2912 lines
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Entry
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- #244450 - KAUFMAN OCULOCEREBROFACIAL SYNDROME; KOS
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- OMIM
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<p>
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<span class="h4">#244450</span>
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<br />
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<strong>Table of Contents</strong>
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<a href="#title"><strong>Title</strong></a>
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<a href="#phenotypeMap"><strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong></a>
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<li role="presentation">
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<a href="/clinicalSynopsis/244450"><strong>Clinical Synopsis</strong></a>
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<a href="#text"><strong>Text</strong></a>
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<a href="#description">Description</a>
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<a href="#clinicalFeatures">Clinical Features</a>
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<a href="#inheritance">Inheritance</a>
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<a href="#molecularGenetics">Molecular Genetics</a>
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<a href="#references"><strong>References</strong></a>
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<a href="#contributors"><strong>Contributors</strong></a>
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<a href="#creationDate"><strong>Creation Date</strong></a>
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<a href="#editHistory"><strong>Edit History</strong></a>
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<div style="display: table-cell;">External Links</div>
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</a>
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</h4>
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<div style="display: table-cell;">Clinical Resources</div>
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</div>
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</a>
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<div id="mimClinicalResourcesLinksFold" class="panel-collapse collapse in mimLinksFold" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="clinicalResources">
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<div><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=KAUFMAN OCULOCEREBROFACIAL SYNDROME" class="mim-tip-hint" title="A registry of federally and privately supported clinical trials conducted in the United States and around the world." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Clinical Trials', 'domain': 'clinicaltrials.gov'})">Clinical Trials</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/ClinicalLabs_Search_Simple.php?lng=EN&LnkId=2468&Typ=Pat" class="mim-tip-hint" title="A list of European laboratories that offer genetic testing." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'EuroGentest', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">EuroGentest</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK390670/" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Expert-authored, peer-reviewed descriptions of inherited disorders including the uses of genetic testing in diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Gene Reviews', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">Gene Reviews</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/x/3962" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Network of disease-specific advocacy organizations, universities, private companies, government agencies, and public policy organizations." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Genetic Alliance', 'domain': 'diseaseinfosearch.org'})">Genetic Alliance</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/kaufman-oculocerebrofacial-syndrome" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Consumer-friendly information about the effects of genetic variation on human health." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MedlinePlus Genetics', 'domain': 'medlineplus.gov'})">MedlinePlus Genetics</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/all/tests/?term=244450[mim]" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Genetic Testing Registry." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'GTR', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">GTR</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=2707" class="mim-tip-hint" title="European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'OrphaNet', 'domain': 'orpha.net'})">OrphaNet</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.possumcore.com/nuxeo/nxdoc/default/fcc6de2f-60b4-4c63-a058-a8398d79944a/view_documents?source=omim" class="mim-tip-hint" title="A dysmorphology database of multiple malformations; metabolic, teratogenic, chromosomal, and skeletal syndromes; and their images." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'POSSUM', 'domain': 'possum.net.au'})">POSSUM</a></div>
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<div class="panel-heading mim-panel-heading" role="tab" id="mimAnimalModels">
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<span class="panel-title">
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<span class="small">
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<a href="#mimAnimalModelsLinksFold" id="mimAnimalModelsLinksToggle" class="collapsed mimSingletonTriangleToggle" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#mimExternalLinksAccordion">
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<div style="display: table-row">
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<div id="mimAnimalModelsLinksToggleTriangle" class="small mimSingletonTriangle" style="color: #337CB5; display: table-cell;">►</div>
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<div style="display: table-cell;">Animal Models</div>
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</div>
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</a>
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</span>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div id="mimAnimalModelsLinksFold" class="panel-collapse collapse mimLinksFold" role="tabpanel">
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<div class="panel-body small mim-panel-body">
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<div><a href="https://www.alliancegenome.org/disease/DOID:0111456" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Search Across Species; explore model organism and human comparative genomics." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Alliance Genome', 'domain': 'alliancegenome.org'})">Alliance Genome</a></div>
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<div><a href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/disease/244450" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Phenotypes, alleles, and disease models from Mouse Genome Informatics." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'MGI Mouse Phenotype', 'domain': 'informatics.jax.org'})">MGI Mouse Phenotype</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://omia.org/OMIA001934/" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) is a database of genes, inherited disorders and traits in 191 animal species (other than human and mouse.)" target="_blank">OMIA</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://wormbase.org/resources/disease/DOID:0111456" class="mim-tip-hint" title="Database of the biology and genome of Caenorhabditis elegans and related nematodes." target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'Wormbase Disease Ontology', 'domain': 'wormbase.org'})">Wormbase Disease Ontology</a></div>
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<span>
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<span class="mim-tip-bottom" qtip_title="<strong>Looking for this gene or this phenotype in other resources?</strong>" qtip_text="Select a related resource from the dropdown menu and click for a targeted link to information directly relevant.">
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<div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-pull-2 col-md-8 col-md-pull-2 col-sm-8 col-sm-pull-2 col-xs-12">
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<a id="title" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div>
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<a id="number" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div class="text-right">
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<a href="#" class="mim-tip-icd" qtip_title="<strong>ICD+</strong>" qtip_text="
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<strong>SNOMEDCT:</strong> 722056009<br />
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<strong>ORPHA:</strong> 2707<br />
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<strong>DO:</strong> 0111456<br />
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">ICD+</a>
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<div>
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<span class="h3">
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<span class="mim-font mim-tip-hint" title="Phenotype description, molecular basis known">
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<span class="text-danger"><strong>#</strong></span>
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244450
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</span>
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<a id="preferredTitle" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h3>
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<span class="mim-font">
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KAUFMAN OCULOCEREBROFACIAL SYNDROME; KOS
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</span>
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</h3>
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</div>
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<div>
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<br />
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</div>
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<div>
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<a id="alternativeTitles" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<div>
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<p>
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<span class="mim-font">
|
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<em>Alternative titles; symbols</em>
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</span>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div>
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<h4>
|
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<span class="mim-font">
|
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BLEPHAROPHIMOSIS-PTOSIS-INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY SYNDROME; BPIDS
|
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</span>
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</h4>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<br />
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</div>
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<div>
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<a id="phenotypeMap" class="mim-anchor"></a>
|
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<h4>
|
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<span class="mim-font">
|
|
<strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong>
|
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</span>
|
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</h4>
|
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<div>
|
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<table class="table table-bordered table-condensed table-hover small mim-table-padding">
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<thead>
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<tr class="active">
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<th>
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Location
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</th>
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<th>
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Phenotype
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</th>
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<th>
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Phenotype <br /> MIM number
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</th>
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<th>
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Inheritance
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</th>
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<th>
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Phenotype <br /> mapping key
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</th>
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<th>
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Gene/Locus
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</th>
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<th>
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Gene/Locus <br /> MIM number
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<a href="/geneMap/12/790?start=-3&limit=10&highlight=790">
|
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12q24.11
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</a>
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</span>
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</td>
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<td>
|
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<span class="mim-font">
|
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Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome
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</span>
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</td>
