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<div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox2685" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 2685</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="1" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox2685" value="2685" /><span>1.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/2685" ref="ordinalpos=1&amp;ncbi_uid=2685&amp;link_uid=2685">Bloom syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Bloom syndrome (BSyn) is characterized by severe pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, immune abnormalities, sensitivity to sunlight, insulin resistance, and a high risk for many cancers that occur at an early age. Despite their very small head circumference, most affected individuals have normal intellectual ability. Women may be fertile but often have early menopause, and men tend to be infertile, with only one confirmed case of paternity. Serious medical complications that are more common than in the general population and that also appear at unusually early ages include cancer of a wide variety of types and anatomic sites, diabetes mellitus as a result of insulin resistance, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hypothyroidism. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2685</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0005859</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0005859%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=2685" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=2685" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/210900" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=2685" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox44287" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 44287</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="2" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox44287" value="44287" /><span>2.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/44287" ref="ordinalpos=2&amp;ncbi_uid=44287&amp;link_uid=44287">Marfan syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">FBN1-related Marfan syndrome (Marfan syndrome), a systemic disorder of connective tissue with a high degree of clinical variability, comprises a broad phenotypic continuum ranging from mild (features of Marfan syndrome in one or a few systems) to severe and rapidly progressive neonatal multiorgan disease. Cardinal manifestations involve the ocular, skeletal, and cardiovascular systems. Ocular findings include myopia (&gt;50% of affected individuals); ectopia lentis (seen in approximately 60% of affected individuals); and an increased risk for retinal detachment, glaucoma, and early cataracts. Skeletal system manifestations include bone overgrowth and joint laxity; disproportionately long extremities for the size of the trunk (dolichostenomelia); overgrowth of the ribs that can push the sternum in (pectus excavatum) or out (pectus carinatum); and scoliosis that ranges from mild to severe and progressive. The major morbidity and early mortality in Marfan syndrome relate to the cardiovascular system and include dilatation of the aorta at the level of the sinuses of Valsalva (predisposing to aortic tear and rupture), mitral valve prolapse with or without regurgitation, tricuspid valve prolapse, and enlargement of the proximal pulmonary artery. Severe and prolonged regurgitation of the mitral and/or aortic valve can predispose to left ventricular dysfunction and occasionally heart failure. With proper management, the life expectancy of someone with Marfan syndrome approximates that of the general population. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44287</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0024796</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0024796%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=44287" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=44287" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/154700" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=44287" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox7858" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 7858</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="3" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox7858" value="7858" /><span>3.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/7858" ref="ordinalpos=3&amp;ncbi_uid=7858&amp;link_uid=7858">Acrocephalosyndactyly type I</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Apert syndrome is characterized by the presence of multisuture craniosynostosis, midface retrusion, and syndactyly of the hands with fusion of the second through fourth nails. Almost all affected individuals have coronal craniosynostosis, and a majority also have involvement of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures. The midface in Apert syndrome is underdeveloped as well as retruded; a subset of affected individuals have cleft palate. The hand in Apert syndrome always includes fusion of the middle three digits; the thumb and fifth finger are sometimes also involved. Feeding issues, dental abnormalities, hearing loss, hyperhidrosis, and progressive synostosis of multiple bones (skull, hands, feet, carpus, tarsus, and cervical vertebrae) are also common. Multilevel airway obstruction may be present and can be due to narrowing of the nasal passages, tongue-based airway obstruction, and/or tracheal anomalies. Nonprogressive ventriculomegaly is present in a majority of individuals, with a small subset having true hydrocephalus. Most individuals with Apert syndrome have normal intelligence or mild intellectual disability; moderate-to-severe intellectual disability has been reported in some individuals. A minority of affected individuals have structural cardiac abnormalities, true gastrointestinal malformations, and anomalies of the genitourinary tract. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7858</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0001193</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0001193%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=7858" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=7858" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/101200" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=7858" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox810955" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 810955</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="4" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox810955" value="810955" /><span>4.