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<div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox412743" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 412743</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="1" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox412743" value="412743" /><span>1.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/412743" ref="ordinalpos=1&amp;ncbi_uid=412743&amp;link_uid=412743">Hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical, susceptibility to, 1</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure caused by platelet thrombi in the microcirculation of the kidney and other organs. The onset of atypical HUS (aHUS) ranges from the neonatal period to adulthood. Genetic aHUS accounts for an estimated 60% of all aHUS. Individuals with genetic aHUS frequently experience relapse even after complete recovery following the presenting episode; 60% of genetic aHUS progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>412743</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2749604</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2749604%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=412743" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=412743" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/235400" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=412743" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox19244" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 19244</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="2" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox19244" value="19244" /><span>2.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/19244" ref="ordinalpos=2&amp;ncbi_uid=19244&amp;link_uid=19244">Phenylketonuria</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency results in intolerance to the dietary intake of the essential amino acid phenylalanine and produces a spectrum of disorders. The risk of adverse outcome varies based on the degree of PAH deficiency. Without effective therapy, most individuals with severe PAH deficiency, known as classic PKU, develop profound and irreversible intellectual disability. Affected individuals on an unrestricted diet who have phenylalanine levels above normal but below 1,200 µmol/L (20 mg/dL) are at much lower risk for impaired cognitive development in the absence of treatment. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>19244</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0031485</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0031485%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=19244" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=19244" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/261600" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=19244" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox414549" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 414549</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="3" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox414549" value="414549" /><span>3.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/414549" ref="ordinalpos=3&amp;ncbi_uid=414549&amp;link_uid=414549">Epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 8</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Any generalized epilepsy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CASR gene. [from <a title="Monarch Initiative" href="https://monarchinitiative.org/" class="defSource" target="_blank">MONDO</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>414549</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2752062</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2752062%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=414549" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=414549" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/612899" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><span class="inactive"><i>GeneReviews</i></span></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox66323" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 66323</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="4" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox66323" value="66323" /><span>4.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/66323" ref="ordinalpos=4&amp;ncbi_uid=66323&amp;link_uid=66323">Biotinidase deficiency</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized primarily by cutaneous and neurologic abnormalities. Symptoms result from the patient's inability to reutilize biotin, a necessary nutrient. Sweetman (1981) recognized that multiple carboxylase deficiency could be classified into early (see 253270) and late forms. The early form showed higher urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and 3-hydroxypropionic acid than the late form and was associated with normal plasma biotin concentrations. Sweetman (1981) proposed a defect in holocarboxylase synthetase and intestinal biotin absorption, respectively.&#13; Some patients with biotinidase deficiency present in infancy (Baumgartner et al., 1985; Kalayci et al., 1994), and some individuals with this deficiency are asymptomatic (Wolf et al., 1997). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66323</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0220754</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0220754%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=66323" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=66323" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/253260" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=66323" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox57667" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 57667</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="5" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox57667" value="57667" /><span>5.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/57667" ref="ordinalpos=5&amp;ncbi_uid=57667&amp;link_uid=57667">Adrenoleukodystrophy</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) involves the central or peripheral nervous system and the adrenal cortex. The nervous system and adrenal glands are involved independently; thus, an affected male may be diagnosed with cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD), adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), and/or primary adrenocortical insufficiency. CALD is characterized by progressive behavioral, cognitive, and neurologic deficits; onset of symptoms ranges from childhood (typically ages 4 to 8 years) to adolescence (ages 11 to 21 years) and adulthood. AMN is characterized by leg weakness, spasticity, clumsy gait, pain, and bladder and bowel dysfunction; onset is typically in the 20s and 30s. Onset of primary adrenocortical insufficiency ranges from age two years to adulthood (most commonly by age 7.5 years). Heterozygous females are not at increased risk to develop CALD, but are at increased risk to develop AMN and primary adrenocortical insufficiency with increasing age. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57667</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0162309</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0162309%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=57667" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=57667" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/300100" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=57667" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox75692" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 75692</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="6" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox75692" value="75692" /><span>6.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/75692" ref="ordinalpos=6&amp;ncbi_uid=75692&amp;link_uid=75692">Ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency can occur as a severe neonatal-onset disease in males (but rarely in females) and as a post-neonatal-onset (also known as "late-onset" or partial deficiency) disease in males and females. Males with severe neonatal-onset OTC deficiency are asymptomatic at birth but become symptomatic from hyperammonemia in the first week of life, most often on day two to three of life, and are usually catastrophically ill by the time they come to medical attention. After successful treatment of neonatal hyperammonemic coma these infants can easily become hyperammonemic again despite appropriate treatment; they typically require liver transplant to improve quality of life. Males and heterozygous females with post-neonatal-onset (partial) OTC deficiency can present from infancy to later childhood, adolescence, or adulthood. No matter how mild the disease, a hyperammonemic crisis can be precipitated by stressors and become a life-threatening event at any age and in any situation in life. For all individuals with OTC deficiency, typical neuropsychological complications include developmental delay, learning disabilities, intellectual disability, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and executive function deficits. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75692</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268542</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0268542%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=75692" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=75692" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/311250" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=75692" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox1648491" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 1648491</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="7" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox1648491" value="1648491" /><span>7.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/1648491" ref="ordinalpos=7&amp;ncbi_uid=1648491&amp;link_uid=1648491">Citrullinemia type I</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Citrullinemia type I (CTLN1) presents as a spectrum that includes a neonatal acute form (the "classic" form), a milder late-onset form (the "non-classic" form), a form in which women have onset of symptoms at pregnancy or post partum, and a form without symptoms or hyperammonemia. Distinction between the forms is based primarily on clinical findings, although emerging evidence suggests that measurement of residual argininosuccinate synthase enzyme activity may help to predict those who are likely to have a severe phenotype and those who are likely to have an attenuated phenotype. Infants with the acute neonatal form appear normal at birth. Shortly thereafter, they develop hyperammonemia and become progressively lethargic, feed poorly, often vomit, and may develop signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Without prompt intervention, hyperammonemia and the accumulation of other toxic metabolites (e.g., glutamine) result in increased ICP, increased neuromuscular tone, spasticity, ankle clonus, seizures, loss of consciousness, and death. Children with the severe form who are treated promptly may survive for an indeterminate period of time, but usually with significant neurologic deficits. Even with chronic protein restriction and scavenger therapy, long-term complications such as liver failure and other (rarely reported) organ system manifestations are possible. The late-onset form may be milder than that seen in the acute neonatal form, but commences later in life for reasons that are not completely understood. The episodes of hyperammonemia are similar to those seen in the acute neonatal form, but the initial neurologic findings may be more subtle because of the older age of the affected individuals. Women with onset of severe symptoms including acute hepatic decompensation during pregnancy or in the postpartum period have been reported. Furthermore, previously asymptomatic and non-pregnant individuals have been described who remained asymptomatic up to at least age ten years, with the possibility that they could remain asymptomatic lifelong. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648491</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4721769</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4721769%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1648491" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=1648491" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/215700" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=1648491" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox44131" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 44131</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="8" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox44131" value="44131" /><span>8.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/44131" ref="ordinalpos=8&amp;ncbi_uid=44131&amp;link_uid=44131">Galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase deficiency</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Krabbe disease comprises a spectrum ranging from infantile-onset disease (i.e., onset of extreme irritability, spasticity, and developmental delay before age 12 months) to later-onset disease (i.e., onset of manifestations after age 12 months and as late as the seventh decade). Although historically 85%-90% of symptomatic individuals with Krabbe disease diagnosed by enzyme activity alone have infantile-onset Krabbe disease and 10%-15% have later-onset Krabbe disease, the experience with newborn screening (NBS) suggests that the proportion of individuals with possible later-onset Krabbe disease is higher than previously thought. Infantile-onset Krabbe disease is characterized by normal development in the first few months followed by rapid severe neurologic deterioration; the average age of death is 24 months (range 8 months to 9 years). Later-onset Krabbe disease is much more variable in its presentation and disease course. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44131</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0023521</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0023521%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=44131" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=44131" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/245200" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=44131" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox78688" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 78688</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="9" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox78688" value="78688" /><span>9.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/78688" ref="ordinalpos=9&amp;ncbi_uid=78688&amp;link_uid=78688">Arginase deficiency</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Arginase deficiency in untreated individuals is characterized by episodic hyperammonemia of variable degree that is infrequently severe enough to be life threatening or to cause death. Most commonly, birth and early childhood are normal. Untreated individuals have slowing of linear growth at age one to three years, followed by development of spasticity, plateauing of cognitive development, and subsequent loss of developmental milestones. If untreated, arginase deficiency usually progresses to severe spasticity, loss of ambulation, complete loss of bowel and bladder control, and severe intellectual disability. Seizures are common and are usually controlled easily. Individuals treated from birth, either as a result of newborn screening or having an affected older sib, appear to have minimal symptoms. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78688</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268548</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0268548%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=78688" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=78688" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/207800" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=78688" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox199606" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 199606</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="10" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox199606" value="199606" /><span>10.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/199606" ref="ordinalpos=10&amp;ncbi_uid=199606&amp;link_uid=199606">Classic homocystinuria</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Homocystinuria caused by cystathionine ß-synthase (CBS) deficiency is characterized by involvement of the eye (ectopia lentis and/or severe myopia), skeletal system (excessive height, long limbs, scolioisis, and pectus excavatum), vascular system (thromboembolism), and CNS (developmental delay/intellectual disability). All four ? or only one ? of the systems can be involved; expressivity is variable for all of the clinical signs. It is not unusual for a previously asymptomatic individual to present in adult years with only a thromboembolic event that is often cerebrovascular. Two phenotypic variants are recognized, B6-responsive homocystinuria and B6-non-responsive homocystinuria. B6-responsive homocystinuria is usually milder than the non-responsive variant. Thromboembolism is the major cause of early death and morbidity. IQ in individuals with untreated homocystinuria ranges widely, from 10 to 138. In B6-responsive individuals the mean IQ is 79 versus 57 for those who are B6-non-responsive. Other features that may occur include: seizures, psychiatric problems, extrapyramidal signs (e.g., dystonia), hypopigmentation of the skin and hair, malar flush, livedo reticularis, and pancreatitis. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>199606</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0751202</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0751202%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=199606" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=199606" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/236200" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=199606" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox78687" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 78687</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="11" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox78687" value="78687" /><span>11.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/78687" ref="ordinalpos=11&amp;ncbi_uid=78687&amp;link_uid=78687">Argininosuccinate lyase deficiency</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Deficiency of argininosuccinate lyase (ASL), the enzyme that cleaves argininosuccinic acid to produce arginine and fumarate in the fourth step of the urea cycle, may present as a severe neonatal-onset form or a late-onset form: The severe neonatal-onset form is characterized by hyperammonemia within the first few days after birth that can manifest as increasing lethargy, somnolence, refusal to feed, vomiting, tachypnea, and respiratory alkalosis. Absence of treatment leads to worsening lethargy, seizures, coma, and even death. In contrast, the manifestations of late-onset form range from episodic hyperammonemia triggered by acute infection or stress to cognitive impairment, behavioral abnormalities, and/or learning disabilities in the absence of any documented episodes of hyperammonemia. Manifestations of ASL deficiency that appear to be unrelated to the severity or duration of hyperammonemic episodes: Neurocognitive deficiencies (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, developmental delay, seizures, and learning disability). Liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis). Trichorrhexis nodosa (coarse brittle hair that breaks easily). Systemic hypertension. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78687</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268547</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0268547%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=78687" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=78687" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/207900" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=78687" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox75694" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 75694</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="12" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox75694" value="75694" /><span>12.