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<td>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<a href="/entry/244450"> 244450 </a>
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</span>
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</td>
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<td>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</abbr>
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</td>
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<td>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<abbr class="mim-tip-hint" title="3 - The molecular basis of the disorder is known"> 3 </abbr>
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</span>
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</td>
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<td>
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<span class="mim-font">
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UBE3B
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</span>
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</td>
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<td>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<a href="/entry/608047"> 608047 </a>
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</span>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div class="btn-group ">
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<a href="/clinicalSynopsis/244450" class="btn btn-warning" role="button"> Clinical Synopsis </a>
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<button type="button" id="mimPhenotypicSeriesToggle" class="btn btn-warning dropdown-toggle mimSingletonFoldToggle" data-toggle="collapse" href="#mimClinicalSynopsisFold" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Unfurl', 'ClinicalSynopsis', 'omim.org')">
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<span class="caret"></span>
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<span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span>
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</button>
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</div>
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<div class="btn-group">
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<button type="button" class="btn btn-success dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
|
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PheneGene Graphics <span class="caret"></span>
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</button>
|
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<ul class="dropdown-menu" style="width: 17em;">
|
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<li><a href="/graph/linear/244450" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_graph', {'destination': 'Linear'})"> Linear </a></li>
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<li><a href="/graph/radial/244450" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_graph', {'destination': 'Radial'})"> Radial </a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign mim-tip-hint" title="OMIM PheneGene graphics depict relationships between phenotypes, groups of related phenotypes (Phenotypic Series), and genes.<br /><a href='/static/omim/pdf/OMIM_Graphics.pdf' target='_blank'>A quick reference overview and guide (PDF)</a>"></span>
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<div>
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<p />
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</div>
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<div id="mimClinicalSynopsisFold" class="well well-sm collapse mimSingletonToggleFold">
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<div class="small" style="margin: 5px">
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<div>
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<div>
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
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<strong> INHERITANCE </strong>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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<div>
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<span class="mim-font">
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|
- Autosomal recessive <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/258211005" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">258211005</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0441748&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0441748</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000007</a>]</span><br />
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div>
|
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> GROWTH </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
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<div>
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|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Height </em>
|
|
</span>
|
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</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Short stature <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/422065006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">422065006</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/237836003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">237836003</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/237837007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">237837007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/E34.31" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">E34.31</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/R62.52" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">R62.52</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/783.43" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">783.43</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0349588&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0349588</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0013336&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0013336</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003510" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0003510</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0004322" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0004322</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0004322" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0004322</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Other </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Failure to thrive <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/432788009" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">432788009</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/54840006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">54840006</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/783.41" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">783.41</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0015544&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0015544</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C2315100&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C2315100</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001508" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001508</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001508" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001508</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> HEAD & NECK </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Head </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Microcephaly <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/1148757008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">1148757008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q02" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q02</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/742.1" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">742.1</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4551563&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4551563</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0025958&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0025958</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000252</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000252</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=0584d323b99dcd7001cc50e224947aca" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Microcephaly-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=0584d323b99dcd7001cc50e224947aca" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Ears </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Low-set ears <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/95515009" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">95515009</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q17.4" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q17.4</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0239234&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0239234</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000369" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000369</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000369" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000369</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=9f0956aaa4fd45c34f94336afbbdc931" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Ear,Low-Set-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=9f0956aaa4fd45c34f94336afbbdc931" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
|
|
Dysplastic ears <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0857379&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0857379</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000377" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000377</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000377" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000377</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Eyes </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Blepharophimosis <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H02.52" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H02.52</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/374.46" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">374.46</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0005744&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0005744</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000581" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000581</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000581" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000581</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=0f0375071b81e81be36302aa011b44dc" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Blepharophimosis-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=0f0375071b81e81be36302aa011b44dc" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
|
|
Ptosis <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/11934000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">11934000</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/29696001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">29696001</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H02.409" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H02.409</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H02.40" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H02.40</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H02.4" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H02.4</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/374.3" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">374.3</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/374.30" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">374.30</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0005745&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0005745</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0033377&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0033377</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000508" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000508</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000508" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000508</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=76abf29563d4adc64d21da86221224b1" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Ptosis-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=76abf29563d4adc64d21da86221224b1" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
|
|
Upward-slanting palpebral fissures <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/246799009" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">246799009</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0423109&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0423109</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000582" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000582</a>]</span><br /> -
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Telecanthus <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/246803005" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">246803005</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0423113&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0423113</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000506" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000506</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000506" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000506</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=d87370f552af271a3bb27b2e061542cb" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Telecanthus-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=d87370f552af271a3bb27b2e061542cb" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
