nih-gov/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/300151

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<title>
Entry
- *300151 - SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 25 (MITOCHONDRIAL CARRIER, ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCATOR), MEMBER A6; SLC25A6
- OMIM
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<span class="h4">*300151</span>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/113463,339723,3659879,9956039,13938331,14043791,14250567,14286274,15928608,21594693,48146917,62089230,119619086,156071462,189065418,308219930" class="mim-tip-hint" title="NCBI protein data." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'NCBI Protein', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">NCBI Protein</a></div>
<div><a href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P12236" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Comprehensive protein sequence and functional information, including supporting data." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'UniProt', 'domain': 'uniprot.org'})">UniProt</a></div>
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<div id="mimGeneInfoLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5; display: table-cell;">&#9658;</div>
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<div><a href="http://biogps.org/#goto=genereport&id=293" class="mim-tip-hint" title="The Gene Portal Hub; customizable portal of gene and protein function information." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'BioGPS', 'domain': 'biogps.org'})">BioGPS</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=SLC25A6" class="mim-tip-hint" title="The Human Genome Compendium; web-based cards integrating automatically mined information on human genes." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'GeneCards', 'domain': 'genecards.org'})">GeneCards</a></div>
<div><a href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/search/annotation?q=SLC25A6" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Terms, defined using controlled vocabulary, representing gene product properties (biologic process, cellular component, molecular function) across species." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'GeneOntology', 'domain': 'amigo.geneontology.org'})">Gene Ontology</a></div>
<div><a href="https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa+293" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; diagrams of signaling pathways." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'KEGG', 'domain': 'genome.jp'})">KEGG</a></div>
<dd><a href="http://v1.marrvel.org/search/gene/SLC25A6" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Model organism Aggregated Resources for Rare Variant ExpLoration." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MARRVEL', 'domain': 'marrvel.org'})">MARRVEL</a></dd>
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<div><a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGene?db=hg38&hgg_chrom=chrX&hgg_gene=ENST00000711214.1&hgg_start=1386152&hgg_end=1392113&hgg_type=knownGene" class="mim-tip-hint" title="UCSC Genome Bioinformatics; gene-specific structure and function information with links to other databases." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'UCSC', 'domain': 'genome.ucsc.edu'})">UCSC</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar?term=300151[MIM]" class="mim-tip-hint" title="ClinVar aggregates information about sequence variation and its relationship to human health." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'ClinVar', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">ClinVar</a></div>
<div><a href="https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/gene/ENSG00000169100" class="mim-tip-hint" title="The Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), Broad Institute." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'gnomAD', 'domain': 'gnomad.broadinstitute.org'})">gnomAD</a></div>
<div><a href="https://www.gwascentral.org/search?q=SLC25A6" class="mim-tip-hint" title="GWAS Central; summary level genotype-to-phenotype information from genetic association studies." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'GWAS Central', 'domain': 'gwascentral.org'})">GWAS Central&nbsp;</a></div>
<div><a href="https://evs.gs.washington.edu/EVS/PopStatsServlet?searchBy=Gene+Hugo&target=SLC25A6&upstreamSize=0&downstreamSize=0&x=0&y=0" class="mim-tip-hint" title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Exome Variant Server." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'NHLBI EVS', 'domain': 'evs.gs.washington.edu'})">NHLBI EVS</a></div>
<div><a href="https://www.pharmgkb.org/gene/PA35868" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base; curated and annotated information regarding the effects of human genetic variations on drug response." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PharmGKB', 'domain': 'pharmgkb.org'})">PharmGKB</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.alliancegenome.org/gene/HGNC:10992" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Search Across Species; explore model organism and human comparative genomics." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Alliance Genome', 'domain': 'alliancegenome.org'})">Alliance Genome</a></div>
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<div><a href="http://v1.marrvel.org/search/gene/SLC25A6#HomologGenesPanel" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Model organism Aggregated Resources for Rare Variant ExpLoration." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MARRVEL', 'domain': 'marrvel.org'})">MARRVEL</a></div>
