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<div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox7858" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 7858</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="1" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox7858" value="7858" /><span>1.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/7858" ref="ordinalpos=1&amp;ncbi_uid=7858&amp;link_uid=7858">Acrocephalosyndactyly type I</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Apert syndrome is characterized by the presence of multisuture craniosynostosis, <b>midface retrusion</b>, and syndactyly of the hands with fusion of the second through fourth nails. Almost all affected individuals have coronal craniosynostosis, and a majority also have involvement of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures. The midface in Apert syndrome is underdeveloped as well as retruded; a subset of affected individuals have cleft palate. The hand in Apert syndrome always includes fusion of the middle three digits; the thumb and fifth finger are sometimes also involved. Feeding issues, dental abnormalities, hearing loss, hyperhidrosis, and progressive synostosis of multiple bones (skull, hands, feet, carpus, tarsus, and cervical vertebrae) are also common. Multilevel airway obstruction may be present and can be due to narrowing of the nasal passages, tongue-based airway obstruction, and/or tracheal anomalies. Nonprogressive ventriculomegaly is present in a majority of individuals, with a small subset having true hydrocephalus. Most individuals with Apert syndrome have normal intelligence or mild intellectual disability; moderate-to-severe intellectual disability has been reported in some individuals. A minority of affected individuals have structural cardiac abnormalities, true gastrointestinal malformations, and anomalies of the genitourinary tract. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7858</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0001193</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0001193%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=7858" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=7858" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/101200" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=7858" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox810955" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 810955</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="2" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox810955" value="810955" /><span>2.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/810955" ref="ordinalpos=2&amp;ncbi_uid=810955&amp;link_uid=810955">Stickler syndrome type 1</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Stickler syndrome is a connective tissue disorder that can include ocular findings of myopia, cataract, and retinal detachment; hearing loss that is both conductive and sensorineural; midfacial underdevelopment and cleft palate (either alone or as part of the Pierre Robin sequence); and early-onset degenerative joint disease. Variable phenotypic expression of Stickler syndrome occurs both within and among families; interfamilial variability is in part explained by locus and allelic heterogeneity. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>810955</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2020284</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2020284%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=810955" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=810955" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/108300" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=810955" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox1289" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 1289</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="3" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox1289" value="1289" /><span>3.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/1289" ref="ordinalpos=3&amp;ncbi_uid=1289&amp;link_uid=1289">Achondroplasia</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Achondroplasia is the most common cause of disproportionate short stature. Affected individuals have rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, macrocephaly, and characteristic facial features with frontal bossing and <b>midface retrusion</b>. In infancy, hypotonia is typical, and acquisition of developmental motor milestones is often both aberrant in pattern and delayed. Intelligence and life span are usually near normal, although craniocervical junction compression increases the risk of death in infancy. Additional complications include obstructive sleep apnea, middle ear dysfunction, kyphosis, and spinal stenosis. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1289</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0001080</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0001080%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1289" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=1289" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/100800" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=1289" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox2562" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 2562</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="4" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox2562" value="2562" /><span>4.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/2562" ref="ordinalpos=4&amp;ncbi_uid=2562&amp;link_uid=2562">Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a growth disorder variably characterized by macroglossia, hemihyperplasia, omphalocele, neonatal hypoglycemia, macrosomia, embryonal tumors (e.g., Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, neuroblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma), visceromegaly, adrenocortical cytomegaly, kidney abnormalities (e.g., medullary dysplasia, nephrocalcinosis, and medullary sponge kidney), and ear creases / posterior helical ear pits. BWS is considered a clinical spectrum, in which affected individuals may have many or only one or two of the characteristic clinical features. Although most individuals with BWS show rapid growth in late fetal development and early childhood, growth rate usually slows by age seven to eight years. Adult heights are typically within the normal range. Hemihyperplasia (also known as lateralized overgrowth) is often appreciated at birth and may become more or less evident over time. Hemihyperplasia may affect segmental regions of the body or selected organs and tissues. Hemihyperplasia may be limited to one side of the body (ipsilateral) or involve opposite sides of the body (contralateral). Macroglossia is generally present at birth and can obstruct breathing or