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Hypertelorism <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/22006008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">22006008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q75.2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q75.2</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/376.41" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">376.41</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0020534&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0020534</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000316" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000316</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000316" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000316</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=593a4d488f00bb03351a0ddffaf4ac9a" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Eyes,Widely_Spaced-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=593a4d488f00bb03351a0ddffaf4ac9a" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
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Astigmatism <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/82649003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">82649003</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H52.2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H52.2</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H52.20" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H52.20</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/367.2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">367.2</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/367.20" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">367.20</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0004106&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0004106</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000483" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000483</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000483" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000483</a>]</span><br /> -
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Strabismus, mild <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4692580&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4692580</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/22066006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">22066006</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H50.9" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H50.9</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H50.40" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H50.40</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000486" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000486</a>]</span><br /> -
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Myopia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/57190000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">57190000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/H52.1" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">H52.1</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/367.1" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">367.1</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0027092&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0027092</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000545" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000545</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000545" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000545</a>]</span><br />
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div>
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
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<em> Nose </em>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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<span class="mim-font">
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- Depressed nasal bridge <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1836542&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1836542</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0005280" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0005280</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0005280" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0005280</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=7043769fd21a78a413fd758918cdda17" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Nasal_Bridge,Depressed-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=7043769fd21a78a413fd758918cdda17" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
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Anteverted nares <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/708670007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">708670007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1840077&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1840077</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000463" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000463</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000463" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000463</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=656ef0aca7742d97c5769f51f0dd56de" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Nares,Anteverted-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=656ef0aca7742d97c5769f51f0dd56de" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br />
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div>
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
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<em> Mouth </em>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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<span class="mim-font">
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- Palate anomalies <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q38.5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q38.5</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0869081&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0869081</a>]</span><br /> -
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Micrognathia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/32958008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">32958008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/M26.04" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">M26.04</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/524.04" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">524.04</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0025990&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0025990</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000347" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000347</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000347" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000347</a>]</span> <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=9149eccae19753e96defbd69602ab882" target="_blank" class="small mim-tip-eom" title="<img src="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/images/terms/Micrognathia-small.jpg"> <br/>Further Information: <a href="https://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=9149eccae19753e96defbd69602ab882" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'EOM\', \'domain\': \'elementsofmorphology.nih.gov\'})">Elements of Morphology</a>"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><br /> -
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Small mouth <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/14582003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">14582003</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q18.5" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q18.5</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/744.84" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">744.84</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0026034&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0026034</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000160" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000160</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000160" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000160</a>]</span><br />
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div>
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> CARDIOVASCULAR </strong>
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</span>
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</div>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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<div>
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<div>
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
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<em> Heart </em>
|
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</span>
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</div>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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<span class="mim-font">
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- Atrial septal defect (ASD) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/253366007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">253366007</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/405752007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">405752007</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/70142008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">70142008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q21.1" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q21.1</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q21.10" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q21.10</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0018817&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0018817</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001631" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001631</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001631" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001631</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/30288003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">30288003</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/253549006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">253549006</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/768552007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">768552007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q21.0" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q21.0</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/745.4" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">745.4</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0018818&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0018818</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001629" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001629</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001629" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001629</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Aortic coarctation <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/7305005" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">7305005</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q25.1" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q25.1</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/747.1" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">747.1</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/747.10" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">747.10</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0003492&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0003492</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001680" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001680</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001680" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001680</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
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|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> RESPIRATORY </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Larynx </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Laryngomalacia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/38086007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">38086007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0264303&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0264303</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001601" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001601</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001601" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001601</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
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|
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|
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|
|
|