<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/293/ortholog/" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Orthologous genes at NCBI." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'NCBI Orthologs', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">NCBI Orthologs</a></div>
<div><a href="https://www.orthodb.org/?ncbi=293" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Hierarchical catalogue of orthologs." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'OrthoDB', 'domain': 'orthodb.org'})">OrthoDB</a></div>
<div><a href="mim#WormbaseGeneFold" id="mimWormbaseGeneToggle" data-toggle="collapse" class="mim-tip-hint mimTriangleToggle" title="Database of the biology and genome of Caenorhabditis elegans and related nematodes."><span id="mimWormbaseGeneToggleTriangle" class="small" style="margin-left: -0.8em;">&#9658;</span>Wormbase Gene</div>
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<div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://wormbase.org/db/gene/gene?name=WBGene00006439;class=Gene" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Wormbase Gene', 'domain': 'wormbase.org'})">WBGene00006439&nbsp;</a></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://wormbase.org/db/gene/gene?name=WBGene00007057;class=Gene" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Wormbase Gene', 'domain': 'wormbase.org'})">WBGene00007057&nbsp;</a></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://wormbase.org/db/gene/gene?name=WBGene00010485;class=Gene" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Wormbase Gene', 'domain': 'wormbase.org'})">WBGene00010485&nbsp;</a></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://wormbase.org/db/gene/gene?name=WBGene00017770;class=Gene" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Wormbase Gene', 'domain': 'wormbase.org'})">WBGene00017770&nbsp;</a></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://wormbase.org/db/gene/gene?name=WBGene00020140;class=Gene" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Wormbase Gene', 'domain': 'wormbase.org'})">WBGene00020140&nbsp;</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://zfin.org/ZDB-GENE-070912-446" class="mim-tip-hint" title="The Zebrafish Model Organism Database." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'ZFin', 'domain': 'zfin.org'})">ZFin</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/get_linkdb?-t+pathway+hsa:293" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; diagrams of signaling pathways." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'KEGG', 'domain': 'genome.jp'})">KEGG</a></div>
<div><a href="https://reactome.org/content/query?q=SLC25A6&species=Homo+sapiens&types=Reaction&types=Pathway&cluster=true" class="definition" title="Protein-specific information in the context of relevant cellular pathways." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {{'name': 'Reactome', 'domain': 'reactome.org'}})">Reactome</a></div>
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<span class="mim-tip-bottom" qtip_title="<strong>Looking for this gene or this phenotype in other resources?</strong>" qtip_text="Select a related resource from the dropdown menu and click for a targeted link to information directly relevant.">
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<a id="title" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<a id="number" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<span class="h3">
<span class="mim-font mim-tip-hint" title="Gene description">
<span class="text-danger"><strong>*</strong></span>
300151
</span>
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<div>
<a id="preferredTitle" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<h3>
<span class="mim-font">
SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 25 (MITOCHONDRIAL CARRIER, ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCATOR), MEMBER A6; SLC25A6
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</h3>
</div>
<div>
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</div>
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<a id="alternativeTitles" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<span class="mim-font">
<em>Alternative titles; symbols</em>
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</p>
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<h4>
<span class="mim-font">
ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCATOR 3; ANT3<br />
ADP/ATP TRANSLOCATOR OF LIVER<br />
ADP/ATP TRANSLOCASE 3<br />
ADP/ATP CARRIER 3; AAC3
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</h4>
</div>
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<a id="approvedGeneSymbols" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<span class="mim-text-font">
<strong><em>HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: <a href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/genes?query=SLC25A6" class="mim-tip-hint" title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'HGNC', 'domain': 'genenames.org'})">SLC25A6</a></em></strong>
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<div>
<a id="cytogeneticLocation" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<p>
<span class="mim-text-font">
<strong>
<em>
Cytogenetic location: <a href="/geneMap/X/18?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=18">Xp22.33</a>
&nbsp;
Genomic coordinates <span class="small">(GRCh38)</span> : <a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&position=chrX:1386152-1392113&dgv=pack&knownGene=pack&omimGene=pack" class="mim-tip-hint" title="UCSC Genome Browser; reference sequences and working draft assemblies for a large collection of genomes." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'UCSC Genome Browser', 'domain': 'genome.ucsc.edu'})">X:1,386,152-1,392,113</a> </span>
</em>
