayr, T., Graf, E., Sanford, L., Meyer, E., Kara, E., Cuno, S. M., Harik, S. I., and 21 others.
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Am. J. Hum. Genet. 91: 1144-1149, 2012.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23176820/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23176820</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23176820[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23176820" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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Kimura, Y., Sato, N., Sugai, K., Maruyama, S., Ota, M., Kamiya, K., Ito, K., Nakata, Y., Sasaki, M., Sugimoto, H.
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<strong>MRI, MR spectroscopy, and diffusion tensor imaging findings in patient with static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood (SENDA).</strong>
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Brain Dev. 35: 458-461, 2013.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22892189/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">22892189</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22892189" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2012.07.008" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Kruer, M. C., Boddaert, N., Schneider, S. A., Houlden, H., Bhatia, K. P., Gregory, A., Anderson, J. C., Rooney, W. D., Hogarth, P., Hayflick, S. J.
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<strong>Neuroimaging features of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation.</strong>
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Am. J. Neuroradiol. 33: 407-414, 2012.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21920862/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">21920862</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=21920862" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2677" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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<a id="Saitsu2013" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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Saitsu, H., Nishimura, T., Muramatsu, K., Kodera, H., Kumada, S., Sugai, K., Kasai-Yoshida, E., Sawaura, N., Nishida, H., Hoshino, A., Ryujin, F., Yoshioka, S., and 9 others.
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<strong>De novo mutations in the autophagy gene WDR45 cause static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood.</strong>
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Nature Genet. 45: 445-449, 2013.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23435086/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23435086</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23435086" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2562" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Schneider, S. A., Bhatia, K. P.
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<strong>Excess iron harms the brain: the syndromes of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA).</strong>
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J. Neural Transm. 120: 695-703, 2013.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23212724/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23212724</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23212724" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-012-0922-8" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Schneider, S. A., Bhatia, K. P.
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<strong>Syndromes of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation.</strong>
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Semin. Pediat. Neurol. 19: 57-66, 2012.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22704258/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">22704258</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22704258" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2012.03.005" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Cassandra L. Kniffin : 4/15/2013
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carol : 04/16/2013
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ckniffin : 4/15/2013
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<strong>#</strong> 300894
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NEURODEGENERATION WITH BRAIN IRON ACCUMULATION 5; NBIA5
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BETA-PROPELLER PROTEIN-ASSOCIATED NEURODEGENERATION; BPAN<br />
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STATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY OF CHILDHOOD WITH NEURODEGENERATION IN ADULTHOOD; SENDA
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<strong>SNOMEDCT:</strong> 732959007;
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<strong>ORPHA:</strong> 329284;
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<strong>DO:</strong> 0110739;
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Phenotype
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Xp11.23
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Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 5
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300894
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X-linked dominant
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3
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WDR45
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300526
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<p>A number sign (#) is used with this entry because neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation-5 (NBIA5) is caused by de novo heterozygous or hemizygous mutation in the WDR45 (300526) gene on chromosome Xp11.</p>
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<p>NBIA5, sometimes referred to as 'static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood (SENDA),' is an X-linked neurodegenerative disorder characterized by global developmental delay in early childhood that is essentially static, with slow motor and cognitive gains until adolescence or early adulthood. In young adulthood, affected individuals develop progressive dystonia, parkinsonism, extrapyramidal signs, and dementia resulting in severe disability. Brain MRI shows iron accumulation in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. A characteristic finding is T1-weighted hyperintensity surrounding a central band of hypointensity in the substantia nigra. Cerebral and cerebellar atrophy are also observed (summary by Haack et al., 2012 and Saitsu et al., 2013). </p><p>For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of NBIA, see NBIA1 (234200).</p>