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|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> ABDOMEN </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Gastrointestinal </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Feeding problems <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/274540003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">274540003</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/78164000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">78164000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/R63.3" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">R63.3</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/783.3" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">783.3</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0232466&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0232466</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0699815&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0699815</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0011968" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0011968</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0011968" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0011968</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Gastrectasia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4694109&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4694109</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Constipation <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/14760008" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">14760008</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/K59.0" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">K59.0</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/K59.00" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">K59.00</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/564.00" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">564.00</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/564.0" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">564.0</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0009806&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0009806</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002019" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002019</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002019" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002019</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Distension of gall-bladder <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1397941&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1397941</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Intestinal malrotation <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/48641006" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">48641006</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/29980002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">29980002</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/253789002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">253789002</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0221210&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0221210</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002566" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002566</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002566" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002566</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> GENITOURINARY </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> External Genitalia (Female) </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Hypoplastic labia majora <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/289469003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">289469003</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0566899&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0566899</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000059" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000059</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000059" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0000059</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Kidneys </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Pyelectasis <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/197820003" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">197820003</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/430035004" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">430035004</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C2317073&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C2317073</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0341676&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0341676</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0010946" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0010946</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0010945" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0010945</a>]</span><br /> -
|
|
Double right kidney <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4692579&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4692579</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> SKELETAL </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Pelvis </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Congenital dislocation of the hip <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/48334007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">48334007</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q65.2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">Q65.2</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/754.3" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">754.3</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0019555&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0019555</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001374" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001374</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001374" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001374</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Hands </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
|
|
- Clinodactyly of 5th fingers <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1850049&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1850049</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0004209" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0004209</a>]</span><br />
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<strong> NEUROLOGIC </strong>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
<div>
|
|
<span class="h5 mim-font">
|
|
<em> Central Nervous System </em>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
|
|
<span class="mim-font">
|
|
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- Delayed motor milestones <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1854301&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1854301</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001270" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001270</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001270" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001270</a>]</span><br /> -
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Absent speech <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1854882&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1854882</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001344" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001344</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001344" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001344</a>]</span><br /> -
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Intellectual disability, severe <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/40700009" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">40700009</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/F72" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">F72</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD9CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD9CM/318.1" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD9CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">318.1</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0036857&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0036857</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0010864" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0010864</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0010864" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0010864</a>]</span><br /> -
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Chiari type I malformation <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/253185002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">253185002</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0750929&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0750929</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0007099" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0007099</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0007099" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0007099</a>]</span><br /> -
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Ventricular dilatation <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/6210001" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">6210001</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[ICD10CM: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/I51.7" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'ICD10CM\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">I51.7</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C3278923&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C3278923</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0264733&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0264733</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002119" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002119</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002119" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002119</a>]</span><br /> -
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Hypoplastic corpus callosum <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/204043002" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">204043002</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0344482&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0344482</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002079" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002079</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002079" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002079</a>]</span><br /> -
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Agenesis of the rostrum of corpus callosum <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4692575&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4692575</a>]</span><br /> -
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Anterior commissure not evident <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4692576&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4692576</a>]</span><br /> -
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Reduced size of the pituitary gland <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4692577&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4692577</a>]</span><br /> -
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Partial empty sella turcica <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4692578&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4692578</a>]</span><br /> -
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Hypotonia <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/398151007" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">398151007</a>, <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/398152000" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">398152000</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0026827&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0026827</a>, <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C1858120&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C1858120</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001290" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001290</a>, <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001252</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0001252</a>]</span><br />
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</span>
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
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<strong> IMMUNOLOGY </strong>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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- Frequent infections <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/451991000124106" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">451991000124106</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0239998&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0239998</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002719" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002719</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002719" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002719</a>]</span><br />
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<div>
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
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<strong> LABORATORY ABNORMALITIES </strong>
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</span>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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<div>
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<span class="mim-font">
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- Elevated TSH <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[SNOMEDCT: <a href="https://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/309080005" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'SNOMEDCT\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">309080005</a>]</span> <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C0586553&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C0586553</a> HPO: <a href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002925" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'HPO\', \'domain\': \'hpo.jax.org\'})">HP:0002925</a>]</span><br /> -
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Low growth hormone levels <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4692581&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4692581</a>]</span><br /> -
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Low ACTH level <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4692582&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4692582</a>]</span><br /> -
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Anomalies of cholesterol levels <span class="mim-feature-ids hidden">[UMLS: <a href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/search?q=C4692583&searchproperties=true" target="_blank" onclick="gtag(\'event\', \'mim_outbound\', {\'name\': \'UMLS\', \'domain\': \'bioontology.org\'})">C4692583</a>]</span><br />
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</span>
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</div>
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<span class="h5 mim-font">
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<strong> MOLECULAR BASIS </strong>