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/75694" ref="ordinalpos=12&amp;ncbi_uid=75694&amp;link_uid=75694">Propionic acidemia</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">The spectrum of propionic acidemia (PA) ranges from neonatal onset to late-onset disease. Neonatal-onset PA, the most common form, is characterized by a healthy newborn with poor feeding and decreased arousal in the first few days of life, followed by progressive encephalopathy of unexplained origin. Without prompt diagnosis (often through newborn screening) and management, this is followed by progressive encephalopathy manifesting as lethargy, seizures, or coma that can result in death. It is frequently accompanied by metabolic acidosis with anion gap, lactic acidosis, ketonuria, hypoglycemia, hyperammonemia, and cytopenias. Individuals with late-onset PA may remain asymptomatic and suffer a metabolic crisis under catabolic stress (e.g., illness, surgery, fasting) or may experience a more insidious onset with the development of multiorgan complications including vomiting, protein intolerance, failure to thrive, hypotonia, developmental delays or regression, movement disorders, or cardiomyopathy. Isolated cardiomyopathy can be observed on rare occasions in the absence of clinical metabolic decompensation or neurocognitive deficits. Manifestations of neonatal-onset and late-onset PA over time can include growth impairment, intellectual disability, seizures, basal ganglia lesions, pancreatitis, cardiomyopathy, and chronic kidney disease. Other rarely reported complications include optic atrophy, sensorineural hearing loss, and premature ovarian insufficiency. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75694</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268579</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0268579%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=75694" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=75694" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/606054" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=75694" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox7734" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 7734</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="13" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox7734" value="7734" /><span>13.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/7734" ref="ordinalpos=13&amp;ncbi_uid=7734&amp;link_uid=7734">Mucopolysaccharidosis, MPS-II</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II; also known as Hunter syndrome) is an X-linked multisystem disorder characterized by glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation. The vast majority of affected individuals are male; on rare occasion heterozygous females manifest findings. Age of onset, disease severity, and rate of progression vary significantly among affected males. In those with the neuronopathic phenotype, central nervous system (CNS) involvement (manifesting primarily as progressive cognitive deterioration), progressive airway disease, and cardiac disease usually results in death in the first or second decade of life. In those with the non-neuronopathic phenotype, the CNS is minimally or not affected. However, the effect of GAG accumulation on other organ systems can be severe. Survival into the early adult years with normal intelligence is common in the non-neuronopathic phenotype. Additional findings in neuronopathic and non-neuronopathic MPS II include: short stature, macrocephaly with or without communicating hydrocephalus, macroglossia, hoarse voice, conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, dysostosis multiplex, spinal stenosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and hepatosplenomegaly. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7734</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026705</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0026705%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=7734" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=7734" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/309900" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=7734" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox11713" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 11713</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="14" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox11713" value="11713" /><span>14.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/11713" ref="ordinalpos=14&amp;ncbi_uid=11713&amp;link_uid=11713">Tay-Sachs disease</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">HEXA disorders are best considered as a disease continuum based on the amount of residual beta-hexosaminidase A (HEX A) enzyme activity. This, in turn, depends on the molecular characteristics and biological impact of the HEXA pathogenic variants. HEX A is necessary for degradation of GM2 ganglioside; without well-functioning enzymes, GM2 ganglioside builds up in the lysosomes of brain and nerve cells. The classic clinical phenotype is known as Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), characterized by progressive weakness, loss of motor skills beginning between ages three and six months, decreased visual attentiveness, and increased or exaggerated startle response with a cherry-red spot observable on the retina followed by developmental plateau and loss of skills after eight to ten months. Seizures are common by 12 months with further deterioration in the second year of life and death occurring between ages two and three years with some survival to five to seven years. Subacute juvenile TSD is associated with normal developmental milestones until age two years, when the emergence of abnormal gait or dysarthria is noted followed by loss of previously acquired skills and cognitive decline. Spasticity, dysphagia, and seizures are present by the end of the first decade of life, with death within the second decade of life, usually by aspiration. Late-onset TSD presents in older teens or young adults with a slowly progressive spectrum of neurologic symptoms including lower-extremity weakness with muscle atrophy, dysarthria, incoordination, tremor, mild spasticity and/or dystonia, and psychiatric manifestations including acute psychosis. Clinical variability even among affected members of the same family is observed in both the subacute juvenile and the late-onset TSD phenotypes. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11713</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0039373</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0039373%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=11713" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=11713" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/272800" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=11713" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox8083" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 8083</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="15" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox8083" value="8083" /><span>15.