interfere with feeding in infants. Neonatal hypoglycemia occurs in approximately 50% of infants with BWS; most episodes are mild and transient. However, in some cases, persistent hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism may require consultation with an endocrinologist for therapeutic intervention. With respect to the increased risk for embryonal tumor development, the risk for Wilms tumor appears to be concentrated in the first seven years of life, whereas the risk for developing hepatoblastoma is concentrated in the first three to four years of life. Cognitive and neurobehavioral development is usually normal. After childhood, prognosis is generally favorable, although some adults experience issues requiring medical management (e.g., for renal or skeletal concerns). [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2562</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0004903</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0004903%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=2562" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=2562" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/130650" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=2562" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox7467" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 7467</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="5" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox7467" value="7467" /><span>5.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/7467" ref="ordinalpos=5&amp;ncbi_uid=7467&amp;link_uid=7467">Deficiency of alpha-mannosidase</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">The clinical phenotype of alpha-mannosidosis varies considerably, with a wide spectrum of clinical findings and broad variability in individual presentation. At least three clinical types have been suggested in untreated individuals: mild (clinically recognized after age ten years, with myopathy, slow progression, and absence of skeletal abnormalities); moderate (clinically recognized before age ten years, with myopathy, slow progression, and presence of skeletal abnormalities); and severe (obvious progression leading to early death from primary central nervous system involvement or infection). Core features of untreated individuals generally include early childhood-onset non-progressive hearing loss, frequent infections due to immunodeficiency, rheumatologic symptoms (especially systemic lupus erythematosus), developmental delay / intellectual disability, low tone, ataxia, spastic paraplegia, psychiatric findings, bone disease (ranging from asymptomatic osteopenia to focal lytic or sclerotic lesions and osteonecrosis), gastrointestinal dysfunction (including diarrhea, swallowing issues / aspiration, and enlarged liver and spleen), poor growth, eye issues (including tapetoretinal degeneration and optic nerve atrophy), cardiac complications in adults, and pulmonary issues (including parenchymal lung disease). However, with the advent of enzyme replacement therapy, the natural history of this condition may change. Long-term velmanase alfa (VA) treatment outcomes are still being elucidated, but may include improvement in hearing, immunologic profile, and quality of life (improved clinical outcomes for muscle strength). Similarly, affected individuals who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) experienced improvement in development (with preservation of previously learned skills), ability to participate in activities of daily living, stabilization or improvement in skeletal abnormalities, and improvement in hearing ability, although expressive speech and hearing deficiencies remained the most significant clinical problems after HSCT. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7467</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0024748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0024748%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=7467" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=7467" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/248500" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=7467" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox358383" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 358383</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="6" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox358383" value="358383" /><span>6.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/358383" ref="ordinalpos=6&amp;ncbi_uid=358383&amp;link_uid=358383">Thanatophoric dysplasia type 1</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) is a short-limb skeletal dysplasia that is usually lethal in the perinatal period. TD is divided into subtypes: TD type 1 is characterized by micromelia with bowed femurs and, uncommonly, the presence of craniosynostosis of varying severity. TD type 2 is characterized by micromelia with straight femurs and uniform presence of moderate-to-severe craniosynostosis with cloverleaf skull deformity. Other features common to type 1 and type 2 include: short ribs, narrow thorax, relative macrocephaly, distinctive facial features, brachydactyly, hypotonia, and redundant skin folds along the limbs. Most affected infants die of respiratory insufficiency shortly after birth. Rare long-term survivors have been reported. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>358383</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1868678</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1868678%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=358383" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=358383" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/187600" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=358383" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox354620" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 354620</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="7" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox354620" value="354620" /><span>7.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/354620" ref="ordinalpos=7&amp;ncbi_uid=354620&amp;link_uid=354620">Camptomelic dysplasia</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Campomelic dysplasia (CD) is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by distinctive facies, Pierre Robin sequence with cleft palate, shortening and bowing of long bones, and clubfeet. Other findings include laryngotracheomalacia with respiratory compromise and ambiguous genitalia or normal female external genitalia in most individuals with a 46,XY karyotype. Many affected infants die in the neonatal period; additional findings identified in long-term survivors include short stature, cervical spine instability with cord compression, progressive scoliosis, and hearing impairment. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>354620</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1861922</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1861922%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=354620" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=354620" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/114290" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=354620" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox59799" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 59799</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="8" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox59799" value="59799" /><span>8.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/59799" ref="ordinalpos=8&amp;ncbi_uid=59799&amp;link_uid=59799">Williams syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Williams syndrome (WS) is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability (usually mild), a specific cognitive profile, unique personality characteristics, cardiovascular disease (supravalvar aortic stenosis, peripheral pulmonary stenosis, hypertension), connective tissue abnormalities, growth deficiency, endocrine abnormalities (early puberty, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, hypothyroidism), and distinctive facies. Hypotonia and hyperextensible joints can result in delayed attainment of motor milestones. Feeding difficulties often lead to poor weight gain in infancy. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>59799</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0175702</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0175702%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=59799" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=59799" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/194050" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=59799" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox46123" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 46123</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="9" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox46123" value="46123" /><span>9.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/46123" ref="ordinalpos=9&amp;ncbi_uid=46123&amp;link_uid=46123">Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is characterized by clinical features that typically develop in childhood and resemble some features of accelerated aging. Children with HGPS usually appear normal at birth. Profound failure to thrive occurs during the first year. Characteristic facial features include head that is disproportionately large for the face, narrow nasal ridge, narrow nasal tip, thin vermilion of the upper and lower lips, small mouth, and retro- and micrognathia. Common features include loss of subcutaneous fat, delayed eruption and loss of primary teeth, abnormal skin with small outpouchings over the abdomen and upper thighs, alopecia, nail dystrophy, coxa valga, and progressive joint contractures. Later findings include low-frequency conductive hearing loss, dental crowding, and partial lack of secondary tooth eruption. Motor and mental development is normal. Death occurs as a result of complications of severe atherosclerosis, either cardiac disease (myocardial infarction or heart failure) or cerebrovascular disease (stroke), generally between ages six and 20 years (average 14.5 years) without lonafarnib treatment or cardiac surgery intervention. Average life span is extended to approximately 17-19.5 years with lonafarnib therapy. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>46123</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0033300</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0033300%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=46123" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=46123" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/176670" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=46123" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox162881" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 162881</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="10" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox162881" value="162881" /><span>10.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/162881" ref="ordinalpos=10&amp;ncbi_uid=162881&amp;link_uid=162881">Smith-Magenis syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is characterized by distinctive physical features (particularly coarse facial features that progress with age), developmental delay, cognitive impairment, behavioral abnormalities, sleep disturbance, and childhood-onset abdominal obesity. Infants have feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, hypotonia, hyporeflexia, prolonged napping or need to be awakened for feeds, and generalized lethargy. The majority of individuals function in the mild-to-moderate range of intellectual disability. The behavioral phenotype, including significant sleep disturbance, stereotypies, and maladaptive and self-injurious behaviors, is generally not recognized until age 18 months or older and continues to change until adulthood. Sensory issues are frequently noted; these may include avoidant behavior, as well as repetitive seeking of textures, sounds, and experiences. Toileting difficulties are common. Significant anxiety is common as are problems with executive functioning, including inattention, distractibility, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Maladaptive behaviors include frequent outbursts / temper tantrums, attention-seeking behaviors, opposition, aggression, and self-injurious behaviors including self-hitting, self-biting, skin picking, inserting foreign objects into body orifices (polyembolokoilamania), and yanking fingernails and/or toenails (onychotillomania). Among the stereotypic behaviors described, the spasmodic upper-body squeeze or "self-hug" seems to be highly associated with SMS. An underlying developmental asynchrony, specifically emotional maturity delayed beyond intellectual functioning, may also contribute to maladaptive behaviors in people with SMS. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>162881</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0795864</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0795864%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=162881" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=162881" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/182290" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=162881" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox327125" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 327125</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="11" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox327125" value="327125" /><span>11.