</strong>
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" target="_blank" class="small"> (from NCBI) </a>
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</p>
</div>
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<a id="text" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<h4>
<span class="mim-font">
<span class="mim-tip-floating" qtip_title="<strong>Looking For More References?</strong>" qtip_text="Click the 'reference plus' icon &lt;span class='glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign'&gt;&lt;/span&gt at the end of each OMIM text paragraph to see more references related to the content of the preceding paragraph.">
<strong>TEXT</strong>
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</h4>
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<span id="mimCloningToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">&#9660;</span>
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<strong>Cloning and Expression</strong>
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</h4>
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<p><a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Schiebel, K., Weiss, B., Wohrle, D., Rappold, G. &lt;strong&gt;A human pseudoautosomal gene, ADP/ATP translocase, escapes X-inactivation whereas a homologue on Xq is subject to X-inactivation.&lt;/strong&gt; Nature Genet. 3: 82-87, 1993.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8490661/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;8490661&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0193-82&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="8490661">Schiebel et al. (1993)</a> cloned a highly conserved pseudoautosomal gene by selecting a cDNA clone with a microdissected clone from chromosomal subregion Xp22.3. They found that it encodes ANT3, a member of the ADP/ATP translocase family that plays a fundamental role in cellular energy metabolism. The ANT3 gene had previously been characterized by <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Houldsworth, J., Attardi, G. &lt;strong&gt;Two distinct genes for ADP/ATP translocase are expressed at the mRNA level in adult human liver.&lt;/strong&gt; Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 85: 377-381, 1988.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2829183/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;2829183&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.2.377&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="2829183">Houldsworth and Attardi (1988)</a> and by <a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Cozens, A. L., Runswick, M. J., Walker, J. E. &lt;strong&gt;DNA sequences of two expressed nuclear genes for human mitochondrial ADP/ATP translocase.&lt;/strong&gt; J. Molec. Biol. 206: 261-280, 1989.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2541251/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;2541251&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836(89)90477-4&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="2541251">Cozens et al. (1989)</a>. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=2541251+2829183+8490661" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<a id="mapping" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<span id="mimMappingToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">&#9660;</span>
<span class="mim-font">
<strong>Mapping</strong>
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</h4>
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<div id="mimMappingFold" class="collapse in mimTextToggleFold">
<span class="mim-text-font">
<p>The gene encoding adenine nucleotide translocator-3 is located in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) at the end of the short arm of the X and Y chromosomes. See also <a href="/entry/403000">403000</a>.</p><p><a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Schiebel, K., Weiss, B., Wohrle, D., Rappold, G. &lt;strong&gt;A human pseudoautosomal gene, ADP/ATP translocase, escapes X-inactivation whereas a homologue on Xq is subject to X-inactivation.&lt;/strong&gt; Nature Genet. 3: 82-87, 1993.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8490661/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;8490661&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0193-82&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="8490661">Schiebel et al. (1993)</a> determined that the ANT3 gene is located approximately 1,300 kb from the telomere of the X chromosome, proximal to the pseudoautosomal gene CSF2RA (<a href="/entry/306250">306250</a>), and escapes X inactivation. A homolog of ANT3, ANT2 (<a href="/entry/300150">300150</a>), maps to Xq13-q26 and is subject to X inactivation. The physical location of the ANT3 gene was determined by pulsed field mapping. From the location of a CpG island, they determined the orientation of the gene to be from centromere toward the telomere. It is probably directly adjacent to CSF2RA. All pseudogenes of the ANT gene family seem to lack introns. <a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Schiebel, K., Weiss, B., Wohrle, D., Rappold, G. &lt;strong&gt;A human pseudoautosomal gene, ADP/ATP translocase, escapes X-inactivation whereas a homologue on Xq is subject to X-inactivation.&lt;/strong&gt; Nature Genet. 3: 82-87, 1993.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8490661/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;8490661&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0193-82&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="8490661">Schiebel et al. (1993)</a> identified an intronless ANT3 pseudogene on chromosome 9. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=8490661" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Slim, R., Levilliers, J., Ludecke, H.