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<div style="margin-left: 2em;">
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<div>
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<span class="mim-font">
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- Caused by mutation in the ubiquitin-protein ligase E3B gene (UBE3B, <a href="/entry/608047#0001">608047.0001</a>)<br />
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<div class="text-right">
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<a href="#mimClinicalSynopsisFold" data-toggle="collapse">▲ Close</a>
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<div>
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<br />
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<a id="text" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h4 href="#mimTextFold" id="mimTextToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
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<span id="mimTextToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">▼</span>
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<span class="mim-font">
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<span class="mim-tip-floating" qtip_title="<strong>Looking For More References?</strong>" qtip_text="Click the 'reference plus' icon <span class='glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign'></span> at the end of each OMIM text paragraph to see more references related to the content of the preceding paragraph.">
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<strong>TEXT</strong>
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<p>A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome (KOS) is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the UBE3B gene (<a href="/entry/608047">608047</a>) on chromosome 12q24.</p>
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<a id="description" class="mim-anchor"></a>
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<h4 href="#mimDescriptionFold" id="mimDescriptionToggle" class="mimTriangleToggle" style="cursor: pointer;" data-toggle="collapse">
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<span id="mimDescriptionToggleTriangle" class="small mimTextToggleTriangle">▼</span>
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<strong>Description</strong>
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<p>Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome (KOS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by distinct craniofacial features, hypotonia, failure to thrive, eye abnormalities, other congenital malformations, low cholesterol levels, and severe intellectual disability (summary by <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Basel-Vanagaite, L., Yilmaz, R., Tang, S., Reuter, M. S., Rahner, N., Grange, D. K., Mortenson, M., Koty, P., Feenstra, H., Farwell Gonzalez, K. D., Sticht, H., Boddaert, N., Desir, J., Anyane-Yeboa, K., Zweier, C., Reis, A., Kubisch, C., Jewett, T., Zeng, W., Borck, G. <strong>Expanding the clinical and mutational spectrum of Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome with biallelic UBE3B mutations.</strong> Hum. Genet. 133: 939-949, 2014.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24615390/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">24615390</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-014-1436-2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="24615390">Basel-Vanagaite et al., 2014</a>). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=24615390" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<strong>Clinical Features</strong>
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<p><a href="#11" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Kaufman, R., Rimoin, D. L., Prensky, A. L., Sly, W. S. <strong>An oculocerebrofacial syndrome.</strong> Birth Defects Orig. Art. Ser. 7(1): 135-138, 1971.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5006210/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">5006210</a>]" pmid="5006210">Kaufman et al. (1971)</a> described a distinctive syndrome in 4 of 7 sibs. Significant positive and negative features included intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly with mental retardation but no gross neurologic abnormalities or seizures, hypertelorism with epicanthi, ptosis of the eyelids, upslanted palpebral fissures, microcornea with pale optic discs, sparse and laterally broad eyebrows, flat philtrum, congenital hypotonia, micrognathia with neonatal respiratory distress, high and narrow palate, lordosis, constipation, and flat feet. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=5006210" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#10" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Jurenka, S. B., Evans, J. <strong>Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome: case report.</strong> Am. J. Med. Genet. 3: 15-19, 1979.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/112864/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">112864</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320030106" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="112864">Jurenka and Evans (1979)</a> reported a sporadic case, and <a href="#9" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Garcia-Cruz, D., Arreola, R., Sanchez-Corona, J., Garcia-Cruz, O., Renteria, R., Villar, V., Gonzalez, M. E., Vargas-Moyeda, E., Cantu, J. M. <strong>Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome: a corroborative report.</strong> Dysmorph. Clin. Genet. 1: 152-154, 1988."None>Garcia-Cruz et al. (1988)</a> described a case. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=112864" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Buntinx, I., Majewski, F. <strong>Blepharophimosis, iris coloboma, microgenia, hearing loss, postaxial polydactyly, aplasia of corpus callosum, hydroureter, and developmental delay.</strong> Am. J. Med. Genet. 36: 273-274, 1990.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1694631/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">1694631</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320360304" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="1694631">Buntinx and Majewski (1990)</a> reported a child, born to nonconsanguineous parents, with what the authors considered to be a novel phenotype. The boy's neonatal period was complicated by poor suck and hypotonia. At age 6 months, he had severe developmental delay, bilateral conductive hearing loss, and an unusual facial appearance including prominent forehead, large anterior fontanel, blepharophimosis-epicanthus, upslanted palpebral fissures, iris coloboma, short nose, anteverted nostrils, low-set, posteriorly angulated, round ears with narrow external meati, microgenia, highly arched palate, and thick frenulum of the upper lip. He also had postaxial polydactyly of both hands. There were no abnormalities of hair, nails, skin, or genitals. Brain imaging showed aplasia of the corpus callosum. <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Basel-Vanagaite, L., Yilmaz, R., Tang, S., Reuter, M. S., Rahner, N., Grange, D. K., Mortenson, M., Koty, P., Feenstra, H., Farwell Gonzalez, K. D., Sticht, H., Boddaert, N., Desir, J., Anyane-Yeboa, K., Zweier, C., Reis, A., Kubisch, C., Jewett, T., Zeng, W., Borck, G. <strong>Expanding the clinical and mutational spectrum of Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome with biallelic UBE3B mutations.</strong> Hum. Genet. 133: 939-949, 2014.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24615390/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">24615390</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-014-1436-2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="24615390">Basel-Vanagaite et al. (2014)</a> identified compound heterozygous mutations in the UBE3B gene in this patient; see MOLECULAR GENETICS. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=24615390+1694631" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#7" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Figuera, L. E., Garcia-Cruz, D., Ramirez-Duenas, M. L., Rivera-Robles, V., Cantu, J. M. <strong>Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome: report of two new cases and further delineation.</strong> Clin. Genet. 44: 98-101, 1993.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8275567/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">8275567</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.1993.tb03855.x" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="8275567">Figuera et al. (1993)</a> reported Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome in 2 unrelated Mexican girls, aged 14 months and 6 years. Both showed psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, blepharophimosis, and delayed growth as the main features. The infant also showed preauricular tags and large clitoris. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=8275567" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#6" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Dentici, M. L., Mingarelli, R., Dallapiccola, B. <strong>The difficult nosology of blepharophimosis-mental retardation syndromes: report on two siblings.</strong> Am. J. Med. Genet. 155A: 459-465, 2011.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21567902/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">21567902</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.33642" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="21567902">Dentici et al. (2011)</a> described 2 Italian sibs, a 6-year-old girl and an 18-month-old boy, who presented with overlapping clinical findings. Major characteristics included facial dysmorphism with upward slanting palpebral fissures, blepharophimosis, telecanthus, hypertelorism, posteriorly rotated and abnormal ears, and micrognathia. Ectodermal abnormalities consisted of fine hair, sparse eyebrows, and thin skin. Both sibs had feeding difficulties with gastroesophageal reflux and growth retardation with microcephaly. Psychomotor skills were severely delayed with no verbal capacity. The brother displayed low growth hormone levels, whereas the sister had low cholesterol and mildly elevated TSH levels. Additional features included renal anomalies, axial hypotonia, and abnormal neurologic findings. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=21567902" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Basel-Vanagaite, L., Dallapiccola, B., Ramirez-Solis, R., Segref, A., Thiele, H., Edwards, A., Arends, M. J., Miro, X., White, J. K., Desir, J., Abramowicz, M., Dentici, M. L., and 24 others. <strong>Deficiency for the ubiquitin ligase UBE3B in a blepharophimosis-ptosis-intellectual-disability syndrome.</strong> Am. J. Hum. Genet. 91: 998-1010, 2012.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23200864/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23200864</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23200864[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.011" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="23200864">Basel-Vanagaite et al. (2012)</a> described 4 affected individuals from 3 unrelated families, including the family reported by <a href="#6" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Dentici, M. L., Mingarelli, R., Dallapiccola, B. <strong>The difficult nosology of blepharophimosis-mental retardation syndromes: report on two siblings.</strong> Am. J. Med. Genet. 155A: 459-465, 2011.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21567902/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">21567902</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.33642" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="21567902">Dentici et al. (2011)</a>, with blepharophimosis, ptosis, mild upslanting of the palpebral fissures, epicanthus, ectodermal anomalies, developmental delay, and severe intellectual disability with absent speech. Proportionate growth retardation with a small head circumference/microcephaly, congenital malformations, muscular hypotonia, and anomalies on brain imaging with hypoplasia of the corpus callosum were variably present. Three of the 4 affected individuals had low cholesterol levels. <a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Basel-Vanagaite, L., Dallapiccola, B., Ramirez-Solis, R., Segref, A., Thiele, H., Edwards, A., Arends, M. J., Miro, X., White, J. K., Desir, J., Abramowicz, M., Dentici, M. L., and 24 others. <strong>Deficiency for the ubiquitin ligase UBE3B in a blepharophimosis-ptosis-intellectual-disability syndrome.</strong> Am. J. Hum. Genet. 91: 998-1010, 2012.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23200864/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23200864</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23200864[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.011" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="23200864">Basel-Vanagaite et al. (2012)</a> referred to the disorder as blepharophimosis-ptosis-intellectual-disability syndrome (BPIDS). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=23200864+21567902" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Basel-Vanagaite, L., Yilmaz, R., Tang, S., Reuter, M. S., Rahner, N., Grange, D. K., Mortenson, M., Koty, P., Feenstra, H., Farwell Gonzalez, K. D., Sticht, H., Boddaert, N., Desir, J., Anyane-Yeboa, K., Zweier, C., Reis, A., Kubisch, C., Jewett, T., Zeng, W., Borck, G. <strong>Expanding the clinical and mutational spectrum of Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome with biallelic UBE3B mutations.</strong> Hum. Genet. 133: 939-949, 2014.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24615390/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">24615390</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-014-1436-2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="24615390">Basel-Vanagaite et al. (2014)</a> reported 6 patients with KOS from 5 unrelated families and reviewed the 6 previously reported patients. They concluded that UBE3B mutations cause a clinically recognizable and possibly underdiagnosed syndrome characterized by distinct craniofacial features, hypotonia, failure to thrive, eye abnormalities, other congenital malformations, low cholesterol levels, and severe intellectual disability. They noted phenotypic overlap with Toriello-Carey syndrome (<a href="/entry/217980">217980</a>), also known as agenesis of the corpus callosum with facial anomalies and Pierre-Robin sequence. The characteristic craniofacial features of KOS include arched, sparse, and laterally flared eyebrows, blepharophimosis with epicanthal folds with or without ptosis, flat zygomata, characteristic nasal shape with relatively narrow nasal bridge and broad nasal base, flat philtrum (long or short), thin lips, especially the upper lip, and small mouth. Ears are often apparently low-set, with over-folded helices or cupping, small earlobes, and in some instances underdeveloped ear crus. With advancing age the face becomes more elongated, the palpebral fissures become upslanting, and in some patients the lip vermilion becomes more everted. One adult had a long chin and very thick alae nasi with narrow nares. One patient with mild and atypical facial features was reported. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=24615390" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><strong><em>Possible Heterogeneity</em></strong></p><p>