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<p>In a review of the clinical and genetic features of various forms of NBIA, Gregory et al. (2009) identified a group of 7 patients with a distinctive form of idiopathic NBIA in whom no mutations had been found. These individuals had global developmental delay or frank mental retardation in infancy or early childhood, which remained static for at least 2 decades. Then, during their late twenties to thirties, they developed parkinsonism followed by rapid progression with dystonia, dysarthria, spastic paraparesis, and loss of ambulation. Many responded well to levodopa therapy. Neuroimaging showed abnormal iron accumulation in the substantia nigra in addition to the globus pallidus. </p><p>In reviews of NBIA, Schneider and Bhatia (2012) and Schneider and Bhatia (2013) stated that SENDA is characterized by early-onset mental retardation and spastic paraplegia that remains static until the twenties or thirties when it progresses to parkinsonism and dystonia. Variable features include eye movement abnormalities, sleep disorders, frontal release signs, and dysautonomia. Brain MRI shows brain iron accumulation in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. </p><p>Kimura et al. (2013) reported a 39-year-old Japanese woman with SENDA. She had psychomotor retardation since childhood that remained nonprogressive until age 30 when she developed severe dystonia and gait disturbance, resulting in her being bedridden within 3 years. Brain MRI at age 33 years showed marked hypointensity in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra on T2-weighted imaging, consistent with iron deposition. T1-weighted imaging showed hyperintensity of the substantia nigra with a central band of hypointensity. Mild cerebral and cerebellar atrophy was also present. Treatment with levodopa resulted in mild clinical improvement. Reexamination at age 39 years showed clinical progression and progression of the lesions on brain imaging. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed increased N-acetylaspartate in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, suggesting neuronal loss in these regions. Increased myoinositol suggested gliosis. </p><p>Saitsu et al. (2013) reported 5 unrelated women with NBIA5, including the patient reported by Kimura et al. (2013). The patients ranged in age from 28 to 51 years, and all showed a similar disease course with delayed psychomotor development in infancy or early childhood, very poor or no speech development, and nonprogressive cognitive dysfunction in childhood. More variable features early in life included seizures, broad-based gait, hand flapping, and spasticity. The phenotype was stable in each until the early twenties or thirties when the patients developed parkinsonism, rigidity, tremor, further cognitive decline, dystonia, and dysphagia. All became bedridden or wheelchair-dependent and fully dependent for all activities of daily living, and some showed aggressive behavior. Brain MRI as young adults showed iron deposition in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, with a characteristic hyperintensity of the substantia nigra with a central band of hypointensity on T1-weighted images. Cerebral and cerebellar atrophy were also apparent. Two patients had atrophy of the retinal nerve. </p><p><strong><em>Neuroradiologic Findings</em></strong></p><p>
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In a review of the neuroradiologic findings of various forms of NBIA, Kruer et al. (2012) noted that SENDA is characterized by iron deposition in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, as well as T1 hyperintensity of the substantia nigra with a central band of T1 hypointensity. Significant cerebral and milder cerebellar atrophy also occur. </p>
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<strong>Inheritance</strong>
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<p>NBIA5 does not follow a pattern of inheritance typical of an X-linked disorder, although molecular analysis has shown it to be X-linked dominant. Haack et al. (2012) reported 17 affected females and 3 affected males who exhibited a homogeneous phenotype. Since WDR45 is on the X chromosome, Haack et al. (2012) concluded that the males must be somatic mosaic for the mutation, which was demonstrated in 1 affected male. Presumably, males with germline WDR45 mutations are nonviable. Females may either harbor germline or somatic mutations, and several affected females had evidence of skewed X-inactivation. All of these factors may contribute to disease manifestations. </p>
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<strong>Molecular Genetics</strong>
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<p>In 20 unrelated patients with neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation-5, Haack et al. (2012) identified 19 different hemizygous or heterozygous de novo mutations in the WDR45 gene (see, e.g., 300526.0001-300526.0002). Most of the mutations were truncating, but 2 were missense mutations affecting highly conserved residues. The mutations were located throughout the coding sequence. Initial mutations were identified by exome sequencing and all were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. There were 17 females and 3 males. </p><p>Saitsu et al. (2013) identified 5 different de novo heterozygous truncating mutations in the WDR45 gene (see, e.g., 300526.0003-300526.0005) in 5 unrelated women with NBIA5. The initial mutations were identified by exome sequencing of 2 patients. Lymphoblastoid cells from 4 of the patients showed exclusive expression of the mutant transcript, suggesting X inactivation of the wildtype allele. All patient cells showed decreased levels of the mutant proteins, suggesting protein instability. Patient cells showed impaired autophagic flux. Immunofluorescence studies showed the accumulation of autophagic structures in patient cells, consistent with improper autophagosome formation. The findings suggested that impairment of autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of this neurodegenerative disorder. </p>
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<strong>Nomenclature</strong>
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<span class="mim-text-font">
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<p>Haack et al. (2012) recommended that the term 'SENDA' not be used for this disorder, and proposed the term 'beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN).' The disorder caused by WDR45 mutation is here designated 'neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation-5 (NBIA5).' </p>
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<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
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Gregory, A., Polster, B. J., Hayflick, S. J.
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<strong>Clinical and genetic delineation of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation.</strong>
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Haack, T. B., Hogarth, P., Kruer, M. C., Gregory, A., Wieland, T., Schwarzmayr, T., Graf, E., Sanford, L., Meyer, E., Kara, E., Cuno, S. M., Harik, S. I., and 21 others.
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<strong>Exome sequencing reveals de novo WDR45 mutations causing a phenotypically distinct, X-linked dominant form of NBIA.</strong>
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Kimura, Y., Sato, N., Sugai, K., Maruyama, S., Ota, M., Kamiya, K., Ito, K., Nakata, Y., Sasaki, M., Sugimoto, H.
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Kruer, M. C., Boddaert, N., Schneider, S. A., Houlden, H., Bhatia, K. P., Gregory, A., Anderson, J. C., Rooney, W. D., Hogarth, P., Hayflick, S. J.
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Saitsu, H., Nishimura, T., Muramatsu, K., Kodera, H., Kumada, S., Sugai, K., Kasai-Yoshida, E., Sawaura, N., Nishida, H., Hoshino, A., Ryujin, F., Yoshioka, S., and 9 others.
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<strong>De novo mutations in the autophagy gene WDR45 cause static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood.</strong>
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Schneider, S. A., Bhatia, K. P.
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<strong>Syndromes of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation.</strong>
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