-J., Claussen, U., Nguyen, V. C., Gough, N. M., Horsthemke, B., Petit, C. &lt;strong&gt;A human pseudoautosomal gene encodes the ANT3 ADP/ATP translocase and escapes X-inactivation.&lt;/strong&gt; Genomics 16: 26-33, 1993.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8486369/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;8486369&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1993.1135&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="8486369">Slim et al. (1993)</a> identified the ANT3 gene in a clone microdissected from Xp22.3. It contained in its first intron a CpG island mapped 13,000 kb from the telomere. They showed that the gene is transcribed from the Y chromosome and from both the active and inactive X chromosomes. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=8486369" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
</span>
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<br />
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</div>
<div>
<a id="evolution" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<h4 href="#mimEvolutionFold" id="mimEvolutionToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
<span id="mimEvolutionToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">&#9660;</span>
<span class="mim-font">
<strong>Evolution</strong>
</span>
</h4>
</div>
<div id="mimEvolutionFold" class="collapse in mimTextToggleFold">
<span class="mim-text-font">
<p>Comparative in situ hybridization in various primate species revealed a pseudoautosomal location for the ANT3 gene and an X-specific location for the steroid sulfatase gene (STS; <a href="/entry/300747">300747</a>) throughout the higher primate species up to the New World monkeys. However, <a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Toder, R., Rappold, G. A., Schiebel, K., Schempp, W. &lt;strong&gt;ANT3 and STS are autosomal in prosimian lemurs: implications for the evolution of the pseudoautosomal region.&lt;/strong&gt; Hum. Genet. 95: 22-28, 1995.[PubMed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7814020/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;PubMed&#x27;, &#x27;domain&#x27;: &#x27;pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x27;})&quot;&gt;7814020&lt;/a&gt;] [&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00225068&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; onclick=&quot;gtag(&#x27;event&#x27;, &#x27;mim_outbound&#x27;, {&#x27;destination&#x27;: &#x27;Publisher&#x27;})&quot;&gt;Full Text&lt;/a&gt;]" pmid="7814020">Toder et al. (1995)</a> found that ANT3 and STS map together on an autosome of 2 prosimian species of the genera Lemur and Eulemur. These results suggested an autosomal-to-X/Y translocation after the simians radiated from the prosimians, resulting in a pseudoautosomal location of genes such as ANT3 and STS. In simian primates, STS then became X-specific by a pericentric inversion in the Y chromosome followed by mutational inactivation of the Y allele. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=7814020" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<div>
<a id="references"class="mim-anchor"></a>
<h4 href="#mimReferencesFold" id="mimReferencesToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
<span class="mim-font">
<span id="mimReferencesToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">&#9660;</span>
<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
</span>
</h4>
<div>
<p />
</div>
<div id="mimReferencesFold" class="collapse in mimTextToggleFold">
<ol>
<li>
<a id="1" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Cozens1989" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Cozens, A. L., Runswick, M. J., Walker, J. E.
<strong>DNA sequences of two expressed nuclear genes for human mitochondrial ADP/ATP translocase.</strong>
J. Molec. Biol. 206: 261-280, 1989.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2541251/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">2541251</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=2541251" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836(89)90477-4" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<a id="2" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Houldsworth1988" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Houldsworth, J., Attardi, G.
<strong>Two distinct genes for ADP/ATP translocase are expressed at the mRNA level in adult human liver.</strong>
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 85: 377-381, 1988.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2829183/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">2829183</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=2829183" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.2.377" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<a id="3" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Schiebel1993" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Schiebel, K., Weiss, B., Wohrle, D., Rappold, G.
<strong>A human pseudoautosomal gene, ADP/ATP translocase, escapes X-inactivation whereas a homologue on Xq is subject to X-inactivation.</strong>
Nature Genet. 3: 82-87, 1993.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8490661/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">8490661</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=8490661" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0193-82" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<a id="4" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Slim1993" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Slim, R., Levilliers, J., Ludecke, H.-J., Claussen, U., Nguyen, V. C., Gough, N. M., Horsthemke, B., Petit, C.