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<a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Briscioli, V., Manoukian, S., Selicorni, A., Livini, E., Lalatta, F. <strong>Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome in a girl of 15 years.</strong> Am. J. Med. Genet. 58: 21-23, 1995.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7573151/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">7573151</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320580106" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="7573151">Briscioli et al. (1995)</a> described a girl (previously reported in abstract by <a href="#4" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Briscioli, V., Selicorni, A., Livini, E., Piguzzi, M. T., Lalatta, F. <strong>Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome in a 15 year old girl. (Abstract)</strong> Am. J. Hum. Genet. 49 (suppl.): 146 only, 1991."None>Briscioli et al., 1991</a>) with severe mental retardation, microcephaly, long narrow face, ocular anomalies, and long, thin hands and feet. The diagnosis of Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome was not made until she was 15 years old. The authors commented on the difficulties in making the diagnosis in childhood. <a href="#8" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Flex, E., Ciolfi, A., Caputo, V., Fodale, V., Leoni, C., Melis, D., Bedeschi, M. F., Mazzanti, L., Pizzuti, A., Tartaglia, M., Zampino, G. <strong>Loss of function of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UBE3B causes Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome.</strong> J. Med. Genet. 50: 493-499, 2013.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23687348/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23687348</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23687348[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101405" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="23687348">Flex et al. (2013)</a> did not find a causative mutation in the UBE3B gene in the patient reported by <a href="#3" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Briscioli, V., Manoukian, S., Selicorni, A., Livini, E., Lalatta, F. <strong>Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome in a girl of 15 years.</strong> Am. J. Med. Genet. 58: 21-23, 1995.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7573151/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">7573151</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320580106" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="7573151">Briscioli et al. (1995)</a>. They further noted that the phenotype in this patient was distinctive for the lack of blepharophimosis, reduced corneal diameter, ear anomalies, micrognathia, and significant neonatal feeding problems. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=7573151+23687348" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p>The transmission pattern of KOS in the patients reported by <a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Basel-Vanagaite, L., Dallapiccola, B., Ramirez-Solis, R., Segref, A., Thiele, H., Edwards, A., Arends, M. J., Miro, X., White, J. K., Desir, J., Abramowicz, M., Dentici, M. L., and 24 others. <strong>Deficiency for the ubiquitin ligase UBE3B in a blepharophimosis-ptosis-intellectual-disability syndrome.</strong> Am. J. Hum. Genet. 91: 998-1010, 2012.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23200864/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23200864</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23200864[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.011" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="23200864">Basel-Vanagaite et al. (2012)</a> was consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23200864" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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<p><a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Basel-Vanagaite, L., Dallapiccola, B., Ramirez-Solis, R., Segref, A., Thiele, H., Edwards, A., Arends, M. J., Miro, X., White, J. K., Desir, J., Abramowicz, M., Dentici, M. L., and 24 others. <strong>Deficiency for the ubiquitin ligase UBE3B in a blepharophimosis-ptosis-intellectual-disability syndrome.</strong> Am. J. Hum. Genet. 91: 998-1010, 2012.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23200864/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23200864</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23200864[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.011" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="23200864">Basel-Vanagaite et al. (2012)</a> performed exome sequencing of 2 unrelated individuals with Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome and identified the UBE3B gene as the only gene with rare or unique biallelic damaging variants in both individuals. Individual 1 had a homozygous splice site mutation (c.1741+2T-C; <a href="/entry/608047#0001">608047.0001</a>), which was present in heterozygous state in her unaffected first-cousin parents. Individual 2 and her affected brother from the family reported by <a href="#6" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Dentici, M. L., Mingarelli, R., Dallapiccola, B. <strong>The difficult nosology of blepharophimosis-mental retardation syndromes: report on two siblings.</strong> Am. J. Med. Genet. 155A: 459-465, 2011.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21567902/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">21567902</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.33642" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="21567902">Dentici et al. (2011)</a> had a maternally inherited deletion (c.2223_2224delAG; <a href="/entry/608047#0002">608047.0002</a>) and a paternally inherited splice site mutation (c.545-2AG; <a href="/entry/608047#0003">608047.0003</a>). All 3 of these mutations introduce premature termination codons and are thus expected to result in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and/or protein truncation. By sequencing the coding exons of the UBE3B gene in a fourth affected individual, <a href="#1" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Basel-Vanagaite, L., Dallapiccola, B., Ramirez-Solis, R., Segref, A., Thiele, H., Edwards, A., Arends, M. J., Miro, X., White, J. K., Desir, J., Abramowicz, M., Dentici, M. L., and 24 others. <strong>Deficiency for the ubiquitin ligase UBE3B in a blepharophimosis-ptosis-intellectual-disability syndrome.</strong> Am. J. Hum. Genet. 91: 998-1010, 2012.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23200864/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23200864</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23200864[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.011" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="23200864">Basel-Vanagaite et al. (2012)</a> detected another homozygous mutation (E727P; <a href="/entry/608047#0004">608047.0004</a>), which was present in heterozygous state in her unaffected first-cousin parents. None of the mutations were present in 100 ethnically matched control individuals or in the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project database. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=23200864+21567902" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p><p><a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Basel-Vanagaite, L., Yilmaz, R., Tang, S., Reuter, M. S., Rahner, N., Grange, D. K., Mortenson, M., Koty, P., Feenstra, H., Farwell Gonzalez, K. D., Sticht, H., Boddaert, N., Desir, J., Anyane-Yeboa, K., Zweier, C., Reis, A., Kubisch, C., Jewett, T., Zeng, W., Borck, G. <strong>Expanding the clinical and mutational spectrum of Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome with biallelic UBE3B mutations.</strong> Hum. Genet. 133: 939-949, 2014.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24615390/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">24615390</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-014-1436-2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="24615390">Basel-Vanagaite et al. (2014)</a> reported 6 patients from 5 unrelated families with KOS and homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the UBE3B gene. They identified homozygous missense mutations in cis outside the HECT domain (<a href="/entry/608047#0005">608047.0005</a>) in a patient with mildly dysmorphic facial features, a homozygous missense mutation (G779R; <a href="/entry/608047#0006">608047.0006</a>) in sibs previously diagnosed with Toriello-Carey syndrome (<a href="/entry/217980">217980</a>) reported by <a href="#12" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Toriello, H. V., Carey, J. C., Addor, M.-C., Allen, W., Burke, L., Chun, N., Dobyns, W., Elias, E., Gallagher, R., Hordijk, R., Hoyme, G., Irons, M., and 13 others. <strong>Toriello-Carey syndrome: delineation and review.</strong> Am. J. Med. Genet. 123A: 84-90, 2003.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14556252/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">14556252</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.20493" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="14556252">Toriello et al. (2003)</a>, and compound heterozygosity (<a href="/entry/608047#0007">608047.0007</a>; <a href="/entry/608047#0008">608047.0008</a>) in a patient previously reported as having a possibly novel disorder by <a href="#5" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Buntinx, I., Majewski, F. <strong>Blepharophimosis, iris coloboma, microgenia, hearing loss, postaxial polydactyly, aplasia of corpus callosum, hydroureter, and developmental delay.</strong> Am. J. Med. Genet. 36: 273-274, 1990.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1694631/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">1694631</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320360304" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="1694631">Buntinx and Majewski (1990)</a>. <a href="#2" class="mim-tip-reference" title="Basel-Vanagaite, L., Yilmaz, R., Tang, S., Reuter, M. S., Rahner, N., Grange, D. K., Mortenson, M., Koty, P., Feenstra, H., Farwell Gonzalez, K. D., Sticht, H., Boddaert, N., Desir, J., Anyane-Yeboa, K., Zweier, C., Reis, A., Kubisch, C., Jewett, T., Zeng, W., Borck, G. <strong>Expanding the clinical and mutational spectrum of Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome with biallelic UBE3B mutations.</strong> Hum. Genet. 133: 939-949, 2014.[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24615390/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">24615390</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-014-1436-2" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'destination': 'Publisher'})">Full Text</a>]" pmid="24615390">Basel-Vanagaite et al. (2014)</a> stated that their findings brought the number of reported KOS patients to 12 and expanded the clinical and mutational spectrum of the disorder. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=24615390+14556252+1694631" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign mim-tip-hint" title="Click this 'reference-plus' icon to see articles related to this paragraph in PubMed."></span></a></p>
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Basel-Vanagaite, L., Dallapiccola, B., Ramirez-Solis, R., Segref, A., Thiele, H., Edwards, A., Arends, M. J., Miro, X., White, J. K., Desir, J., Abramowicz, M., Dentici, M. L., and 24 others.
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<strong>Deficiency for the ubiquitin ligase UBE3B in a blepharophimosis-ptosis-intellectual-disability syndrome.</strong>
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Am. J. Hum. Genet. 91: 998-1010, 2012.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23200864/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23200864</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23200864[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23200864" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.011" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Basel-Vanagaite, L., Yilmaz, R., Tang, S., Reuter, M. S., Rahner, N., Grange, D. K., Mortenson, M., Koty, P., Feenstra, H., Farwell Gonzalez, K. D., Sticht, H., Boddaert, N., Desir, J., Anyane-Yeboa, K., Zweier, C., Reis, A., Kubisch, C., Jewett, T., Zeng, W., Borck, G.
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<strong>Expanding the clinical and mutational spectrum of Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome with biallelic UBE3B mutations.</strong>
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Hum. Genet. 133: 939-949, 2014.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24615390/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">24615390</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=24615390" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-014-1436-2" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Briscioli, V., Manoukian, S., Selicorni, A., Livini, E., Lalatta, F.