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/327125" ref="ordinalpos=11&amp;ncbi_uid=327125&amp;link_uid=327125">Holoprosencephaly 3</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Any holoprosencephaly in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SHH gene. [from <a title="Monarch Initiative" href="https://monarchinitiative.org/" class="defSource" target="_blank">MONDO</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>327125</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1840529</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1840529%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=327125" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=327125" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/142945" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=327125" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox6641" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 6641</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="12" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox6641" value="6641" /><span>12.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/6641" ref="ordinalpos=12&amp;ncbi_uid=6641&amp;link_uid=6641">Glycogen storage disease type III</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Glycogen storage disease type III (GSD III) is characterized by variable liver, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle involvement. GSD IIIa is the most common subtype, present in about 85% of affected individuals; it manifests with liver and muscle involvement. GSD IIIb, with liver involvement only, comprises about 15% of all affected individuals. In infancy and early childhood, liver involvement presents as hepatomegaly and failure to thrive, with fasting ketotic hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and elevated hepatic transaminases. In adolescence and adulthood, liver disease becomes less prominent. Most individuals develop cardiac involvement with cardiac hypertrophy and/or cardiomyopathy. Skeletal myopathy manifesting as weakness may be evident in childhood and slowly progresses, typically becoming prominent in the third to fourth decade. The overall prognosis is favorable but cannot be predicted on an individual basis. Long-term complications such as muscular and cardiac symptoms as well as liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma may have a severe impact on prognosis and quality of life. To date, it is unknown if long-term complications can be alleviated and/or avoided by dietary interventions. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6641</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0017922</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0017922%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=6641" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=6641" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/232400" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=6641" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox355217" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 355217</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="13" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox355217" value="355217" /><span>13.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/355217" ref="ordinalpos=13&amp;ncbi_uid=355217&amp;link_uid=355217">Muenke syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Muenke syndrome is characterized by considerable phenotypic variability; features may include coronal synostosis (more often bilateral than unilateral); synostosis of other sutures, all sutures (pan synostosis), or no sutures; or macrocephaly. Bilateral coronal synostosis typically results in brachycephaly, although turribrachycephaly (a "tower-shaped" skull) or a cloverleaf skull can be observed. Unilateral coronal synostosis results in anterior plagiocephaly. Other craniofacial findings typically include temporal bossing, widely spaced eyes, ptosis or mild proptosis, mild <b>midface retrusion</b>, and highly arched palate or cleft lip and palate. Strabismus is common. Other findings can include hearing loss, developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral issues, intracranial anomalies, epilepsy, ocular anomalies, brachydactyly, carpal and/or tarsal bone fusions, broad thumbs and great toes, clinodactyly, and radiographic findings of short and broad middle phalanges and/or cone-shaped epiphyses. Of note, some individuals who have the p.Pro250Arg pathogenic variant may have no signs of Muenke syndrome on physical or radiographic examination. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355217</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1864436</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1864436%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=355217" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=355217" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/602849" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=355217" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox442699" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 442699</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="14" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox442699" value="442699" /><span>14.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/442699" ref="ordinalpos=14&amp;ncbi_uid=442699&amp;link_uid=442699">Polycystic kidney disease 2</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is generally a late-onset multisystem disorder characterized by bilateral kidney cysts, liver cysts, and an increased risk of intracranial aneurysms. Other manifestations include: cysts in the pancreas, seminal vesicles, and arachnoid membrane; dilatation of the aortic root and dissection of the thoracic aorta; mitral valve prolapse; and abdominal wall hernias. Kidney manifestations include early-onset hypertension, kidney pain, and kidney insufficiency. Approximately 50% of individuals with ADPKD have end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) by age 60 years. The prevalence of liver cysts increases with age and occasionally results in clinically significant severe polycystic liver disease (PLD), most often in females. Overall, the prevalence of intracranial aneurysms is fivefold higher than in the general population and further increased in those with a positive family history of aneurysms or subarachnoid hemorrhage. There is substantial variability in the severity of kidney disease and other extra-kidney manifestations. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>442699</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2751306</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2751306%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=442699" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=442699" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/613095" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=442699" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox1162" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 1162</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="15" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox1162" value="1162" /><span>15.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/1162" ref="ordinalpos=15&amp;ncbi_uid=1162&amp;link_uid=1162">Crouzon syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Crouzon syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by craniosynostosis causing secondary alterations of the facial bones and facial structure. Common features include hypertelorism, exophthalmos and external strabismus, parrot-beaked nose, short upper lip, hypoplastic maxilla, and a relative mandibular prognathism (Reardon et al., 1994; Glaser et al., 2000). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1162</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0010273</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0010273%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1162" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=1162" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/123500" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=1162" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox3486" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 3486</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="16" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox3486" value="3486" /><span>16.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/3486" ref="ordinalpos=16&amp;ncbi_uid=3486&amp;link_uid=3486">Cleidocranial dysostosis</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) spectrum disorder is a skeletal dysplasia that represents a clinical continuum ranging from classic CCD (triad of delayed closure of the cranial sutures, hypoplastic or aplastic clavicles, and dental abnormalities), to mild CCD, to isolated dental anomalies without other skeletal features. Individuals with classic CCD spectrum disorder typically have abnormally large, wide-open fontanelles at birth that may remain open throughout life. Clavicular hypoplasia can result in narrow, sloping shoulders that can be opposed at the midline. Moderate short stature may be observed, with most affected individuals being shorter than their unaffected sibs. Dental anomalies may include delayed eruption of secondary dentition, failure to shed the primary teeth, and supernumerary teeth. Individuals with CCD spectrum disorder are at increased risk of developing recurrent sinus infections, recurrent ear infections leading to conductive hearing loss, and upper airway obstruction. Intelligence is typically normal. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3486</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0008928</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0008928%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=3486" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=3486" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/119600" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=3486" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox61234" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 61234</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="17" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox61234" value="61234" /><span>17.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/61234" ref="ordinalpos=17&amp;ncbi_uid=61234&amp;link_uid=61234">Aarskog syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Aarskog-Scott syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the development of many parts of the body, most commonly the head and face, the hands and feet, and the genitals and urinary system (genitourinary tract). This condition mainly affects males, although females may have mild features of the syndrome.<br /><br />People with Aarskog-Scott syndrome often have distinctive facial features, such as widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism), a small nose, a long area between the nose and mouth (philtrum), and a widow's peak hairline. They frequently have mild to moderate short stature during childhood, but their growth usually catches up with that of their peers during puberty. Hand abnormalities are common in this syndrome and include short fingers (brachydactyly), curved pinky fingers (fifth finger clinodactyly), webbing of the skin between some fingers (cutaneous syndactyly), and a single crease across the palm. Affected individuals can also have wide, flat feet with broad, rounded toes. Other abnormalities in people with Aarskog-Scott syndrome include heart defects and a split in the upper lip (cleft lip) with or without an opening in the roof of the mouth (cleft palate).<br /><br />Most males with Aarskog-Scott syndrome have a shawl scrotum, in which the scrotum surrounds the penis instead of hanging below. Less often, they have undescended testes (cryptorchidism) or a soft out-pouching around the belly-button (umbilical hernia) or in the lower abdomen (inguinal hernia).<br /><br />The intellectual development of people with Aarskog-Scott syndrome varies widely. Most individuals with Aarskog-Scott syndrome have normal intelligence; however, some may have mild learning and behavior problems, and in rare cases, severe intellectual disability has been reported. [from <a title="MedlinePlus Genetics" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/" class="defSource" target="_blank">MedlinePlus Genetics</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>61234</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0175701</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0175701%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=61234" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=61234" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/305400" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><span class="inactive"><i>GeneReviews</i></span></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox79470" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 79470</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="18" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox79470" value="79470" /><span>18.