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/810955" ref="ordinalpos=4&amp;ncbi_uid=810955&amp;link_uid=810955">Stickler syndrome type 1</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Stickler syndrome is a connective tissue disorder that can include ocular findings of myopia, cataract, and retinal detachment; hearing loss that is both conductive and sensorineural; midfacial underdevelopment and cleft palate (either alone or as part of the Pierre Robin sequence); and early-onset degenerative joint disease. Variable phenotypic expression of Stickler syndrome occurs both within and among families; interfamilial variability is in part explained by locus and allelic heterogeneity. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>810955</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2020284</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2020284%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=810955" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=810955" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/108300" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=810955" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox1289" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 1289</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="5" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox1289" value="1289" /><span>5.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/1289" ref="ordinalpos=5&amp;ncbi_uid=1289&amp;link_uid=1289">Achondroplasia</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Achondroplasia is the most common cause of disproportionate short stature. Affected individuals have rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, macrocephaly, and characteristic facial features with frontal bossing and midface retrusion. In infancy, hypotonia is typical, and acquisition of developmental motor milestones is often both aberrant in pattern and delayed. Intelligence and life span are usually near normal, although craniocervical junction compression increases the risk of death in infancy. Additional complications include obstructive sleep apnea, middle ear dysfunction, kyphosis, and spinal stenosis. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1289</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0001080</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0001080%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1289" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=1289" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/100800" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=1289" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox7467" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 7467</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="6" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox7467" value="7467" /><span>6.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/7467" ref="ordinalpos=6&amp;ncbi_uid=7467&amp;link_uid=7467">Deficiency of alpha-mannosidase</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">The clinical phenotype of alpha-mannosidosis varies considerably, with a wide spectrum of clinical findings and broad variability in individual presentation. At least three clinical types have been suggested in untreated individuals: mild (clinically recognized after age ten years, with myopathy, slow progression, and absence of skeletal abnormalities); moderate (clinically recognized before age ten years, with myopathy, slow progression, and presence of skeletal abnormalities); and severe (obvious progression leading to early death from primary central nervous system involvement or infection). Core features of untreated individuals generally include early childhood-onset non-progressive hearing loss, frequent infections due to immunodeficiency, rheumatologic symptoms (especially systemic lupus erythematosus), developmental delay / intellectual disability, low tone, ataxia, spastic paraplegia, psychiatric findings, bone disease (ranging from asymptomatic osteopenia to focal lytic or sclerotic lesions and osteonecrosis), gastrointestinal dysfunction (including diarrhea, swallowing issues / aspiration, and enlarged liver and spleen), poor growth, eye issues (including tapetoretinal degeneration and optic nerve atrophy), cardiac complications in adults, and pulmonary issues (including parenchymal lung disease). However, with the advent of enzyme replacement therapy, the natural history of this condition may change. Long-term velmanase alfa (VA) treatment outcomes are still being elucidated, but may include improvement in hearing, immunologic profile, and quality of life (improved clinical outcomes for muscle strength). Similarly, affected individuals who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) experienced improvement in development (with preservation of previously learned skills), ability to participate in activities of daily living, stabilization or improvement in skeletal abnormalities, and improvement in hearing ability, although expressive speech and hearing deficiencies remained the most significant clinical problems after HSCT. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7467</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0024748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0024748%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=7467" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=7467" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/248500" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=7467" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox75567" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 75567</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="7" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox75567" value="75567" /><span>7.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/75567" ref="ordinalpos=7&amp;ncbi_uid=75567&amp;link_uid=75567">CHARGE syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">CHD7 disorder encompasses the entire phenotypic spectrum of heterozygous CHD7 pathogenic variants that includes CHARGE syndrome as well as subsets of features that comprise the CHARGE syndrome phenotype. The mnemonic CHARGE syndrome, introduced in the premolecular era, stands for coloboma, heart defect, choanal atresia, retarded growth and development, genital hypoplasia, ear anomalies (including deafness). Following the identification of the genetic cause of CHD7 disorder, the phenotypic spectrum expanded to include cranial nerve anomalies, vestibular defects, cleft lip and/or palate, hypothyroidism, tracheoesophageal anomalies, brain anomalies, seizures, and renal anomalies. Life expectancy highly depends on the severity of manifestations; mortality can be high in the first few years when severe birth defects (particularly complex heart defects) are present and often complicated by airway and feeding issues. In childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, decreased life expectancy is likely related to a combination of residual heart defects, infections, aspiration or choking, respiratory issues including obstructive and central apnea, and possibly seizures. Despite these complications, the life expectancy for many individuals can be normal. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75567</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265354</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0265354%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=75567" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=75567" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/214800" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=75567" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox4385" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 4385</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="8" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox4385" value="4385" /><span>8.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/4385" ref="ordinalpos=8&amp;ncbi_uid=4385&amp;link_uid=4385">Down syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Down syndrome is a chromosomal condition that is associated with intellectual disability, a characteristic facial appearance, and weak muscle tone (hypotonia) in infancy. All affected individuals experience cognitive delays, but the intellectual disability is usually mild to moderate.<br /><br />People with Down syndrome often have a characteristic facial appearance that includes a flattened appearance to the face, outside corners of the eyes that point upward (upslanting palpebral fissures), small ears, a short neck, and a tongue that tends to stick out of the mouth. Affected individuals may have a variety of birth defects. Many people with Down syndrome have small hands and feet and a single crease across the palms of the hands. About half of all affected children are born with a heart defect. Digestive abnormalities, such as a blockage of the intestine, are less common.<br /><br />Individuals with Down syndrome have an increased risk of developing several medical conditions. These include gastroesophageal reflux, which is a backflow of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus, and celiac disease, which is an intolerance of a wheat protein called gluten. About 15 percent of people with Down syndrome have an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism). The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ in the lower neck that produces hormones. Individuals with Down syndrome also have an increased risk of hearing and vision problems. Additionally, a small percentage of children with Down syndrome develop cancer of blood-forming cells (leukemia).<br /><br />Delayed development and behavioral problems are often reported in children with Down syndrome. Affected individuals can have growth problems and their speech and language develop later and more slowly than in children without Down syndrome. Additionally, speech may be difficult to understand in individuals with Down syndrome. Behavioral issues can include attention problems, obsessive/compulsive behavior, and stubbornness or tantrums. A small percentage of people with Down syndrome are also diagnosed with developmental conditions called autism spectrum disorders, which affect communication and social interaction.<br /><br />People with Down syndrome often experience a gradual decline in thinking ability (cognition) as they age, usually starting around age 50. Down syndrome is also associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, a brain disorder that results in a gradual loss of memory, judgment, and ability to function. Approximately half of adults with Down syndrome develop Alzheimer's disease. Although Alzheimer's disease is usually a disorder that occurs in older adults, people with Down syndrome commonly develop this condition earlier, in their fifties or sixties. [from <a title="MedlinePlus Genetics" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/" class="defSource" target="_blank">MedlinePlus Genetics</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>4385</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0013080</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0013080%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=4385" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><span class="inactive">Genes</span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/190685" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><span class="inactive"><i>GeneReviews</i></span></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox59799" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 59799</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="9" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox59799" value="59799" /><span>9.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/59799" ref="ordinalpos=9&amp;ncbi_uid=59799&amp;link_uid=59799">Williams syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Williams syndrome (WS) is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability (usually mild), a specific cognitive profile, unique personality characteristics, cardiovascular disease (supravalvar aortic stenosis, peripheral pulmonary stenosis, hypertension), connective tissue abnormalities, growth deficiency, endocrine abnormalities (early puberty, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, hypothyroidism), and distinctive facies. Hypotonia and hyperextensible joints can result in delayed attainment of motor milestones. Feeding difficulties often lead to poor weight gain in infancy. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>59799</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0175702</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0175702%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=59799" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=59799" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/194050" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=59799" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox46123" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 46123</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="10" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox46123" value="46123" /><span>10.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/46123" ref="ordinalpos=10&amp;ncbi_uid=46123&amp;link_uid=46123">Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is characterized by clinical features that typically develop in childhood and resemble some features of accelerated aging. Children with HGPS usually appear normal at birth. Profound failure to thrive occurs during the first year. Characteristic facial features include head that is disproportionately large for the face, narrow nasal ridge, narrow nasal tip, thin vermilion of the upper and lower lips, small mouth, and retro- and micrognathia. Common features include loss of subcutaneous fat, delayed eruption and loss of primary teeth, abnormal skin with small outpouchings over the abdomen and upper thighs, alopecia, nail dystrophy, coxa valga, and progressive joint contractures. Later findings include low-frequency conductive hearing loss, dental crowding, and partial lack of secondary tooth eruption. Motor and mental development is normal. Death occurs as a result of complications of severe atherosclerosis, either cardiac disease (myocardial infarction or heart failure) or cerebrovascular disease (stroke), generally between ages six and 20 years (average 14.5 years) without lonafarnib treatment or cardiac surgery intervention. Average life span is extended to approximately 17-19.5 years with lonafarnib therapy. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>46123</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0033300</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0033300%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=46123" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=46123" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/176670" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=46123" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox1648474" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 1648474</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="11" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox1648474" value="1648474" /><span>11.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/1648474" ref="ordinalpos=11&amp;ncbi_uid=1648474&amp;link_uid=1648474">Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 1A (Zellweger)</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Zellweger spectrum disorder (ZSD) is a phenotypic continuum ranging from severe to mild. While individual phenotypes (e.g., Zellweger syndrome [ZS], neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy [NALD], and infantile Refsum disease [IRD]) were described in the past before the biochemical and molecular bases of this spectrum were fully determined, the term "ZSD" is now used to refer to all individuals with a defect in one of the ZSD-PEX genes regardless of phenotype. Individuals with ZSD usually come to clinical attention in the newborn period or later in childhood. Affected newborns are hypotonic and feed poorly. They have distinctive facies, congenital malformations (neuronal migration defects associated with neonatal-onset seizures, renal cysts, and bony stippling [chondrodysplasia punctata] of the patella[e] and the long bones), and liver disease that can be severe. Infants with severe ZSD are significantly impaired and typically die during the first year of life, usually having made no developmental progress. Individuals with intermediate/milder ZSD do not have congenital malformations, but rather progressive peroxisome dysfunction variably manifest as sensory loss (secondary to retinal dystrophy and sensorineural hearing loss), neurologic involvement (ataxia, polyneuropathy, and leukodystrophy), liver dysfunction, adrenal insufficiency, and renal oxalate stones. While hypotonia and developmental delays are typical, intellect can be normal. Some have osteopenia; almost all have ameleogenesis imperfecta in the secondary teeth. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648474</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4721541</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4721541%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1648474" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=1648474" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/214100" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=1648474" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox327125" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 327125</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="12" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox327125" value="327125" /><span>12.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/327125" ref="ordinalpos=12&amp;ncbi_uid=327125&amp;link_uid=327125">Holoprosencephaly 3</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Any holoprosencephaly in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SHH gene. [from <a title="Monarch Initiative" href="https://monarchinitiative.org/" class="defSource" target="_blank">MONDO</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>327125</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1840529</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1840529%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=327125" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=327125" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/142945" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=327125" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox162881" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 162881</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="13" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox162881" value="162881" /><span>13.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/162881" ref="ordinalpos=13&amp;ncbi_uid=162881&amp;link_uid=162881">Smith-Magenis syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is characterized by distinctive physical features (particularly coarse facial features that progress with age), developmental delay, cognitive impairment, behavioral abnormalities, sleep disturbance, and childhood-onset abdominal obesity. Infants have feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, hypotonia, hyporeflexia, prolonged napping or need to be awakened for feeds, and generalized lethargy. The majority of individuals function in the mild-to-moderate range of intellectual disability. The behavioral phenotype, including significant sleep disturbance, stereotypies, and maladaptive and self-injurious behaviors, is generally not recognized until age 18 months or older and continues to change until adulthood. Sensory issues are frequently noted; these may include avoidant behavior, as well as repetitive seeking of textures, sounds, and experiences. Toileting difficulties are common. Significant anxiety is common as are problems with executive functioning, including inattention, distractibility, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Maladaptive behaviors include frequent outbursts / temper tantrums, attention-seeking behaviors, opposition, aggression, and self-injurious behaviors including self-hitting, self-biting, skin picking, inserting foreign objects into body orifices (polyembolokoilamania), and yanking fingernails and/or toenails (onychotillomania). Among the stereotypic behaviors described, the spasmodic upper-body squeeze or "self-hug" seems to be highly associated with SMS. An underlying developmental asynchrony, specifically emotional maturity delayed beyond intellectual functioning, may also contribute to maladaptive behaviors in people with SMS. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>162881</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0795864</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0795864%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=162881" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=162881" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/182290" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=162881" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox95931" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 95931</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="14" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox95931" value="95931" /><span>14.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/95931" ref="ordinalpos=14&amp;ncbi_uid=95931&amp;link_uid=95931">Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">ESCO2 spectrum disorder is characterized by mild-to-severe prenatal growth restriction, limb malformations (which can include bilateral symmetric tetraphocomelia or hypomelia caused by mesomelic shortening), hand anomalies (including oligodactyly, thumb aplasia or hypoplasia, and syndactyly), elbow and knee flexion contractures (involving elbows, wrists, knees, ankles, and feet [talipes equinovarus]), and craniofacial abnormalities (which can include bilateral cleft lip and/or cleft palate, micrognathia, widely spaced eyes, exophthalmos, downslanted palpebral fissures, <b>malar flattening</b>, and underdeveloped ala nasi), ear malformation, and corneal opacities. Intellectual disability (ranging from mild to severe) is common. Early mortality is common among severely affected pregnancies and newborns; mildly affected individuals may survive to adulthood. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>95931</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0392475</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0392475%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=95931" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=95931" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/268300" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=95931" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox6641" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 6641</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="15" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox6641" value="6641" /><span>15.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/6641" ref="ordinalpos=15&amp;ncbi_uid=6641&amp;link_uid=6641">Glycogen storage disease type III</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Glycogen storage disease type III (GSD III) is characterized by variable liver, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle involvement. GSD IIIa is the most common subtype, present in about 85% of affected individuals; it manifests with liver and muscle involvement. GSD IIIb, with liver involvement only, comprises about 15% of all affected individuals. In infancy and early childhood, liver involvement presents as hepatomegaly and failure to thrive, with fasting ketotic hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and elevated hepatic transaminases. In adolescence and adulthood, liver disease becomes less prominent. Most individuals develop cardiac involvement with cardiac hypertrophy and/or cardiomyopathy. Skeletal myopathy manifesting as weakness may be evident in childhood and slowly progresses, typically becoming prominent in the third to fourth decade. The overall prognosis is favorable but cannot be predicted on an individual basis. Long-term complications such as muscular and cardiac symptoms as well as liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma may have a severe impact on prognosis and quality of life. To date, it is unknown if long-term complications can be alleviated and/or avoided by dietary interventions. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6641</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0017922</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0017922%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=6641" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=6641" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/232400" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=6641" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox355217" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 355217</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="16" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox355217" value="355217" /><span>16.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/355217" ref="ordinalpos=16&amp;ncbi_uid=355217&amp;link_uid=355217">Muenke syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Muenke syndrome is characterized by considerable phenotypic variability; features may include coronal synostosis (more often bilateral than unilateral); synostosis of other sutures, all sutures (pan synostosis), or no sutures; or macrocephaly. Bilateral coronal synostosis typically results in brachycephaly, although turribrachycephaly (a "tower-shaped" skull) or a cloverleaf skull can be observed. Unilateral coronal synostosis results in anterior plagiocephaly. Other craniofacial findings typically include temporal bossing, widely spaced eyes, ptosis or mild proptosis, mild midface retrusion, and highly arched palate or cleft lip and palate. Strabismus is common. Other findings can include hearing loss, developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral issues, intracranial anomalies, epilepsy, ocular anomalies, brachydactyly, carpal and/or tarsal bone fusions, broad thumbs and great toes, clinodactyly, and radiographic findings of short and broad middle phalanges and/or cone-shaped epiphyses. Of note, some individuals who have the p.Pro250Arg pathogenic variant may have no signs of Muenke syndrome on physical or radiographic examination. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355217</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1864436</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1864436%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=355217" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=355217" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/602849" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=355217" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox61235" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 61235</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="17" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox61235" value="61235" /><span>17.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/61235" ref="ordinalpos=17&amp;ncbi_uid=61235&amp;link_uid=61235">Radial aplasia-thrombocytopenia syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Thrombocytopenia absent radius (TAR) syndrome is characterized by bilateral absence of the radii with the presence of both thumbs, and thrombocytopenia that is generally transient. Thrombocytopenia may be congenital or may develop within the first few weeks to months of life; in general, thrombocytopenic episodes decrease with age. Cow's milk allergy is common and can be associated with exacerbation of thrombocytopenia. Other anomalies of the skeleton (upper and lower limbs, ribs, and vertebrae), heart, and genitourinary system (renal anomalies and agenesis of uterus, cervix, and upper part of the vagina) can occur. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>61235</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0175703</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0175703%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=61235" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=61235" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/274000" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=61235" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox382398" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 382398</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="18" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox382398" value="382398" /><span>18.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/382398" ref="ordinalpos=18&amp;ncbi_uid=382398&amp;link_uid=382398">Loeys-Dietz syndrome 2</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterized by vascular findings (cerebral, thoracic, and abdominal arterial aneurysms and/or dissections), skeletal manifestations (pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum, scoliosis, joint laxity, arachnodactyly, talipes equinovarus, and cervical spine malformation and/or instability), craniofacial features (hypertelorism, strabismus, bifid uvula / cleft palate, and craniosynostosis that can involve any sutures), and cutaneous findings (velvety and translucent skin, easy bruising, and dystrophic scars). Individuals with LDS are predisposed to widespread and aggressive arterial aneurysms and pregnancy-related complications including uterine rupture and death. Individuals with LDS can show a strong predisposition for allergic/inflammatory disease including asthma, eczema, and reactions to food or environmental allergens. There is also an increased incidence of gastrointestinal inflammation including eosinophilic esophagitis and gastritis or inflammatory bowel disease. Wide variation in the distribution and severity of clinical features can be seen in individuals with LDS, even among affected individuals within a family who have the same pathogenic variant. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>382398</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2674574</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2674574%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=382398" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=382398" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/610168" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=382398" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox64221" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 64221</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="19" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox64221" value="64221" /><span>19.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/64221" ref="ordinalpos=19&amp;ncbi_uid=64221&amp;link_uid=64221">Saethre-Chotzen syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Classic Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) is characterized by coronal synostosis (unilateral or bilateral), facial asymmetry (particularly in individuals with unicoronal synostosis), strabismus, ptosis, and characteristic appearance of the ear (small pinna with a prominent superior and/or inferior crus). Syndactyly of digits two and three of the hand is variably present. Cognitive development is usually normal, although those with a large genomic deletion are at an increased risk for intellectual challenges. Less common manifestations of SCS include other skeletal findings (parietal foramina, vertebral segmentation defects, radioulnar synostosis, maxillary hypoplasia, ocular hypertelorism, hallux valgus, duplicated or curved distal hallux), hypertelorism, palatal anomalies, obstructive sleep apnea, increased intracranial pressure, short stature, and congenital heart malformations. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>64221</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0175699</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0175699%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=64221" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=64221" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/101400" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=64221" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox412530" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 412530</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="20" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox412530" value="412530" /><span>20.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/412530" ref="ordinalpos=20&amp;ncbi_uid=412530&amp;link_uid=412530">Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDC) is an autosomal dominant chondrodysplasia characterized by disproportionate short stature (short trunk), abnormal epiphyses, and flattened vertebral bodies. Skeletal features are manifested at birth and evolve with time. Other features include myopia and/or retinal degeneration with retinal detachment and cleft palate (summary by Anderson et al., 1990). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>412530</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2745959</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2745959%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=412530" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=412530" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/183900" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=412530" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
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<p class="address_footer text-white">National Library of Medicine<br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8600 Rockville Pike<br />
Bethesda, MD 20894</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white">FOIA</a><br />
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white" id="vdp">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p>
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<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white">Careers</a></p>
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<nav class="bottom-links">
<ul class="mt-3">
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a>
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<a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a>
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<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
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</nav>
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