<strong>A human pseudoautosomal gene encodes the ANT3 ADP/ATP translocase and escapes X-inactivation.</strong>
Genomics 16: 26-33, 1993.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8486369/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">8486369</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=8486369" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1993.1135" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<a id="5" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<a id="Toder1995" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="">
<p class="mim-text-font">
Toder, R., Rappold, G. A., Schiebel, K., Schempp, W.
<strong>ANT3 and STS are autosomal in prosimian lemurs: implications for the evolution of the pseudoautosomal region.</strong>
Hum. Genet. 95: 22-28, 1995.
[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7814020/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">7814020</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=7814020" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00225068" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
</p>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<div>
<br />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<a id="creationDate" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-4 col-xs-4">
<span class="text-nowrap mim-text-font">
Creation Date:
</span>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-6">
<span class="mim-text-font">
Victor A. McKusick : 1/26/1993
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<a id="editHistory" class="mim-anchor"></a>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-4 col-xs-4">
<span class="text-nowrap mim-text-font">
<a href="#mimCollapseEditHistory" role="button" data-toggle="collapse"> Edit History: </a>
</span>
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<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-6">
<span class="mim-text-font">
alopez : 02/20/2014
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row collapse" id="mimCollapseEditHistory">
<div class="col-lg-offset-2 col-md-offset-2 col-sm-offset-4 col-xs-offset-4 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-6">
<span class="mim-text-font">
carol : 10/31/2008<br>mgross : 2/22/2007<br>terry : 3/28/2002<br>carol : 3/7/2000<br>mark : 7/7/1997<br>carol : 2/1/1995<br>terry : 4/21/1994<br>mimadm : 2/27/1994<br>carol : 5/4/1993<br>carol : 1/26/1993
</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-1">
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<h3>
<span class="mim-font">
<strong>*</strong> 300151
</span>
</h3>
</div>
<div>
<h3>
<span class="mim-font">
SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 25 (MITOCHONDRIAL CARRIER, ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCATOR), MEMBER A6; SLC25A6
</span>
</h3>
</div>
<div>
<br />
</div>
<div>
<div >
<p>
<span class="mim-font">
<em>Alternative titles; symbols</em>
</span>
</p>
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<h4>
<span class="mim-font">
ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCATOR 3; ANT3<br />
ADP/ATP TRANSLOCATOR OF LIVER<br />
ADP/ATP TRANSLOCASE 3<br />
ADP/ATP CARRIER 3; AAC3
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<span class="mim-text-font">
<strong><em>HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: SLC25A6</em></strong>
</span>
</p>
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<p>
<span class="mim-text-font">
<strong>
<em>
Cytogenetic location: Xp22.33
&nbsp;
Genomic coordinates <span class="small">(GRCh38)</span> : X:1,386,152-1,392,113 </span>
</em>
</strong>
<span class="small">(from NCBI)</span>
</span>
</p>
</div>
<div>
<br />
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<div>
<h4>
<span class="mim-font">
<strong>TEXT</strong>
</span>
</h4>
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<h4>
<span class="mim-font">
<strong>Cloning and Expression</strong>
</span>
</h4>
</div>
<span class="mim-text-font">
<p>Schiebel et al. (1993) cloned a highly conserved pseudoautosomal gene by selecting a cDNA clone with a microdissected clone from chromosomal subregion Xp22.3. They found that it encodes ANT3, a member of the ADP/ATP translocase family that plays a fundamental role in cellular energy metabolism. The ANT3 gene had previously been characterized by Houldsworth and Attardi (1988) and by Cozens et al. (1989). </p>
</span>
<div>
<br />
</div>
<div>
<h4>
<span class="mim-font">
<strong>Mapping</strong>
</span>
</h4>
</div>
<span class="mim-text-font">