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/79470" ref="ordinalpos=18&amp;ncbi_uid=79470&amp;link_uid=79470">Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 1B</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Zellweger spectrum disorder (ZSD) is a phenotypic continuum ranging from severe to mild. While individual phenotypes (e.g., Zellweger syndrome [ZS], neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy [NALD], and infantile Refsum disease [IRD]) were described in the past before the biochemical and molecular bases of this spectrum were fully determined, the term "ZSD" is now used to refer to all individuals with a defect in one of the ZSD-PEX genes regardless of phenotype. Individuals with ZSD usually come to clinical attention in the newborn period or later in childhood. Affected newborns are hypotonic and feed poorly. They have distinctive facies, congenital malformations (neuronal migration defects associated with neonatal-onset seizures, renal cysts, and bony stippling [chondrodysplasia punctata] of the patella[e] and the long bones), and liver disease that can be severe. Infants with severe ZSD are significantly impaired and typically die during the first year of life, usually having made no developmental progress. Individuals with intermediate/milder ZSD do not have congenital malformations, but rather progressive peroxisome dysfunction variably manifest as sensory loss (secondary to retinal dystrophy and sensorineural hearing loss), neurologic involvement (ataxia, polyneuropathy, and leukodystrophy), liver dysfunction, adrenal insufficiency, and renal oxalate stones. While hypotonia and developmental delays are typical, intellect can be normal. Some have osteopenia; almost all have ameleogenesis imperfecta in the secondary teeth. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>79470</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0282527</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0282527%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=79470" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=79470" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/601539" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=79470" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox82795" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 82795</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="19" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox82795" value="82795" /><span>19.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/82795" ref="ordinalpos=19&amp;ncbi_uid=82795&amp;link_uid=82795">Cutis laxa with osteodystrophy</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">ATP6V0A2-related cutis laxa is characterized by generalized cutis laxa, findings associated with generalized connective tissue disorder, developmental delays, and a variety of neurologic findings including abnormality on brain MRI. At birth, hypotonia, overfolded skin, and distinctive facial features are present and enlarged fontanelles are often observed. During childhood, the characteristic facial features and thick or coarse hair may become quite pronounced. The skin findings decrease with age, although easy bruising and Ehlers-Danlos-like scars have been described in some. In most (not all) affected individuals, cortical and cerebellar malformations are observed on brain MRI. Nearly all affected individuals have developmental delays, seizures, and neurologic regression. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82795</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268355</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0268355%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=82795" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=82795" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/219200" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=82795" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox337064" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 337064</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="20" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox337064" value="337064" /><span>20.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/337064" ref="ordinalpos=20&amp;ncbi_uid=337064&amp;link_uid=337064">Oto-palato-digital syndrome, type II</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">The X-linked otopalatodigital (X-OPD) spectrum disorders, characterized primarily by skeletal dysplasia, include the following: Otopalatodigital syndrome type 1 (OPD1). Otopalatodigital syndrome type 2 (OPD2). Frontometaphyseal dysplasia type 1 (FMD1). Melnick-Needles syndrome (MNS). Terminal osseous dysplasia with pigmentary skin defects (TODPD). In OPD1, most manifestations are present at birth; females can present with severity similar to affected males, although some have only mild manifestations. In OPD2, females are less severely affected than related affected males. Most males with OPD2 die during the first year of life, usually from thoracic hypoplasia resulting in pulmonary insufficiency. Males who live beyond the first year of life are usually developmentally delayed and require respiratory support and assistance with feeding. In FMD1, females are less severely affected than related affected males. Males do not experience a progressive skeletal dysplasia but may have joint contractures and hand and foot malformations. Progressive scoliosis is observed in both affected males and females. In MNS, wide phenotypic variability is observed; some individuals are diagnosed in adulthood, while others require respiratory support and have reduced longevity. MNS in males results in perinatal lethality in all recorded cases. TODPD, seen only in females, is characterized by a skeletal dysplasia that is most prominent in the digits, pigmentary defects of the skin, and recurrent digital fibromata. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>337064</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1844696</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1844696%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=337064" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=337064" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/304120" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=337064" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
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<p class="address_footer text-white">National Library of Medicine<br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8600 Rockville Pike<br />
Bethesda, MD 20894</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white">FOIA</a><br />
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white" id="vdp">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p>
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<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white">Careers</a></p>
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<div class="row">
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<nav class="bottom-links">
<ul class="mt-3">
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a>
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<a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
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</ul>
</nav>
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