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<strong>Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome in a girl of 15 years.</strong>
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320580106" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Briscioli, V., Selicorni, A., Livini, E., Piguzzi, M. T., Lalatta, F.
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<strong>Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome in a 15 year old girl. (Abstract)</strong>
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Buntinx, I., Majewski, F.
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<strong>Blepharophimosis, iris coloboma, microgenia, hearing loss, postaxial polydactyly, aplasia of corpus callosum, hydroureter, and developmental delay.</strong>
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Am. J. Med. Genet. 36: 273-274, 1990.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1694631/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">1694631</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=1694631" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320360304" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Dentici, M. L., Mingarelli, R., Dallapiccola, B.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21567902/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">21567902</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=21567902" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.33642" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8275567/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">8275567</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=8275567" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.1993.tb03855.x" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Flex, E., Ciolfi, A., Caputo, V., Fodale, V., Leoni, C., Melis, D., Bedeschi, M. F., Mazzanti, L., Pizzuti, A., Tartaglia, M., Zampino, G.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23687348/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">23687348</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=23687348[PMID]&report=imagesdocsum" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Image', 'domain': 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">images</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23687348" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/112864/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">112864</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=112864" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320030106" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5006210/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">5006210</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=5006210" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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Toriello, H. V., Carey, J. C., Addor, M.-C., Allen, W., Burke, L., Chun, N., Dobyns, W., Elias, E., Gallagher, R., Hordijk, R., Hoyme, G., Irons, M., and 13 others.
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<strong>Toriello-Carey syndrome: delineation and review.</strong>
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Am. J. Med. Genet. 123A: 84-90, 2003.
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[PubMed: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14556252/" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">14556252</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=14556252" target="_blank" onclick="gtag('event', 'mim_outbound', {'name': 'PubMed Related', 'domain': 'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'})">related citations</a>]
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[<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.20493" target="_blank">Full Text</a>]
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Anne M. Stumpf - updated : 06/03/2022
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Victor A. McKusick : 6/3/1986
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alopez : 09/06/2022<br>alopez : 06/03/2022<br>carol : 01/15/2019<br>carol : 04/25/2018<br>carol : 08/25/2016<br>carol : 04/09/2015<br>carol : 4/8/2015<br>carol : 3/3/2015<br>carol : 11/11/2013<br>mgross : 3/17/2004<br>mark : 8/21/1995<br>mimadm : 2/19/1994<br>carol : 10/20/1993<br>carol : 10/19/1993<br>supermim : 3/16/1992<br>supermim : 3/20/1990
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<strong>#</strong> 244450
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KAUFMAN OCULOCEREBROFACIAL SYNDROME; KOS
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BLEPHAROPHIMOSIS-PTOSIS-INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY SYNDROME; BPIDS
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<strong>SNOMEDCT:</strong> 722056009;
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<strong>ORPHA:</strong> 2707;
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<strong>DO:</strong> 0111456;
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<strong>Phenotype-Gene Relationships</strong>
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Location
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Phenotype
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Phenotype <br /> MIM number
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Inheritance
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12q24.11
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Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome
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<span class="mim-font">
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244450
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Autosomal recessive
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3
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UBE3B
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608047
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<p>A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome (KOS) is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the UBE3B gene (608047) on chromosome 12q24.</p>
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<strong>Description</strong>
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<p>Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome (KOS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by distinct craniofacial features, hypotonia, failure to thrive, eye abnormalities, other congenital malformations, low cholesterol levels, and severe intellectual disability (summary by Basel-Vanagaite et al., 2014). </p>
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<p>Kaufman et al. (1971) described a distinctive syndrome in 4 of 7 sibs. Significant positive and negative features included intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly with mental retardation but no gross neurologic abnormalities or seizures, hypertelorism with epicanthi, ptosis of the eyelids, upslanted palpebral fissures, microcornea with pale optic discs, sparse and laterally broad eyebrows, flat philtrum, congenital hypotonia, micrognathia with neonatal respiratory distress, high and narrow palate, lordosis, constipation, and flat feet. </p><p>Jurenka and Evans (1979) reported a sporadic case, and Garcia-Cruz et al. (1988) described a case. </p><p>Buntinx and Majewski (1990) reported a child, born to nonconsanguineous parents, with what the authors considered to be a novel phenotype. The boy's neonatal period was complicated by poor suck and hypotonia. At age 6 months, he had severe developmental delay, bilateral conductive hearing loss, and an unusual facial appearance including prominent forehead, large anterior fontanel, blepharophimosis-epicanthus, upslanted palpebral fissures, iris coloboma, short nose, anteverted nostrils, low-set, posteriorly angulated, round ears with narrow external meati, microgenia, highly arched palate, and thick frenulum of the upper lip. He also had postaxial polydactyly of both hands. There were no abnormalities of hair, nails, skin, or genitals. Brain imaging showed aplasia of the corpus callosum. Basel-Vanagaite et al. (2014) identified compound heterozygous mutations in the UBE3B gene in this patient; see MOLECULAR GENETICS. </p><p>Figuera et al. (1993) reported Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome in 2 unrelated Mexican girls, aged 14 months and 6 years. Both showed psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, blepharophimosis, and delayed growth as the main features. The infant also showed preauricular tags and large clitoris. </p><p>Dentici et al. (2011) described 2 Italian sibs, a 6-year-old girl and an 18-month-old boy, who presented with overlapping clinical findings. Major characteristics included facial dysmorphism with upward slanting palpebral fissures, blepharophimosis, telecanthus, hypertelorism, posteriorly rotated and abnormal ears, and micrognathia. Ectodermal abnormalities consisted of fine hair, sparse eyebrows, and thin skin. Both sibs had feeding difficulties with gastroesophageal reflux and growth retardation with microcephaly. Psychomotor skills were severely delayed with no verbal capacity. The brother displayed low growth hormone levels, whereas the sister had low cholesterol and mildly elevated TSH