<p>The gene encoding adenine nucleotide translocator-3 is located in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) at the end of the short arm of the X and Y chromosomes. See also 403000.</p><p>Schiebel et al. (1993) determined that the ANT3 gene is located approximately 1,300 kb from the telomere of the X chromosome, proximal to the pseudoautosomal gene CSF2RA (306250), and escapes X inactivation. A homolog of ANT3, ANT2 (300150), maps to Xq13-q26 and is subject to X inactivation. The physical location of the ANT3 gene was determined by pulsed field mapping. From the location of a CpG island, they determined the orientation of the gene to be from centromere toward the telomere. It is probably directly adjacent to CSF2RA. All pseudogenes of the ANT gene family seem to lack introns. Schiebel et al. (1993) identified an intronless ANT3 pseudogene on chromosome 9. </p><p>Slim et al. (1993) identified the ANT3 gene in a clone microdissected from Xp22.3. It contained in its first intron a CpG island mapped 13,000 kb from the telomere. They showed that the gene is transcribed from the Y chromosome and from both the active and inactive X chromosomes. </p>
</span>
<div>
<br />
</div>
<div>
<h4>
<span class="mim-font">
<strong>Evolution</strong>
</span>
</h4>
</div>
<span class="mim-text-font">
<p>Comparative in situ hybridization in various primate species revealed a pseudoautosomal location for the ANT3 gene and an X-specific location for the steroid sulfatase gene (STS; 300747) throughout the higher primate species up to the New World monkeys. However, Toder et al. (1995) found that ANT3 and STS map together on an autosome of 2 prosimian species of the genera Lemur and Eulemur. These results suggested an autosomal-to-X/Y translocation after the simians radiated from the prosimians, resulting in a pseudoautosomal location of genes such as ANT3 and STS. In simian primates, STS then became X-specific by a pericentric inversion in the Y chromosome followed by mutational inactivation of the Y allele. </p>
</span>
<div>
<br />
</div>
</div>
<div>
<h4>
<span class="mim-font">
<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
</span>
</h4>
<div>
<p />
</div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<p class="mim-text-font">
Cozens, A. L., Runswick, M. J., Walker, J. E.
<strong>DNA sequences of two expressed nuclear genes for human mitochondrial ADP/ATP translocase.</strong>
J. Molec. Biol. 206: 261-280, 1989.
[PubMed: 2541251]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836(89)90477-4]
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="mim-text-font">
Houldsworth, J., Attardi, G.
<strong>Two distinct genes for ADP/ATP translocase are expressed at the mRNA level in adult human liver.</strong>
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 85: 377-381, 1988.
[PubMed: 2829183]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.2.377]
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="mim-text-font">
Schiebel, K., Weiss, B., Wohrle, D., Rappold, G.
<strong>A human pseudoautosomal gene, ADP/ATP translocase, escapes X-inactivation whereas a homologue on Xq is subject to X-inactivation.</strong>
Nature Genet. 3: 82-87, 1993.
[PubMed: 8490661]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0193-82]
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="mim-text-font">
Slim, R., Levilliers, J., Ludecke, H.-J., Claussen, U., Nguyen, V. C., Gough, N. M., Horsthemke, B., Petit, C.
<strong>A human pseudoautosomal gene encodes the ANT3 ADP/ATP translocase and escapes X-inactivation.</strong>
Genomics 16: 26-33, 1993.
[PubMed: 8486369]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1993.1135]
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="mim-text-font">
Toder, R., Rappold, G. A., Schiebel, K., Schempp, W.
<strong>ANT3 and STS are autosomal in prosimian lemurs: implications for the evolution of the pseudoautosomal region.</strong>
Hum. Genet. 95: 22-28, 1995.
[PubMed: 7814020]
[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00225068]
</p>
</li>
</ol>
<div>
<br />
</div>
</div>
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<div>
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<div class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-2 col-xs-2">
<span class="text-nowrap mim-text-font">
Creation Date:
</span>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-6">
<span class="mim-text-font">
Victor A. McKusick : 1/26/1993
</span>
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</div>
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<div>
<br />
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<div class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-2 col-xs-2">
<span class="text-nowrap mim-text-font">
Edit History:
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<span class="mim-text-font">
alopez : 02/20/2014<br>carol : 10/31/2008<br>mgross : 2/22/2007<br>terry : 3/28/2002<br>carol : 3/7/2000<br>mark : 7/7/1997<br>carol : 2/1/1995<br>terry : 4/21/1994<br>mimadm : 2/27/1994<br>carol : 5/4/1993<br>carol : 1/26/1993
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