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/8083" ref="ordinalpos=15&amp;ncbi_uid=8083&amp;link_uid=8083">Fabry disease</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Fabry disease is the most common of the lysosomal storage disorders and results from deficient activity of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (a-Gal A), leading to progressive lysosomal deposition of globotriaosylceramide and its derivatives in cells throughout the body. The classic form, occurring in males with less than 1% a-Gal A enzyme activity, usually has its onset in childhood or adolescence with periodic crises of severe pain in the extremities (acroparesthesia), the appearance of vascular cutaneous lesions (angiokeratomas), sweating abnormalities (anhidrosis, hypohidrosis, and rarely hyperhidrosis), characteristic corneal and lenticular opacities, and proteinuria. Gradual deterioration of kidney function to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) usually occurs in men in the third to fifth decade. In middle age, most males successfully treated for ESKD develop cardiac and/or cerebrovascular disease, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Heterozygous females typically have milder symptoms at a later age of onset than males. Rarely, females may be relatively asymptomatic throughout a normal life span or may have symptoms as severe as those observed in males with the classic phenotype. In contrast, late-onset forms occur in males with greater than 1% a-Gal A activity. Clinical manifestations include cardiac disease, which usually presents in the sixth to eighth decade with left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and proteinuria; kidney failure, associated with ESKD but without the skin lesions or pain; or cerebrovascular disease presenting as stroke or transient ischemic attack. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>8083</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0002986</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0002986%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=8083" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=8083" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/301500" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=8083" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox439" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 439</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="16" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox439" value="439" /><span>16.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/439" ref="ordinalpos=16&amp;ncbi_uid=439&amp;link_uid=439">Ataxia-telangiectasia syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">The phenotypic spectrum of ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), a multisystem disorder, is a continuum ranging from classic A-T at the severe end and variant A-T at the milder end. Nonetheless, distinguishing between classic A-T and variant A-T on this spectrum helps understand differences in disease course, rate of progression, and life expectancy. Classic A-T is characterized by childhood onset of progressive neurologic manifestations (initially cerebellar ataxia, followed typically by extrapyramidal involvement and peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy), immunodeficiency (variably associated with abnormalities of humoral immunity, cellular immunity, or combined immune deficiency), pulmonary disease (resulting from recurrent infections, immune deficiency, aspiration, interstitial lung disease, and neurologic abnormalities), and increased risk of malignancy. Although it is generally accepted that intellectual disability is not common in A-T, disturbances in cerebellar as well as non-cerebellar brain areas and networks may result in cognitive deficits. Increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation (x-ray and gamma ray) can result in severe side effects from such treatments. Life expectancy is significantly reduced due to cancer, pulmonary disease, and infections. Variant A-T has a significantly milder disease course. While cerebellar ataxia can be absent, extrapyramidal movement disorders are common (typically dystonia and dystonic tremor) and most individuals have manifestations of axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy. In contrast to classic A-T, immune function is generally normal, respiratory infections are not increased, and pulmonary disease is not a major feature. However, risk of developing malignancies is increased, particularly in premenopausal females who have an increased risk of developing breast cancer and hematologic malignancies. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>439</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0004135</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0004135%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=439" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=439" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/208900" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=439" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox138111" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 138111</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="17" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox138111" value="138111" /><span>17.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/138111" ref="ordinalpos=17&amp;ncbi_uid=138111&amp;link_uid=138111">PMM2-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">PMM2-CDG, the most common of a group of disorders of abnormal glycosylation of N-linked oligosaccharides, is divided into three clinical stages: infantile multisystem, late-infantile and childhood ataxiaintellectual disability, and adult stable disability. The clinical manifestations and course are highly variable, ranging from infants who die in the first year of life to mildly affected adults. Clinical findings tend to be similar in sibs. In the infantile multisystem presentation, infants show axial hypotonia, hyporeflexia, esotropia, and developmental delay. Feeding issues, vomiting, faltering growth, and developmental delay are frequently seen. Subcutaneous fat may be excessive over the buttocks and suprapubic region. Two distinct clinical courses are observed: (1) a nonfatal neurologic course with faltering growth, strabismus, developmental delay, cerebellar hypoplasia, and hepatopathy in infancy followed by neuropathy and retinitis pigmentosa in the first or second decade; and (2) a more severe neurologic-multivisceral course with approximately 20% mortality in the first year of life. The late-infantile and childhood ataxiaintellectual disability stage, which begins between ages three and ten years, is characterized by hypotonia, ataxia, severely delayed language and motor development, inability to walk, and IQ of 40 to 70; other findings include seizures, stroke-like episodes or transient unilateral loss of function, coagulopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, joint contractures, and skeletal deformities. In the adult stable disability stage, intellectual ability is stable; peripheral neuropathy is variable, progressive retinitis pigmentosa and myopia are seen, thoracic and spinal deformities with osteoporosis worsen, and premature aging is observed; females may lack secondary sexual development and males may exhibit decreased testicular volume. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and coagulopathy may occur. The risk for deep venous thrombosis is increased. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>138111</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0349653</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0349653%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=138111" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=138111" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/212065" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=138111" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox344288" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 344288</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="18" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox344288" value="344288" /><span>18.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/344288" ref="ordinalpos=18&amp;ncbi_uid=344288&amp;link_uid=344288">Tuberous sclerosis 1</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) involves abnormalities of the skin (hypomelanotic macules, confetti skin lesions, facial angiofibromas, shagreen patches, fibrous cephalic plaques, ungual fibromas); brain (subependymal nodules, cortical tubers, and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas [SEGAs], seizures, TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorder [TAND]); kidneys (benign renal angiomyolipomas, epithelial cysts, oncocytoma, renal cell carcinoma); heart (rhabdomyomas, arrhythmias); and lungs (lymphangioleiomyomatosis [LAM], multifocal micronodular pneumonocyte hyperplasia). Central nervous system-related problems (including TAND) are the leading cause of morbidity, whereas kidney disease is the leading cause of mortality. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>344288</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854465</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1854465%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=344288" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=344288" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/191100" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=344288" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox8912" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 8912</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="19" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox8912" value="8912" /><span>19.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/8912" ref="ordinalpos=19&amp;ncbi_uid=8912&amp;link_uid=8912">Fragile X syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">FMR1 disorders include fragile X syndrome (FXS), fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), and fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI). Fragile X syndrome occurs in individuals with an FMR1 full mutation or other loss-of-function variant and is nearly always characterized in affected males by developmental delay and intellectual disability along with a variety of behavioral issues. Autism spectrum disorder is present in 50%-70% of individuals with FXS. Affected males may have characteristic craniofacial features (which become more obvious with age) and medical problems including hypotonia, gastroesophageal reflux, strabismus, seizures, sleep disorders, joint laxity, pes planus, scoliosis, and recurrent otitis media. Adults may have mitral valve prolapse or aortic root dilatation. The physical and behavioral features seen in males with FXS have been reported in females heterozygous for the FMR1 full mutation, but with lower frequency and milder involvement. FXTAS occurs in individuals who have an FMR1 premutation and is characterized by late-onset, progressive cerebellar ataxia and intention tremor followed by cognitive impairment. Psychiatric disorders are common. Age of onset is typically between 60 and 65 years and is more common among males who are hemizygous for the premutation (40%) than among females who are heterozygous for the premutation (16%-20%). FXPOI, defined as hypergonadotropic hypogonadism before age 40 years, has been observed in 20% of women who carry a premutation allele compared to 1% in the general population. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>8912</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0016667</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0016667%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=8912" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=8912" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/300624" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=8912" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox61440" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 61440</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="20" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox61440" value="61440" /><span>20.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/61440" ref="ordinalpos=20&amp;ncbi_uid=61440&amp;link_uid=61440">Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">PLP1 disorders of central nervous system myelin formation include a range of phenotypes from Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) to spastic paraplegia 2 (SPG2). PMD typically manifests in infancy or early childhood with nystagmus, hypotonia, and cognitive impairment; the findings progress to severe spasticity and ataxia. Life span is shortened. SPG2 manifests as spastic paraparesis with or without CNS involvement and usually normal life span. Intrafamilial variation of phenotypes can be observed, but the signs are usually fairly consistent within families. Heterozygous females may manifest mild-to-moderate signs of the disease. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>61440</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0205711</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0205711%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=61440" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=61440" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/312080" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=61440" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
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<p class="address_footer text-white">National Library of Medicine<br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8600 Rockville Pike<br />
Bethesda, MD 20894</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white">FOIA</a><br />
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white" id="vdp">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p>
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<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white">Careers</a></p>
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<nav class="bottom-links">
<ul class="mt-3">
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a>
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<a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a>
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<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
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</nav>
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