levels. Additional features included renal anomalies, axial hypotonia, and abnormal neurologic findings. </p><p>Basel-Vanagaite et al. (2012) described 4 affected individuals from 3 unrelated families, including the family reported by Dentici et al. (2011), with blepharophimosis, ptosis, mild upslanting of the palpebral fissures, epicanthus, ectodermal anomalies, developmental delay, and severe intellectual disability with absent speech. Proportionate growth retardation with a small head circumference/microcephaly, congenital malformations, muscular hypotonia, and anomalies on brain imaging with hypoplasia of the corpus callosum were variably present. Three of the 4 affected individuals had low cholesterol levels. Basel-Vanagaite et al. (2012) referred to the disorder as blepharophimosis-ptosis-intellectual-disability syndrome (BPIDS). </p><p>Basel-Vanagaite et al. (2014) reported 6 patients with KOS from 5 unrelated families and reviewed the 6 previously reported patients. They concluded that UBE3B mutations cause a clinically recognizable and possibly underdiagnosed syndrome characterized by distinct craniofacial features, hypotonia, failure to thrive, eye abnormalities, other congenital malformations, low cholesterol levels, and severe intellectual disability. They noted phenotypic overlap with Toriello-Carey syndrome (217980), also known as agenesis of the corpus callosum with facial anomalies and Pierre-Robin sequence. The characteristic craniofacial features of KOS include arched, sparse, and laterally flared eyebrows, blepharophimosis with epicanthal folds with or without ptosis, flat zygomata, characteristic nasal shape with relatively narrow nasal bridge and broad nasal base, flat philtrum (long or short), thin lips, especially the upper lip, and small mouth. Ears are often apparently low-set, with over-folded helices or cupping, small earlobes, and in some instances underdeveloped ear crus. With advancing age the face becomes more elongated, the palpebral fissures become upslanting, and in some patients the lip vermilion becomes more everted. One adult had a long chin and very thick alae nasi with narrow nares. One patient with mild and atypical facial features was reported. </p><p><strong><em>Possible Heterogeneity</em></strong></p><p>
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Briscioli et al. (1995) described a girl (previously reported in abstract by Briscioli et al., 1991) with severe mental retardation, microcephaly, long narrow face, ocular anomalies, and long, thin hands and feet. The diagnosis of Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome was not made until she was 15 years old. The authors commented on the difficulties in making the diagnosis in childhood. Flex et al. (2013) did not find a causative mutation in the UBE3B gene in the patient reported by Briscioli et al. (1995). They further noted that the phenotype in this patient was distinctive for the lack of blepharophimosis, reduced corneal diameter, ear anomalies, micrognathia, and significant neonatal feeding problems. </p>
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<strong>Inheritance</strong>
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<p>The transmission pattern of KOS in the patients reported by Basel-Vanagaite et al. (2012) was consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. </p>
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<strong>Molecular Genetics</strong>
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<p>Basel-Vanagaite et al. (2012) performed exome sequencing of 2 unrelated individuals with Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome and identified the UBE3B gene as the only gene with rare or unique biallelic damaging variants in both individuals. Individual 1 had a homozygous splice site mutation (c.1741+2T-C; 608047.0001), which was present in heterozygous state in her unaffected first-cousin parents. Individual 2 and her affected brother from the family reported by Dentici et al. (2011) had a maternally inherited deletion (c.2223_2224delAG; 608047.0002) and a paternally inherited splice site mutation (c.545-2AG; 608047.0003). All 3 of these mutations introduce premature termination codons and are thus expected to result in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and/or protein truncation. By sequencing the coding exons of the UBE3B gene in a fourth affected individual, Basel-Vanagaite et al. (2012) detected another homozygous mutation (E727P; 608047.0004), which was present in heterozygous state in her unaffected first-cousin parents. None of the mutations were present in 100 ethnically matched control individuals or in the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project database. </p><p>Basel-Vanagaite et al. (2014) reported 6 patients from 5 unrelated families with KOS and homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the UBE3B gene. They identified homozygous missense mutations in cis outside the HECT domain (608047.0005) in a patient with mildly dysmorphic facial features, a homozygous missense mutation (G779R; 608047.0006) in sibs previously diagnosed with Toriello-Carey syndrome (217980) reported by Toriello et al. (2003), and compound heterozygosity (608047.0007; 608047.0008) in a patient previously reported as having a possibly novel disorder by Buntinx and Majewski (1990). Basel-Vanagaite et al. (2014) stated that their findings brought the number of reported KOS patients to 12 and expanded the clinical and mutational spectrum of the disorder. </p>
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<strong>REFERENCES</strong>
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Basel-Vanagaite, L., Dallapiccola, B., Ramirez-Solis, R., Segref, A., Thiele, H., Edwards, A., Arends, M. J., Miro, X., White, J. K., Desir, J., Abramowicz, M., Dentici, M. L., and 24 others.
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<strong>Deficiency for the ubiquitin ligase UBE3B in a blepharophimosis-ptosis-intellectual-disability syndrome.</strong>
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Am. J. Hum. Genet. 91: 998-1010, 2012.
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[PubMed: 23200864]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.011]
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Basel-Vanagaite, L., Yilmaz, R., Tang, S., Reuter, M. S., Rahner, N., Grange, D. K., Mortenson, M., Koty, P., Feenstra, H., Farwell Gonzalez, K. D., Sticht, H., Boddaert, N., Desir, J., Anyane-Yeboa, K., Zweier, C., Reis, A., Kubisch, C., Jewett, T., Zeng, W., Borck, G.
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<strong>Expanding the clinical and mutational spectrum of Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome with biallelic UBE3B mutations.</strong>
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Hum. Genet. 133: 939-949, 2014.
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[PubMed: 24615390]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-014-1436-2]
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Briscioli, V., Manoukian, S., Selicorni, A., Livini, E., Lalatta, F.
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<strong>Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome in a girl of 15 years.</strong>
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Am. J. Med. Genet. 58: 21-23, 1995.
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[PubMed: 7573151]
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[Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320580106]
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Briscioli, V., Selicorni, A., Livini, E., Piguzzi, M. T., Lalatta, F.
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<strong>Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome in a 15 year old girl. (Abstract)</strong>
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Am. J. Hum. Genet. 49 (suppl.): 146 only, 1991.
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Buntinx, I., Majewski, F.
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<strong>Blepharophimosis, iris coloboma, microgenia, hearing loss, postaxial polydactyly, aplasia of corpus callosum, hydroureter, and developmental delay.</strong>
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Am. J. Med. Genet. 36: 273-274, 1990.
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[PubMed: 1694631]
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Figuera, L. E., Garcia-Cruz, D., Ramirez-Duenas, M. L., Rivera-Robles, V., Cantu, J. M.
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Flex, E., Ciolfi, A., Caputo, V., Fodale, V., Leoni, C., Melis, D., Bedeschi, M. F., Mazzanti, L., Pizzuti, A., Tartaglia, M., Zampino, G.
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Garcia-Cruz, D., Arreola, R., Sanchez-Corona, J., Garcia-Cruz, O., Renteria, R., Villar, V., Gonzalez, M. E., Vargas-Moyeda, E., Cantu, J. M.
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Kaufman, R., Rimoin, D. L., Prensky, A. L., Sly, W. S.
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Toriello, H. V., Carey, J. C., Addor, M.-C., Allen, W., Burke, L., Chun, N., Dobyns, W., Elias, E., Gallagher, R., Hordijk, R., Hoyme, G., Irons, M., and 13 others.
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